Mpikisano wopangira magetsi pamagalimoto amabera maudindo onse. Koma kuseri kwazithunzi tikuwona kuwonekera kwa njira yatsopano yama injini oyatsira mkati. Ndikhulupirireni, mpaka titafika pamene galimoto yamagetsi imakhala yokhazikika, tidzapitirizabe kudalira injini yoyaka mkati mwa zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi - tidzakhala pano kuti tiwone. Ndipo motero, injini yoyaka moto ikupitilizabe kutipatsa chidwi.
Ndipo patatha zaka ndi zaka za injini zocheperako - zomwe zimatchedwa kutsika - titha kuwona chodabwitsa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kukweza, kutanthauza, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu za injini.
Kodi injini zikule? Chifukwa chiyani?
Chifukwa cha mayeso atsopanowa Mtengo WLTP ndi RDE zomwe zinayamba kugwira ntchito mu September ndipo zomwe magalimoto onse atsopano adzayenera kutsimikiziridwa movomerezeka mu September 2018. Pakalipano, amangogwiritsa ntchito ku zitsanzo zomwe zinayambika kuyambira September 1, 2017.WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure) inalowa m'malo mwa NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), yomwe yakhala yosasintha kuyambira 1997. kumwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya wovomerezeka kudzawonjezeka.
Koma zosokoneza za WLTP sizikufanana ndi za RDE (Real Driving Emissions). Izi ndichifukwa choti mayesowa amachitidwa mumsewu osati mu labotale, pansi pazimenezi. Mwanjira ina, galimotoyo iyenera kuwonetsa zomwe zimapezedwa mu labotale pamsewu.
Ndipo apa ndipamene mavuto a injini yaing'ono amayamba. Ziwerengerozi zikuwonekeratu: popeza injini zataya mphamvu, kusagwirizana kwawonjezeka pakati pa ziwerengero zovomerezeka ndi zenizeni. Ngati mu 2002 kusiyana kwapakati kunali 5% yokha, mu 2015 kunadutsa 40%.
Ikani imodzi mwa injini zazing'onozi kuti ziyesedwe molingana ndi momwe WLTP ndi RDE zimayika ndipo mwina sizingalandire chiphaso kuti chizigulitsidwa.
Palibe kusintha kwa kusamuka
Mawu odziwika bwino a ku America amatanthauza chinachake chonga "palibe cholowa m'malo mwa mphamvu ya injini". Mawu a m'mawuwa alibe chochita pang'ono kapena alibe chochita ndi kufuna kuchita bwino kwambiri kapena kukhoza mayeso, koma kukwanitsa kuchita bwino. Koma chodabwitsa n’chakuti mwina ndi imene ikugwirizana bwino ndi nkhani ya m’tsogolo.
Peter Guest, woyang'anira mapulogalamu a Bentley Bentayga, akuzindikira kuti pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwa zaka zaposachedwa, komwe tidzawona injini zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zotsitsimula zochepa. Ndipo kumbukirani chitsanzo cha nyumbayi:
ndichosavuta kukwanitsa kuyesa kwatsopano kwa mpweya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe simazungulira kwambiri.
Tikumbukenso kuti Mulsanne ntchito "yamuyaya" 6.75 lita V8. Ili ndi ma turbos awiri, koma pamapeto pake mphamvu yeniyeni ndi 76 hp / l yokha - kutanthauza 513 hp pa placid 4000 rpm. Ngakhale adadziwa zosinthika zingapo zaukadaulo, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zidapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 50.
NA vs Turbo
Nkhani ina yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti njirayo ikhoza kukhala pakuwonjezera ma kiyubiki centimita ndipo mwina kusiya ma turbos kumachokera ku Mazda. Mtundu waku Japan udakhalabe "wonyadira" kokha - takhala tikulemba izi kwa miyezi ingapo - posankha kusiya kutsitsa m'malo mwa injini za m'badwo watsopano wa injini zoyembekezeka mwachilengedwe (NA), zokhala ndi chiwopsezo chambiri komanso kusamuka kwapakati - kupatsa ufulu. , monga momwe amatchulira mtunduwo.
Chotsatira chake n’chakuti Mazda ikuwoneka kuti ili m’malo abwinoko okhoza kuyang’anizana ndi mayesero atsopanowo. Kusiyana komwe kumapezeka mumainjini awo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa komwe kumapezeka mumainjini ang'onoang'ono a turbo. Monga mukuwonera patebulo ili pansipa:
| Galimoto | Galimoto | Official Average Consumption (NEDC) | Kudya kwenikweni* | Kusagwirizana |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ford Focus | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 L / 100 Km | 6.68 L / 100 Km | 42.12% |
| Mazida 3 | 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 L/100 Km | 6.60 L / 100 Km | 29.4% |
*Deta: Spritmonitor
Ngakhale kuwirikiza kawiri kwa injini ya 2.0 SKYACTIV-G, kulepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa boma ndi mpweya pansi pa NEDC, ikufanana ndi Ford 1.0 lita Ecoboost muzochitika zenizeni. Kodi injini ya Ford 1.0 Ecoboost ndiyowononga ndalama? Ayi, ndizochepa ndipo ndikupempha. Komabe, mumayendedwe a NEDC amatha kupeza mwayi womwe kulibe "dziko lenileni".
Ndi kulowa kwa WLTP ndi RDE, malingaliro onsewa ayenera kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa zikhalidwe zovomerezeka, koma mosasamala kanthu za njira yaumisiri yosankhidwa, zikuwoneka kuti pali ntchito yaikulu yochepetsera kusagwirizana komwe kulipo.
Musamayembekezere omanga kuthamangira ma injini apano. Ndalama zonse zomwe zapangidwa sizingatayidwe. Koma tiyenera kuyang'ana zosintha: midadada ena, makamaka ang'onoang'ono a 900 ndi 1000 cm3 atha kupeza wina 100 mpaka 200 cm3 ndipo ma turbos adzawona kupsinjika kwawo kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono.
Ngakhale kuti magetsi akuchulukirachulukira, pomwe tiyenera kuwona kukula kofulumira kwa 48V mild-hybrids (semi-hybrids), cholinga cha yankholi chidzakhala kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya monga Euro6C ndikuthandizira kufikitsa kuchuluka kwa CO2 kwa omanga. . Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutulutsa mpweya kuyenera kugwa, ndithudi, koma khalidwe la injini yoyaka mkati mwawokha, liyenera kukhala lolimba kwambiri kuti zotsatira za mayesero awiriwa, WLTP ndi RDE, zikhale zopambana. Nthawi zosangalatsa zikukhala moyo.