Kwa afọ bp na-ewepụta akụkọ na-enyocha ọnọdụ ahịa ike ike, " bp Nyochaa Statistical nke World Energy ". Dị ka enwere ike ịtụ anya, ihe e bipụtara ugbu a maka afọ 2020 na-ekpughe "mmetụta dị egwu nke ọrịa na-efe efe zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere na ahịa ike".
Oriri ike nke mbụ na ikuku carbon sitere na oriri ume dekọtara mbelata kacha ngwa ngwa kemgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ (1939-1945).
N'aka nke ọzọ, ume ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ ha nke uto siri ike, na-emesi ike na ikuku na ike anyanwụ, bụ nke nwere ọganihu kachasị elu kwa afọ.
Isi ihe ngosi ụwa
N'afọ 2020, oriri ike izizi gbadara 4.5% - ọdịda kachasị ukwuu kemgbe 1945 (afọ nke Agha IIwa nke Abụọ biri). Ọ bụ mmanụ butere mbelata a, bụ nke mere ihe dị ka ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụgbụ a.
Ọnụ ahịa gas agbadala n'ọtụtụ afọ dị ala; Otú ọ dị, òkè nke gas na ike bụ isi nọgidere na-abawanye, na-eru ihe ndekọ dị elu nke 24.7%.
A na-edebanye aha mmepụta ikuku, anyanwụ na hydroelectric, n'agbanyeghị mbelata nke ọchịchọ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ikuku na ike anyanwụ mụbara ruo nnukwu 238 GW na 2020 - karịa 50% nke oge ọ bụla ọzọ na akụkọ ntolite.
Site na mba, United States of America, India na Russia hụrụ mbelata kasị ukwuu na oriri ume n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. China dekọrọ uto ya kachasị elu (2.1%), otu n'ime mba ole na ole ebe ike ike mụbara n'afọ gara aga.
Mkpọpụta carbon sitere na oriri ike gbadara 6% na 2020, ọdịda kasịnụ kemgbe 1945.
Spencer Dale, Chief Economist na bp"Maka akụkọ a - dịka ọtụtụ n'ime anyị - 2020 ga-abụ otu n'ime afọ kachasị ịtụnanya na ihe ịma aka. Mkpọchi nke gara n'ihu n'ụwa niile enweela mmetụta dị egwu n'ahịa ike, ọkachasị mmanụ, nke emebiela ihe metụtara njem ya. "
"Ihe na-agba ume bụ na 2020 bụkwa afọ maka mmeghari ohuru ga-apụta na mmepụta ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-edekọ uto kachasị ngwa ngwa - nke na-ebutekarị site na ọnụ ahịa metụtara ike sitere na coal. Usoro ndị a bụ kpọmkwem ihe ụwa kwesịrị iche ihu ngbanwe ya na nnọpụiche carbon - uto a siri ike ga-enye ohere maka mmeghari ohuru ma e jiri ya tụnyere coal "
Na Europe
Kọntinenti Europe na-egosipụtakwa mmetụta nke ọrịa na-efe efe na oriri ume - nri ike mbụ dara site na 8.5% na 2020, na-erute ọkwa kachasị ala kemgbe 1984. E gosipụtara nke a na mbelata 13% na ikuku CO2 sitere na oriri ike, bụ nke a na-enweta. gosipụtara ọnụ ahịa ya kacha ala kemgbe opekata mpe 1965.N'ikpeazụ, oriri nke mmanụ na gas dakwasịrị, na tụlee nke, n'otu n'otu, 14% na 3%, ma nnukwu dobe e debara aha na larịị nke coal (nke dara site 19%), onye òkè dara 11%, ala. n'ihi na oge mbụ ka renewables, nke bụ 13%.
Afọ 70 nke bp Statistical Review of World Energy
Nke mbụ e bipụtara na 1952, akụkọ nyocha Statistical bụ isi iyi nke ebumnobi, ozi zuru oke na nyocha nke na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ, gọọmentị na ndị nyocha aka ịghọta nke ọma na ịkọwapụta ihe na-eme n'ahịa ike ụwa. Ka oge na-aga, o nyela ozi gbasara akụkọ kachasị dị egwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sistemụ Ike Ụwa, gụnyere nsogbu Suez Canal nke 1956, Nsogbu Mmanụ nke 1973, mgbanwe Iranian nke 1979, na ọdachi Fukushima nke 2011.
