Waa dabiici inaan isla markiiba ku xidhno mishiinnada Wankel iyo Mazda. Dhowr iyo toban sano waxay ahayd soo saaraha kaliya ee ku sharad matooradan bilaa piston ah. Waxaa shatiyeeyay Felix Wankel 1929-kii, waxay ahayd 50-meeyadii oo kaliya inaan arki doono noocii ugu horreeyay ee matoorka rotor-ka..
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Mazda xitaa ma ahayn markii ugu horeysay ee isticmaala nooca engine ah. Ka hor, noocyo kale ayaa soo saaray noocyo iyo xitaa moodooyin wax soo saar leh matoorada Wankel. Aynu la kulanno iyaga?
Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaabka ugu caansan ee loo isticmaalo mishiinka wareegta ah oo aan lahayn calaamadda Mazda waa Mercedes-Benz C111.
NSU
Waxaan ku bilownay NSU, oo ah shirkad Jarmal ah oo soo saarta baabuurta iyo mootooyinka, sababtoo ah waxay ahayd calaamadii ugu horeysay ee suuq geysa baabuur leh mishiin wareeg ah.
NSU waxay lahayd Felix Wankel kooxdeeda, halkaas oo matoorka wareeggu ka helay "qaab" qeexan, oo leh noocii ugu horreeyay ee soo muuqday 1957. Astaanta Jarmalka ayaa markaa ka dib sameeyay shatiyo ay heli karaan warshado kale - Alfa Romeo, American Motors, Citroën, Ford, General Motors , Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Porsche, Rolls-Royce, Suzuki iyo Toyota.
Laakiin baabuurka ugu horreeya ee leh mishiinka rotor-ka ayaa dhab ahaantii ka iman doona astaanta Jarmalka: ah NSU Spider . Iyada oo ku saleysan NSU Sport Prinz Coupé, dariiqan yar, oo la bilaabay 1964, wuxuu ku dhejiyay 498 cm3 hal rotor Wankel xagga danbe.
NSU Spider
NSU Spider : hal rotor, 498 cm3, 50 hp at 5500 rpm, 72 Nm at 2500 rpm, 700 kg, 2375 units ayaa la soo saaray.
Qaabka labaad wuxuu ahaa hami badan, waxaan ka hadalnaa ah NSU Ro80 soo bandhigay 1967. Saloonka qoyska, oo leh nashqad cusub oo tignoolajiyada aad u horumarsan wakhtigeeda. Waxa uu ku guulaystay koobkii Baabuurka sanadka ee Yurub 1968 kii.
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Ro80 sidoo kale wuxuu noqon lahaa baabuurka keeni lahaa dhamaadka NSU. Waa maxay sababtu? Qiimaha sare ee horumarinta iyo isku halaynta matoorada Wankel. Dib-u-dhiska mishiinka ee wax ka yar 50,000 kiiloomitir ayaa ahaa wax caadi ah-walaxda laga sameeyay qaybaha vertex-ka rotor-ka ayaa sababay dhibaatooyinka xidhidhiyaha inta u dhaxaysa rotor-ka iyo darbiyada qolalka gudaha. Shidaalka iyo isticmaalka saliidda ayaa sidoo kale la buunbuuniyay.
Volkswagen wuxuu nuugi lahaa NSU 1969, isagoo ku daraya Audi. Astaantu waxay sii jirtay jiritaankeeda ilaa dhamaadka mihnad ganacsi ee Ro80, laakiin labaduba waa la waayay 1977.
NSU Ro80
NSU Ro80 : bi-rotor, 995 cm3, 115 hp at 5500 rpm, 159 Nm at 4500 rpm, 1225 kg, 12.5s ka 0-100 km / h, 180 km / h xawaaraha sare, 37 398 unug ayaa la soo saaray.
liinta
Citroën waxay iskaashi la samaysay NSU, taas oo keentay in Comotor, oo ah calaamad loo abuuray horumarinta iyo iibinta matoorada Wankel. Matoorka wareega wuxuu ku habboon yahay sida galoofyada sawirka avantgarde ee astaanta Faransiiska. Si loo qiimeeyo suurtogalnimada soo jeedinta, Citroën wuxuu ka soo qaatay koope jirka Ami 8, oo ku qalabeeyay hakinta hydropneumatic wuxuuna ugu yeeray qaabka cusub a M35 . Waxa la soo saaray si xaddidan intii u dhaxaysay 1969 iyo 1971 waxaana la gaadhsiiyay macaamiil la doortay.
Qofkasta oo helay gaadhiga waxa uu ku qasban yahay in uu gaadho 60,000 kilomitir sanadkii, iyada oo dammaanad buuxda uu matoorka saaran yahay laba sano. Ka dib muddada isticmaalka, qaar badan oo ka mid ah M35 ayaa mar kale iibsan doona sumadda si loo burburiyo. In yar ayaa hadhay, kuwan "yar" ayaa badbaaday iyada oo ay u mahadcelinayaan macaamiisha saxiixay qandaraas ay ku qaateen dayactirka qaabka.
