Injini dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzinoda kunaka kwemafuta ari nani

Rangarira peturu ine lead?

Kune hutano hwedu uye zvakare nekuda kwevashanduri vanoshandura, izvo zvakave zvinosungirwa mumotokari nyowani kubva muna 1993, kushandiswa uye kutengeswa kwemafuta aya kwakarambidzwa.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kudzivirira motokari dzinoshandisa kubva pakurega kushanda, sezvo ichi chinowedzera chakatsiviwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvimwe zvinowedzera kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuita zvakafanana.

Vagadziri vemafuta 'vakamanikidzwa' kugadzira imwe mhando yezvigadzirwa zvekuwedzera, izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenhamba yepamusoro yeoctane pasina kushandisa lead. Izvi zvinogonesa kushandiswa kwezvinokonzeresa, kuchengetedza kugona kushandisa yakakwirira compression mitengo, yakakosha kuchengetedza kushanda kweinjini, uye, nekudaro, kuderedza kushandiswa. Uyu muenzaniso wekongiri unoratidza basa rakakosha iro tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemafuta nezvinowedzerwa zvakatambwa - uye zvinoramba zvichitamba - mukuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvekubudisa einjini dzinopisa mukati.

Luís Serrano, muongorori kuADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Naizvozvo, chinhu chekutanga chakakosha kukurudzira kudzikisira emission kuwedzera purofiti yeinjini. Kuziva kuti injini yekupisa ine mwero weavhareji weavhareji inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana, izvi zvinoreva kuti kuderera kwemhando yemafuta, kusashanda zvakanaka kweinjini kunopa uye kuwedzera kuburitswa kwemagasi kunokonzerwa necarburetion. Pane zvinopesana, mafuta akanaka anobvumira kushanda zvakanaka, sezvo kuwedzera kwekushanda kunowanikwa nemafuta maduku, izvo zvinokurudzira kuderedzwa kwekubuda kuvonga kune imwe nzvimbo inobudirira yekupisa.

Chidzidzo chakaitwa nechikamu chemakemikari cheBASF ("Eco-Efficiency Study for Diesel Additives, Mbudzi 2009) inoratidza izvi: izvo zvinowedzera zviripo mumafuta chikamu chakakosha mukuona kushanda kweinjini, zvisingade kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinowedzera. kuwana mhedzisiro uye inogara mhedzisiro panguva yekushandisa mota.

Symbiosis pakati pevagadziri

Kana tichienzanisa mashandiro edhiziri rekuwedzera uye risiri rekuwedzera, basa iri neboka reGermany rinotaura kuti iyo inonzi "dizili iri nyore" haigoni kubatsira thermodynamic kunyatsoshanda, uyewo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pahupenyu hurefu hwezvikamu.

Injini dzazvino dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvine kushivirira kwakasimba kwekugadzira, saka zvakakosha kuti mafuta ave nechokwadi chehutsanana hunoenderana uye anokurudzira kutonhora kwakakosha kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvejekiseni system, zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekudzivirirwa kubva mukusvibiswa uye kuparara kwezvinhu uye kuve nechokwadi. lubrication yezvikamu.

Luís Serrano, muongorori kuADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Naizvozvo, "kugadzirwa kweinjini uye masisitimu ekudzima anowirirana kwakamanikidza kugadzirwa kwemafuta ane hunhu huri nani, hunogona kuvimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kweaya masisitimu nemainjini anoenderana", anoenderera mberi muongorori uyu.

Ikozvino yakananga jekiseni injini, uko mafuta anomira zvakanyanya kudzvanywa uye tembiricha mazinga, anoda anonyatso shanda majekiseni nemapombi, asiwo zvakanyanya kutarisisa kune hunhu uye zvimiro zvemafuta anoshandiswa.

Izvi zvinoruramisa kudiwa kwesymbiosis pakati pekugadzirwa kwezvikamu uye injini uye kuwedzera kuoma kwekugadzira mafuta, kusimbisa kuferefetwa kwezvinowedzera zvinokwanisa kupindura kune zvinodiwa zvinoiswa nevagadziri veinjini.

Kuti uwane pfungwa yakasimba yekuvandudzwa kwemafuta uye ekuwedzera uye kukosha kwavo pakuvimbika kweinjini (...) kana mafuta kubva makore gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri apfuura akashandiswa muinjini yazvino, munguva pfupi kushandisa, injini iyoyo yaizova nematambudziko makuru ekushanda.

Luís Serrano, muongorori kuADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Tarisa pane eco-kubudirira

Nezvinangwa zvekuburitsa zvinoramba zvichiwedzera kudivi revagadziri vemotokari - kubva muna 2021, mhando dzinosungirwa kudzikisa avhareji yezinga re CO2 kubuda kwezvikepe kusvika ku95 g/km, pasi pechirango chefaindi huru -, Marara uye chidimbu. kuchengetedza uye hurongwa hwekurapa huri kuramba huchioma uye hunonzwisisika.

Uye zvinodhura.

Kunyatso kuvimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kweiyi tekinoroji (iyo vagadziri vemotokari vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekusvika zviuru zana nemakumi matanhatu emakiromita, maererano nekurudziro yeEuropean) ndeyekuti mafuta anotora basa rakakura uye ari kuramba achigadziridzwa nekusimudzirwa basa rawo.

TITEVERE PAYOUTUBE Nyorera kuchiteshi chedu

Mune basa iri neBASF, mafuta ekuwedzera anowana mhedzisiro iri nani maererano nesimba uye, semhedzisiro, zvakare maererano nekubuda.

Asi, chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura iyi mhedziso, kuratidza kuti kushanda uye kushanda kwemafuta ekuwedzera kwakakura sei sezvo injini iri pasi pemitoro yakakwirira. Iyo inosimbisa kukosha kwemafuta akavimbika mumotokari dzekutengesa kana modhi dzinokwanisa kuita kwepamusoro simba.

Tsvagiridzo uye kuvandudzwa kwemafuta uye zvinowedzera zvinoramba zvichiita basa rakakosha mukusangana nezvinotarwa zvekuburitsa einjini dzinopisa mukati. Semuenzaniso, maererano nedhiziri, kuderedzwa kwesarufa kunomira pachena, izvo zvinobvisa kuburitsa kwe sulfur compounds, izvo zvinosvibisa zvakanyanya uye izvo zvakawanikwa zvachose nevagadziri vemafuta. Sarufa chinhu chakajairika mukuumbwa kwemafuta epasi (yakasviba) uye inowanzoitika kakawanda mudhiziri, saka zvinodikanwa kubvisa chinhu ichi mukunatsa. Nenzira iyi zvaigoneka kubvisa chinhu ichi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinosvibisa zvinobuda pamwero wemakomisheni esarufa zvino zvasara zvakakwana. Parizvino, rudzi urwu rwekuburitsa hachisisiri dambudziko.

Luís Serrano, muongorori kuADAI, Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

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