Irushanwa ryo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi yibye imitwe yose. Ariko inyuma yinyuma turimo tubona ko hagaragaye icyerekezo gishya muri moteri yaka imbere. Nyizera, kugeza igihe tuzagera aho imodoka y'amashanyarazi isanzwe, tuzakomeza kwishingikiriza kuri moteri yaka imbere mumyaka mirongo iri imbere - tuzaba turi hano kureba. Kandi nkibyo, moteri yaka ikomeje kwitabwaho.
Kandi nyuma yimyaka nimyaka ya moteri-ntoya - ibyo bita kugabanuka - dushobora kubona neza ibintu bihinduka. Muyandi magambo, kuzamura, ni ukuvuga, kongera ubushobozi bwa moteri.
Moteri irashobora gukura? Kuki?
Ndashimira ibizamini bishya WLTP na RDE ryatangiye gukurikizwa muri Nzeri kandi imodoka nshya zose zigomba kwemezwa byemewe muri Nzeri 2018. Kugeza ubu, zireba gusa moderi zatangiye kuva ku ya 1 Nzeri 2017.WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure Procedure) yasimbuye mu buryo butaziguye NEDC (New Europe Driving Cycle), itigeze ihinduka kuva mu 1997. ikoreshwa n’ibyuka bihumanya biziyongera.
Ariko ingaruka zibangamira WLTP ntizigereranya na RDE (Imyuka nyayo yo gutwara). Ni ukubera ko ikizamini gikorerwa mumuhanda ntabwo kiri muri laboratoire, mubihe nyabyo. Muyandi magambo, imodoka igomba kuba ishobora kwerekana indangagaciro zabonetse muri laboratoire kumuhanda.
Kandi aha niho rwose ibibazo bya moteri nto bitangirira. Imibare irasobanutse: nkuko moteri yatakaje ubushobozi, itandukaniro ryiyongereye hagati yimibare ifatika. Niba muri 2002 impuzandengo itandukanye yari 5% gusa, muri 2015 yarenze 40%.
Shira imwe muri moteri ntoya kugirango ugerageze ukurikije ibipimo byashyizweho na WLTP na RDE kandi birashoboka ko itazabona icyemezo cyo gucuruzwa.
Nta gusimbuza kwimurwa
Imvugo y'Abanyamerika imenyerewe isobanura ikintu nka "nta gisimbuza ubushobozi bwa moteri". Imiterere yiyi mvugo ifite bike cyangwa ntaho ihuriye no gushaka imikorere irenze cyangwa gutsinda ikizamini, ahubwo hamwe no kugera kubikorwa. Ariko, igitangaje, birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwiza bujyanye nibizaza.
Peter Guest, umuyobozi wa gahunda ya Bentley Bentayga, yemera ko hashobora kubaho ihinduka ryimyumvire yimyaka yashize, aho tuzabona moteri ifite ubushobozi bunini na revisiyo nkeya. Kandi wibuke urugero ruva munzu:
ni ibintu byoroshye gutsinda imyuka mishya n'ibizamini byo gukoresha. Kuberako ari moteri yububasha buhanitse cyane.
Reka twibuke ko Mulsanne ikoresha "ubuziraherezo" litiro 6.75 V8. Ifite turbos ebyiri, ariko amaherezo imbaraga zihariye ni 76 hp / l - bivuze 513 hp kuri plaque 4000 rpm. Nubwo yari izi ubwihindurize butandukanye, ni igice kimwe cyateye imbere mu ntangiriro ya za 50.
NA vs Turbo
Urundi rubanza rwerekana ko inzira ishobora kuryama mukongeramo santimetero kubice kandi wenda kureka turbos biva muri Mazda. Ikirango cy'Ubuyapani cyakomeje kuba "ishema" gusa - twagiye twandika ko hano amezi - duhitamo kugabanuka kugirango dushyigikire igisekuru gishya cya moteri isanzwe yifuzwa (NA), ifite igipimo kinini cyo kwikuramo kandi kiri hejuru yimuka ugereranije - uburenganzira , nkuko byavuzwe na kirango.
Igisubizo nuko Mazda bigaragara ko iri mumwanya mwiza wo guhangana n'ibizamini bishya. Ibinyuranyo biboneka muri moteri zabo muri rusange burigihe biri munsi yibyo biboneka muri moteri nto ya turbo. Nkuko mubibona mumeza hepfo:
| Imodoka | Moteri | Ikigereranyo cyo Kumugaragaro (NEDC) | Imikoreshereze nyayo * | Kudahuza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamamoto | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 l / 100 km | 6.68 l / 100 km | 42,12% |
| Mazda 3 | 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 l / 100 km | 6.60 l / 100 km | 29.4% |
* Amakuru: Spritmonitor
Nubwo inshuro ebyiri za moteri ya SKYACTIV-G yikubye kabiri, ikabangamira imikoreshereze y’imyuka n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya NEDC, ihura na litiro 1.0 ya Ecoboost ya Ford mu bihe nyabyo. Moteri ya 1.0 ya Ecoboost ya Ford niyo ikoresha? Oya, birahari rwose kandi ndabisabye. Ariko, muri cycle NEDC ibasha kubona inyungu itabaho "kwisi".
Hamwe no kwinjira kwa WLTP na RDE, ibyifuzo byombi bigomba kubona iyongerekana ryagaciro, ariko tutitaye kubisubizo byikoranabuhanga byatoranijwe, bigaragara ko hakiri akazi gakomeye ko kugabanya itandukaniro ririho.
Ntutegereze ko abubatsi bihuta kuri moteri zubu. Igishoro cyose cyakozwe ntigishobora gutabwa hanze. Tugomba kureba impinduka: uduce tumwe na tumwe, cyane cyane duto duto twa 900 na 1000 cm3 dushobora kunguka cm 100 kugeza kuri 200 kandi turbos ikabona umuvuduko wabo wagabanutse cyangwa no guhindurwa kubito.
Nubwo amashanyarazi akwirakwira, aho tugomba kubona kwaguka byihuse 48V byoroheje-bivangavanze (kimwe cya kabiri) . Kurya no gusohora bigomba kugabanuka, byanze bikunze, ariko imyitwarire ya moteri yimbere yimbere, ubwayo, igomba kuba ikomeye cyane kubisubizo mubizamini byombi, WLTP na RDE, kurenga. Ibihe bishimishije birabaho.