Ka mokhoa o sa tsejoeng ke batho ba bangata, lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor (tabeng ena khaello ea tsona) e bile motheo oa koluoa ea morao-rao eo indasteri ea likoloi e bileng le eona.
Nakong eo likoloi li ntseng li tsoela pele ho sebelisa lipotoloho, li-chips le li-processor, khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor e lebisitse ho tieho ea tlhahiso, ho emisoa ha mohala oa kopano le ho batla tharollo ea "bohlale" joalo ka e fumanoeng ke Peugeot bakeng sa 308.
Empa lisebelisoa tsee tsa semiconductor li na le eng, eo khaello ea eona e qobelletseng ho emisoa ha tlhahiso indastering ea likoloi? Li na le lisebelisoa tsa mofuta ofe?
Ke eng?
Ka bokhuts'oane, ka moo ho ka khonehang, thepa ea semiconductor e hlalosoa e le thepa e ka sebetsang joalo ka conductor ea hona joale ea motlakase kapa e le insulator ho latela lintlha tse fapaneng (joalo ka mocheso o teng, sebaka sa magnetic sa motlakase moo e tsamaisoang teng, kapa sebopeho sa hae sa molek'hule).Ho tloha tlhahong, ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tafoleng ea periodic tse sebetsang e le li-semiconductors. Tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ke silicon (Si) le germanium (Ge), empa ho na le tse ling tse kang sebabole (S), boron (B) le cadmium (Cd).
Ha e le boemong bo hloekileng, lisebelisoa tsena li bitsoa li-semiconductors tsa kahare (moo mahloriso a bajari ba qosoang hantle a lekanang le khatello ea bajari ba qosoang hampe).
Tse sebelisoang haholo indastering li bitsoa li-semiconductors tsa kantle 'me li khetholloa ka ho kenngoa ha litšila - liathomo tsa lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang phosphorus (P) -, ka mokhoa oa doping, o lumellang hore li laoloe, ntle le ho hlahloba lintlha tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa (ho na le mefuta e' meli ea ho se hloeke hoo ho hlahisa mefuta e 'meli ea li-semiconductors, "N" le "P"), litšobotsi tsa bona tsa motlakase le ho tsamaisa motlakase oa motlakase.
Likopo tsa hau ke life?
Ha u sheba ho pota-pota, ho na le lintho tse 'maloa le likarolo tse hlokang "litšebeletso" tsa thepa ea semiconductor.
Tšebeliso ea eona ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ha ho etsoa li-transistors, e leng karolo e nyenyane e qapiloeng ka 1947 e lebisitseng "phetoho ea elektronike" 'me e sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa kapa ho fapanyetsana lipontšo tsa elektronike le matla a motlakase.
Karolo ena e nyenyane, e hlahisoang ka lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor, e botlaaseng ba tlhahiso ea li-chips, microprocessors le li-processor tse teng lisebelisoa tsohle tsa elektronike tseo re phelang le tsona letsatsi le leng le le leng.
Ho phaella moo, lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor li boetse li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-diode, tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea likoloi ke li-light-emitting diode, tse tsejoang ka ho fetisisa e le LED (light-emitting diode).