Isi ihe ndị ọzọ
mmanụ ala:
- Ọnụ ego mmanụ (Brent) bụ $41.84 kwa gbọmgbọm na 2020 - nke kachasị ala kemgbe 2004.
- Ọchịchọ ụwa maka mmanụ dara site na 9.3%, yana nnukwu ọdịda edere na United States of America (-2.3 nde b/d), Europe (-1.5 nde b/d) na India (-480 000 b/d). China bụ naanị obodo ebe oriri na-eto eto (+220,000 b/d).
- Refineries debakwara ndekọ ndekọ nke pasent 8.3, guzo na 73.9%, ọkwa kachasị ala kemgbe 1985.
GAS OKWU:
- Ọnụ ahịa gas eke edebanyere aha ọtụtụ afọ dara: nkezi ọnụahịa North American Henry Hub bụ $1.99 / mmBtu na 2020 - nke kachasị ala kemgbe 1995 - ebe ọnụ ahịa gas sitere na Asia (Japan Korea Marker) debara aha ọkwa kachasị ala, na-erute ndekọ ya. obere ($4.39/mmBtu).
- Otú ọ dị, òkè nke gas dị ka ike bụ isi nọgidere na-arị elu, na-erute ihe ndekọ dị elu nke 24.7%.
- Ọnụnọ nke gas sitere n'okike toro 4 bcm ma ọ bụ 0.6%, n'okpuru nkezi uto e dekọrọ na afọ 10 gara aga, nke 6.8%. Ọnụnọ nke gas sitere na US toro 14 bcm (29%), na-ewepụ akụkụ ụfọdụ site na mbelata a hụrụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, dị ka Europe na Africa.
COAL:
- Oriri coal dara site na 6.2 ex joules (EJ), ma ọ bụ 4.2%, nke enyemaka enyemaka na-akpata na US (-2.1 EJ) na India (-1.1 EJ). Iri coal na OECD eruola ọkwa kachasị ala na akụkọ ihe mere eme, dịka ozi nke bp nakọtara na 1965 si dị.
- China na Malaysia bụ ndị ama ama ka ha dekọtara mmụba nke oriri coal nke 0.5 EJ na 0.2 EJ, n'otu n'otu.
AKWỤKWỌ, MMIRI NA Nuclear:
- Ike mmeghari ohuru (gụnyere biofuels, mana ewezuga hydro) tolitere site na 9.7%, n'iji nwayọ nwayọ karịa nkezi uto nke afọ 10 gara aga (13.4% kwa afọ), mana na-enwe uto zuru oke na usoro ike (2.9 EJ), ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke A na-ahụta uto na 2017, 2018 na 2019.
- Igwe ọkụ anyanwụ tolitere ruo ndekọ 1.3 EJ (20%). Agbanyeghị, ikuku (1.5 EJ) nyere aka na uto nke mmeghari ohuru.
- Ike ike nke anyanwụ mụbara site na 127 GW, ebe ike ikuku na-eto site na 111 GW - ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọkwa kachasị elu e dekọrọ na mbụ.
- China bụ obodo kacha nyere aka na uto nke mmeghari ohuru (1.0 EJ), sochiri USA (0.4 EJ). Dị ka mpaghara, Europe bụ nke kacha nyere aka na uto nke ngalaba a, yana 0.7 EJ.
ELECTRICITY:
- Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik dara site na 0.9% - mbelata dị nkọ karịa nke edere na 2009 (-0.5%), naanị otu afọ, dịka ndekọ data bp (malite na 1985), nke hụrụ mbelata nke ọchịchọ ọkụ eletrik.
- Oke nke mmeghari ohuru na mmepụta ume sitere na 10.3% ruo 11.7%, ebe coal gbadara pasentị 1.3 ruo 35.1% - mbelata ọzọ na ndekọ bp.