Nubwo ubushake bwo kugenda amashanyarazi muri Porsche bukomeye kuruta mbere hose, ikirango cy’Ubudage cyatangaje muri Gashyantare gishize ko nacyo cyagize uruhare mu iterambere ibicanwa bya sintetike cyangwa e-lisansi.
Kuki? Mu magambo ya Michael Steiner, umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere muri Porsche, yagize ati: "Hamwe n’amashanyarazi yonyine, ntidushobora gutera imbere byihuse", bivuze ko kugera ku ntego zo kutabogama kwa karubone.
Ntabwo ari amagambo gusa, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa mbere rukora amavuta yubukorikori rumaze gutangira, hamwe niyi i Chili kandi izatangira gukora vuba muri 2022.
Mu cyiciro cy'icyitegererezo, hazakorwa litiro ibihumbi 130 z'ibicanwa bitagira aho bibogamiye, ariko izo ndangagaciro zizamuka cyane mu byiciro bibiri biri imbere. Rero, mu 2024, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro buzaba litiro miliyoni 55 za e-lisansi, naho 2026, bukaba bwikubye inshuro 10, ni ukuvuga litiro miliyoni 550.
Oliver Blume, umuyobozi mukuru wa Porsche“Kugenda kw'amashanyarazi nicyo kintu cyambere kuri Porsche. Ibinyabiziga bya e-lisansi byiyongera kuri ibi - niba bikorerwa ahantu hose ku isi hari ingufu zisagutse. Nibintu byiyongera kuri decarbonisation. Ibyiza byayo bishingiye ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha: e-lisansi irashobora gukoreshwa muri moteri yaka ndetse no gucomeka imashini, kandi irashobora gukoresha umuyoboro uriho wa sitasiyo. ”
Kuki muri Chili?
Kubaka uruganda no gukora ibicanwa bya sintetike ni ibisubizo byubufatanye hagati ya Porsche na Siemens Energy (mubindi, nka sosiyete ikora ingufu AME, uruganda rukora peteroli rwa Chili ENAP hamwe n’isosiyete ikora ingufu z’Ubutaliyani Enel), kandi ifite inkunga kuva muri guverinoma y'Ubudage, binyuze muri Minisiteri y'Ubukungu n'Ingufu (yatanze miliyoni umunani z'amayero).Iyandikishe mu kanyamakuru kacu
Ku izina rya “Haru Oni”, umushinga w'icyitegererezo uru ruganda rushya urimo, uzashyirwa mu bikorwa mu ntara ya Magallanes, Chili. Kuki wahisemo iki gihugu cyo muri Amerika yepfo na cyane cyane iyi ntara? Kubera ko intara ya Magallanes, iherereye mu majyepfo y’igihugu (yegereye Antaragitika, mu majyepfo, kuruta umurwa mukuru w’igihugu, Santiago, mu majyaruguru), yungukirwa n’ikirere cyiza kijyanye n'umuyaga, mu yandi magambo, yunguka ibihe byiza kugirango habeho ingufu z'umuyaga - ingufu zisubirwamo ni ngombwa kugirango ibinyabuzima bitagira aho bibogamiye.
Byose kubera ko e-lisansi ituruka ku guhuza ibintu bibiri: dioxyde de carbone (CO2) na hydrogen (H). Kandi rubavu igumaho, mubanze, mugukora hydrogen. Kugeza ubu, 90% bya hydrogène byatanze ibisubizo bivuye mu kuvugurura ibyuka, inzira ihumanya cyane, kuko ituruka ku kubora kwa peteroli. Yitwa rero hydrogen imvi.
Kugirango tugire hydrogène y'icyatsi kibisi, idahumanya, ituruka kuri electrolysis y'amazi - ibi bigabanyijemo molekile ziyigize, ogisijeni (O) na hydrogen (H2) - dukeneye ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, kubwibyo, izaba ifite guturuka kumasoko yingufu zisubirwamo nkumuyaga wagennye guhitamo intara ya Magallanes, muri Chili. Biracyari ubwoko buhenze bwa hydrogène kubyara umusaruro, ariko ikiguzi gishobora kugabanuka uko umusaruro wiyongereye.
Ingufu za Siemens zizaba zishinzwe guhuza sisitemu murwego rwagaciro. Kuva hajyaho umuyaga wa Siemens Gamesa, kugeza kuri PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) electrolysis, ihuye nogukoresha ingufu z'umuyaga uhindagurika.
Nyuma ya electrolysis y'amazi ikozwe, aho tubona hydrogen (icyatsi), nyuma yaje guhuzwa na CO2 - nayo ishobora kubyara muburyo butandukanye, harimo no gufatwa mukirere - bikavamo methanolike kandi ishobora kuvugururwa. Ibi noneho bihindurwamo lisansi ukoresheje tekinoroji ya MTG (Methanol To Gasoline), hanyuma igahabwa uruhushya kandi igashyigikirwa na ExxonMobil.
Porsche, umukiriya nyamukuru
Urebye uruhare rwayo muri ubu bufatanye, aho Porsche izatangirira gushora hafi miliyoni 20 z'amayero, birashoboka ko nayo izaba umukiriya nyamukuru kwakira no kwishimira iyi e-lisansi.
Ibicanwa bya sintetike bizakoreshwa bwa mbere na Porsche, mu ikubitiro, mu marushanwa, aho uruganda rw’Abadage rufite imbaraga zikomeye kandi ruzagera kuri Porsche Experience Centre ndetse n’imodoka zibyara umusaruro.
Muri ubu buryo, imodoka zawe zose, zaba zaka gusa, imvange cyangwa amashanyarazi, bizagira uruhare mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bitagira aho bibogamiye.