Citron M35
Citron M35 : hal rotor, 995 cm3, 50 hooras 5500 rpm, 69 Nm at 2750 rpm, 267 unug ayaa la soo saaray.
M35 waxay u adeegi doontaa sidii shaybaadhka duubista GS Birotor . Waxaa la soo bandhigay 1973, sida magacaba ka muuqata, waxaa lagu qalabeeyay bi-rotor Wankel, oo si sax ah u la mid ah NSU Ro80. Sida Ro80, moodelkan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay isku halleyn la'aantiisa iyo isticmaalka sare - inta u dhaxaysa 12 iyo 20 l/100 km. Muuqaal aan rafcaan ka qaadan karin waqtiyada dhibaatada saliidda. Waxay iibisay wax aad u yar iyo sida M35, astaanta Faransiiska ayaa dib u soo iibsan doonta inta badan GS Birotor si ay u burburiso, si aysan ula tacaalin qaybaha mustaqbalka.
Citroën GS Birotor : bi-rotor, 995 cm3, 107 hp at 6500 rpm, 140 Nm at 3000 rpm, 846 unug ayaa la soo saaray.
GM (General Motors)
GM kaliya waxa ay ku dhegtay prototypes. Tijaabooyin lagu qiimaynayo in uu shaqayn karo mishiinka RC2-206 ayaa lagu fuliyay Chevrolet Vega yar, laakiin waxa ay ahayd tusaalayaal sahamiyay mala-awaalka Corvette oo leh mishiin dambe oo dhexda ah oo taariikhda galay.
Labo ka mid ah noocyadan waxaa lagu qalabeeyay matoorada Wankel. THE XP-897 GT , oo lagu soo bandhigay 1972, wuxuu ahaa nooc leh cabbirro is haysta, oo saldhigga (la beddelay) oo ka yimid Porsche 914 iyo Pininfarina ayaa sidoo kale ku lug leh horumarintiisa.
Chevrolet XP-897 GT
Chevrolet XP-897 GT : bi-rotor, 3.4 l, 150 hp at 6000 rpm, 169 Nm at 4000 rpm.
Tusaalaha kale, oo la soo bandhigay 1973, wuxuu ahaa XP-895 , waxayna ahayd asal ahaan XP-882, oo ah prototype 1969. Matoorku wuxuu ahaa natiijada ku biirista labada matoor ee XP-897 GT.
70-meeyadii waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay dhibaatada saliidda iyo isticmaalka sare iyo kalsoonida shakiga ayaa hubaal ah inay dileen matooradii Wankel ee GM.
Chevrolet XP-895
Chevrolet XP-895 : tetra-rotor, 6.8 l, 420 hooras.
Shirkadda Matoorada Mareykanka (AMC)
AMC waxaa inta badan loo yaqaanaa wax yaab leh pacer , beddel kooban oo ka duwan gigantism-ka ay baabuurta Maraykanku la kulmeen. La soo saaray horraantii 70-meeyadii, waxaa la filayay in la helo mishiinka Wankel, natiijada iskaashiga NSU iyo Curtiss-Wright.
Taasi ma dhacayso. Sida GM, AMC waxay ka quusatay Wankels bartamihii tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxayna ku qasbanaatay inay si qoto dheer dib u qaabaynayso Pacer si ay ugu habboonaato xariiqda GM-ka ee lix-dhululubo ah hortiisa.
Mercedes-Benz
Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaabka ugu caansan ee loo isticmaalo mishiinka rotor-ka oo aan lahayn calaamadda Mazda waa Mercedes-Benz C111 . Magacaabista C111 waxay tilmaami doontaa noocyo taxane ah oo u adeegay sidii shaybaar tijaabo ah oo loogu talagalay teknoolojiyadda kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan noocyada cusub ee matoorada - ma aha oo kaliya matoorada Wankel laakiin sidoo kale matoorada turbocharged ee caadiga ah iyo matoorada Diesel.
Wadar ahaan waxaa jiri doona afar nooc oo C111 ah. Midka ugu horreeya waxaa la soo bandhigay 1969 kii labaadna 1970, labadaba matoorada rotor.
Nooca labaad wuxuu xitaa ku beddelan lahaa Wankel mashiinka naaftada. Kii saddexaad waxa uu haystay Naaftada, kii afraadna waxa uu ku beddelay Batrool Twin-Turbo V8 ah. Midda dambe, oo leh V8, waxay jebisay rikoodho taxane ah oo xawli ah, oo muujinaya 403.78 km/h ee C111/IV, oo la gaarey 1979kii.
Mercedes-Benz C111, 1969
Mercedes-Benz C111 : tri-rotor, 1.8 l, 280 hp at 7000 rpm, joogto ah 294 Nm inta u dhaxaysa 5000 iyo 6000 rpm.
Mercedes-Benz C111, 1970
Mercedes-Benz C111/II : tetra-rotor, 2.4 l, 350 hp at 7000 rpm, joogto ah 392 Nm inta u dhaxaysa 4000 iyo 5500 rpm, 290 km/h xawaaraha sare.