Chirevo chepamutemo cheToyota hachina kukwanisa kutanga zvakanyanya: "Zvinoita semashiripiti: tinoisa mudziyo wakanangana nemhepo, touisa pachena kuchiedza chezuva, uye unotanga kugadzira mafuta mahara."
Zvemahara? Kufanana?
Kutanga, mafuta avanotaura haasi peturu kana dhiziri, asi hydrogen. Uye sezvatinoziva, Toyota ndeimwe yevatambi vakuru munzvimbo ino, iyo yemotokari dzemafuta, kana masero emafuta, ayo anoshandisa hydrogen kugadzira simba remagetsi rinodiwa kuisa mota mugiya.
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru pakuwedzera kwekombiyuta iyi inogara chaizvo mukugadzirwa kwehydrogen. Kunyangwe ichive chinhu chakanyanya kuwanda muchadenga, zvinosuwisa kuti inogara ichiita seyaka "namirwa" kune chimwe chinhu - muenzaniso wakajairika imorekuru remvura, H2O - inoda maitiro akaomarara uye anodhura kuti aparadzanise nekuichengeta.
Uye sekurangarira kunoita Toyota, kugadzirwa kwehydrogen kuchiri kushandisa fossil mafuta, mamiriro ayo mhando yeJapan inoda kuchinja.
Zvinoenderana neshoko kubva kuToyota Motor Europe (TME) vakawana yakakosha tekinoroji kufambira mberi. Mukubatana neDIFFER (Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research) yakagadzira mudziyo unokwanisa kutora mhute yemvura iripo mumhepo, ichipatsanura hydrogen neokisijeni zvakananga vachishandisa simba rezuva chete. — saka tinowana mafuta emahara.
Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha zvekusimudzira kwakabatana uku. Kutanga, tinoda hutsva hutsva, hunogara huripo - hwakadai sehydrogen - inogona kuderedza kuvimba kwedu nemafuta efossil; chechipiri, zvakakosha kuderedza kubudiswa kwemagasi ekupisa.
TME's Advanced Materials Research division uye DIFFER's Catalytic and Electromechanical Processes for Energy Applications boka, rinotungamirirwa naMihalis Tsampas, vakashanda pamwe chete kuti vawane nzira yekukamura mvura muzvikamu zvayo zvegasi (steam) chikamu uye kwete muchikamu chemvura inowanzozivikanwa. Zvikonzero zvinojekeswa naMihalis Tsampas:
Mihalis Tsampas, Catalytic uye Electromechanical Matanho eMagetsi Mashandisirwo kubva kuDIFFERKushanda negasi pachinzvimbo chemvura kune zvakanakira zvakawanda. Zvinwiwa zvine mamwe matambudziko, senge mabhururu kusingatarisirwe. Uyezve, nekushandisa mvura muchikamu chayo chegasi panzvimbo pechikamu chayo chemvura, hatidi nzvimbo dzinodhura kuchenesa mvura. Uye pakupedzisira, sezvatinongoshandisa mvura iripo mumhepo yakatipoteredza, teknolojia yedu inoshandiswa munzvimbo dziri kure uko mvura isingawaniki.
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Yekutanga prototype
TME uye DIFFER yakaratidza kuti nheyo yacho yakashanda sei, ichigadzira itsva yakasimba-state photoelectrochemical cell inokwanisa kutora mvura kubva mumhepo yakadzika, apo, mushure mekutarisana nezuva, yakatanga kubudisa hydrogen.
Iyi yekutanga prototype yakakwanisa kuita inonakidza 70% yekushanda kunowanikwa neyakafanana mvura-yakazadzwa mudziyo - kuvimbisa. Iyo sisitimu inosanganisira polymeric electrolyte membranes, porous photoelectrodes uye mvura-inopinza zvinhu, zvakasanganiswa mune chaiyo mudziyo ine yakasanganiswa membrane.
matanho anotevera
Chirongwa ichi, tichitarisa zvakabuda kare, chakakwanisa kupihwa mari kubva kuNWO ENW PPS Fund. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuvandudza mudziyo. Yekutanga prototype yakashandisa mafotoelectrodes anozivikanwa kuve akadzikama kwazvo, asi yaive nezvaisingakwanisi, sekutaura kunoita Tsampas: "... zvinhu zvakashandiswa zvakangotora mwenje weUV, unogadzira isingasviki 5% yezuva rose rinosvika Pasi. Danho rinotevera nderekushandisa zvinhu zvemazuva ano uye nekugadzirisa zvivakwa kuti zviwedzere kunyura kwemvura nechiedza chezuva. ”
Mushure mekukunda chipingamupinyi ichi, zvinogona kuita kuyera tekinoroji. Maseru ephotoelectrochemical anoshandiswa kugadzira haidrojeni madiki kwazvo (akatenderedza 1 cm2). Kuti vakwanise kubudirira mune zvehupfumi vanofanirwa kukura kanenge maviri kusvika matatu maodha ehukuru (100 kusvika 1000 nguva yakakura).
VaTsampas vanoti kunyange hazvo vasati vasvika ikoko, vane tarisiro yekuti hurongwa uhu muneramangwana haugone kubatsira kufambisa dzimotokari chete, asiwo mudzimba dzemagetsi.