Gasar neman wutar lantarki ta mota ta saci duk mukamai. Amma a bayan fage muna shaida bullar wani sabon salo a cikin injunan konewa. Ku yi imani da ni, har sai mun isa wurin da motar lantarki ta zama al'ada, za mu ci gaba da dogara ga injin konewa na ciki na 'yan shekarun da suka gabata - za mu kasance a nan don gani. Kuma kamar haka, injin konewa ya ci gaba da cancanci kulawar mu.
Kuma bayan shekaru da shekaru na ƙananan injuna - abin da ake kira raguwa - za mu iya ganin abin da ya faru. A wasu kalmomi, haɓakawa, wanda shine karuwa a cikin ƙarfin injin.
Shin injuna za su iya girma? Me yasa?
Godiya ga sabbin zagayen gwaji WLTP kuma RDE wanda ya fara aiki a watan Satumba kuma duk sabbin motoci dole ne a ba su takardar shaida ta tilas a watan Satumba na 2018. A yanzu, ana amfani da su ne kawai ga samfuran da aka ƙaddamar daga Satumba 1, 2017.WLTP (Tsarin Gwajin Motoci Masu Jituwa na Duniya) kai tsaye ya maye gurbin NEDC (Sabon Zagayen Tuƙi na Turai), wanda bai canza ba tun 1997. yawan amfani da hayaƙi na hukuma zai ƙaru.
Amma tasirin rushewar WLTP baya kwatanta na RDE (Hanyoyin Tuki na Gaskiya). Wannan shi ne saboda ana yin gwajin a kan titi ba a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, a karkashin yanayi na gaske. A wasu kalmomi, motar za ta sami damar nuna ƙimar da aka samu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a kan hanya.
Kuma a nan ne daidai inda matsalolin ƙananan injuna ke farawa. Lambobin sun bayyana a sarari: yayin da injuna suka yi hasarar iya aiki, bambance-bambance sun karu tsakanin hukuma da ainihin lambobi. Idan a cikin 2002 matsakaicin rashin daidaituwa ya kasance 5% kawai, a cikin 2015 ya wuce 40%.
Sanya ɗayan waɗannan ƙananan injuna don gwadawa bisa ga ƙa'idodin WLTP da RDE kuma wataƙila ba za a sami takaddun shaida don tallatawa ba.
Babu maye gurbin ƙaura
Maganar Amurka da aka saba tana nufin wani abu kamar "babu madadin ƙarfin injin". Maganar wannan magana ba ta da alaƙa ko kaɗan tare da neman mafi girman inganci ko cin jarrabawa, sai dai tare da samun aiki. Amma, abin mamaki, watakila shine wanda ya fi dacewa da mahallin nan gaba.
Peter Guest, manajan shirye-shirye na Bentley Bentayga, ya gane cewa za a iya samun koma baya na yanayin da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda za mu ga injunan da ke da ƙarfin aiki da ƙananan revs. Kuma ku tuna misali daga gidan:
shi ne mafi sauƙi don ƙaddamar da sabbin hayaki da gwajin amfani. Domin injin ne mai girma wanda ba ya jujjuyawa da yawa.
Mu tuna cewa Mulsanne yana amfani da "madawwamiyar" 6.75 lita V8. Yana da turbo guda biyu, amma a ƙarshe takamaiman ƙarfin shine kawai 76 hp/l - wanda ke nufin 513 hp a 4000 rpm. Duk da sanin juyin halittar fasaha da yawa, ainihin toshe iri ɗaya ne da aka haɓaka a farkon shekarun 50s.
NA vs Turbo
Wani shari'ar da ke nuna cewa hanyar na iya kasancewa a cikin ƙara santimita cubic kuma watakila watsi da turbos ya fito daga Mazda. Alamar Jafananci ta ci gaba da kasancewa “da alfahari” kawai - mun shafe watanni muna rubuta hakan - ta hanyar ficewa daga ragewa don neman sabon ƙarni na injunan injunan dabi'a (NA), tare da babban matsi kuma sama da matsakaicin ƙaura - haƙƙin mallaka. , kamar yadda aka ambata ta alamar.
Sakamakon shi ne cewa Mazda ya bayyana a fili yana cikin matsayi mafi kyau don fuskantar sababbin gwaje-gwaje. Bambancin da aka samu a cikin injinan su gabaɗaya koyaushe yana ƙasa da wanda aka samu a cikin ƙananan injin turbo. Kamar yadda kuke gani a teburin da ke ƙasa:
| Mota | Motoci | Matsakaicin Amfani (NEDC) | Amfani na gaske* | Rashin daidaituwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ford Focus | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 l/100 km | 6.68 l/100 km | 42.12% |
| Mazda 3 | 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 l/100 km | 6.60 l/100 km | 29.4% |
* Bayanai: Spritmonitor
Duk da ninki biyu na ƙarfin injin 2.0 SKYACTIV-G, yana lalata amfani da hukuma da hayaƙi a ƙarƙashin zagayowar NEDC, ya yi daidai da 1.0 lita Ecoboost na Ford a ainihin yanayi. Shin injin Ecoboost na Ford na 1.0 shine mai kashewa? A'a, yana da yawa kuma ina nema. Duk da haka, a cikin sake zagayowar NEDC yana kulawa don samun damar da ba ta wanzu a cikin "ainihin duniya".
Tare da shigar da WLTP da RDE, duka shawarwari ya kamata su ga karuwa a cikin ƙididdiga na hukuma, amma ba tare da la'akari da hanyar fasaha da aka zaɓa ba, yana nuna cewa har yanzu akwai aiki mai wuyar gaske don rage bambance-bambancen yanzu.
Kar a yi tsammanin magina za su yi gaggawar ficewa daga injina na yanzu. Duk jarin da aka yi ba za a iya jefar da shi ba. Amma dole ne mu kalli canje-canje: wasu tubalan, musamman ƙananan na 900 da 1000 cm3 na iya samun wani 100 zuwa 200 cm3 kuma turbos za su ga rage matsa lamba ko ma a canza su zuwa ƙananan.
Duk da sha musantawa da wutar lantarki, inda ya kamata mu ganin wani m fadada 48V m-hybrids (Semi-hybrids), haƙiƙa na wannan bayani zai zama don cika da stricter watsi nagartacce, kamar Euro6C da taimako isar da kallafaffen talakawan CO2 watsi da matakan ga magina . Amfani da hayaki ya kamata su faɗi, ba shakka, amma halayen injin konewa na ciki, da kanta, dole ne su kasance da ƙarfi sosai don sakamako a cikin gwaje-gwaje biyu, WLTP da RDE, don zarce. Ana rayuwa lokuta masu ban sha'awa.