Taive paCES 2020. Zvese zvaunoda kuziva

Anonim

Yakagadzirwa makore makumi mashanu nemaviri apfuura nevashoma vetech geeks vakagonesa makambani zana kuti agadzire showo kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvavo (panguva iyoyo muNew York), CES ikozvino yave yakanaka inosanganisira anopfuura mazana mana nemazana mana emakambani ekuratidzira, kusanganisira zana nemazana maviri ekutanga, anokwezva. mamwe ematarenda epamusoro epasirese mumatekinoroji evatengi.

Vanosvika 175,000 vashanyi (nyanzvi) vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matanhatu vakapfuura pakati paNdira 7 na10 kuCES 2020, izvo zvakaitika munzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana dzeLas Vegas Convention Center (iyo iri kuwedzerwa kuitira 2021 fair). Iko kufungidzirwa kwehupfumi hwechiitiko ichi madhora mazana maviri nemakumi masere nemazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora pahupfumi hwenyika yeNevada.

Nguva dzinoshanduka...

Kune mutori wenhau aiwanzo vhara salons kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, kufamba kubva kuchirango uye orthodox auto show kuenda kuCES kunoda kumwe kudzokorora.

Iko kunowanzo kurongeka nzvimbo dzekuratidzira, dzakamira dzine zvikwangwani zvakamira uye, kazhinji, mharidzo imwe chete inoitika panguva, kuCES tine nzvimbo nhatu dzakakura (Tech East, Tech West neTech South).

Nyorera kune tsamba yedu

Izvi zvinosanganisira mahotera makuru eumbozha uye nzvimbo dzekupaka (ine yakazara pasi nzvimbo ye280 000 m2) uko mameseji uye nzira dzekutaurirana dzinosiyana zvakanyanya sezvigadzirwa zvinoratidzwa.

CES 2020

Chiitiko chinoramba chichikura

Rondedzero yezvigadzirwa zvinoonekwa kuCES zvinoramba zvichikura uye zvino zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvinopfuura makumi matatu zvechigadzirwa.

Pane zvese: 3D kudhinda, drones, hutano hwedhijitari, tekinoroji yemitambo, dzimba dzakangwara nemaguta, mitambo yemavhidhiyo inofambidzana, yakawedzera chokwadi, midziyo inobatwa nemaoko, hungwaru hwekudzora inzwi masisitimu, tekinoroji yemotokari (kubatanidzwa, kufambiswa kwemagetsi uye kutyaira kwakazvimirira) uye, makuru makuru epamusoro. yenguva, marobhoti uye 5G data kutapurirana.

CES ZF

(chaizvo) vatauri vakakosha

Mucherechedzo weCES ndiwo matauriro e "keynote", rudzi rwemusangano wevatori venhau wakatora nguva inopfuura awa, wakanangana nemukuru wekambani yereferensi uye uyo gore rino zvakare aive nevakuru vakuru veSamsung, Delta Airlines kana mwanasikana waPresident Trump. pakati pevamwe vatungamiri vane mukurumbira.

Mumwe wavo akanga ari Ola Kallenius, purezidhendi weMercedes-Benz. Pakupera kwekutaura kwake, Ola Kallenius aindiudza kuti makore gumi apfuura, apo kambani yake yakatanga kuoneka kuCES, varatidziri kubva kumapato echinyakare tekinoroji evatengi vaive vakatarisa padivi sekunge vaisatendera kuuya kwemumwe munhu. bato.

DAIMLER CES 2020
Ola Kallenius, Mutungamiriri weMercedes-Benz panguva yake "Keynote" kutaura.

Motokari iri pachiedza

Indasitiri yemotokari haisi, zvisinei, inongoonekwa mukati mezvinyorwa pasi pezita rambotaurwa "Tekinoroji yeMotokari". Asi, inoridzwa zvakananga neinosvika hafu yemamwe mapoka (3D kudhinda, augmented and virtual reality, audio, communications infrastructure, hardware/software, digital/online media, cyber security, sensors, smart homes, startups, devices wireless, 5G, marobhoti, nezvimwewo).

CES Digital kusimba

Iyi izano rekutanga kuitira kuti tinzwisise kuti sei mota iri kuwedzera kukosha uye kuwedzera kutarisisa pakutanga kwekarenda yeLas Vegas, ichikwezva zvakanyanya kupfuura "mafaro emota" ayo anowanzo kuumba ruzhinji rwevanhu. vashanyi kumasaroni emotokari pasi rese.

Uye ichi chinhanho chitsva chemotokari chatova chimiro chisingamisiki, sekuzivikanwa neDetroit Auto Show yakarasikirwa ne "hondo" kuCES uye yakazvipira kushandura zuva kusvika June, izvo zvinoitika kekutanga muna 2020. , mushure memakore 31 e "kuvhura kurwisana" muchikamu chemotokari pakutanga kwegore rega rega rekarenda.

Asi kunyangwe tikafunga kukura kwekukosha kwetekinoroji yemotokari mune yakatetepa pfungwa yeizwi, zviri pachena kuti zvakawanda zvachinja kuCES, iyo kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika yaive nechimiro senge yazvino mbozhanhare, mitambo yekunyaradza, tsanangudzo yepamusoro. terevhizheni, nezvimwewo...

Gore rino takanga tine mota mumasitendi aigona kutora hafu yegumi nemaviri nhandare dzenhabvu, 50% kudarika muna 2016 uye uko tekinoroji yekutyaira yakange yakatanhamara kupfuura Lady Gaga mune mega neon strip, mugwagwa une mukurumbira munzvimbo ino. Disneyland yevakuru .

Autonomous kutyaira: ichangoburwa "kuchema kwefashoni"

Sekureva kweBoston Consulting Group, bhizinesi re "self-drive cars" iri rinotarisirwa kukura kusvika pamabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora / gore panosvika 2025, uye rinogona kumiririra chikamu chechina chekutengeswa kwemotokari pasi rose makore gumi gare gare.

Ndosaka mabhureki ese aratidza, mumakore achangopfuura, pfungwa yekukasira kusaina zvibvumirano uye kushanduka kuburikidza nemapfupi kuti vachengetedze chikamu chavo chemusika, kunyangwe chikamu ichi chisingakwanisi kunyatsoita chokwadi kudzamara, pakati pevamwe, vemitemo vatora matanho.

Uye zvakafanana kune mamwe maitiro matsva akadai semichina yekudzidza (artificial intelligence), iyo iri kusangana nekuzvarwa kwechipiri muzana remakore rechi21, apo nzira dzekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa ruzivo pakupedzisira dzinovabvumira kuchinja vanhu nenzira iyo yakanga isiri '. t inogoneka mukutanga kwayo mukurumbira muma90s.

Amazon "pakurwisa"

Munguva pfupi, Amazon yakazivisa kudyidzana kwakasainwa nemhando dzinoverengeka dzemotokari kuti dzibatanidzwe neiyo Alexa voice/personal assistant control system.

MunaNovember, General Motors ndiye akatanga kuzivisa kubatanidzwa kuzere kwemubatsiri wezwi mumhando dzayo dzemashure-2018, nepo kutanga kwemagetsi Rivian achaita chimwe chinhu chakafanana mumhando dzayo mbiri dzekutanga, iyo R1S uye R1T, iyo inotengeswa mu2020.

CES Mob

Munguva yeCES 2020, takadzidzawo kuti Huracán Evo ichave yekutanga Lamborghini kuve nemidziyo yakafanana, zvakare gore rino. Muna Kukadzi 2020, Echo Auto mudziyo uchatangwa muEurope kuitira kuti zvikwanise kuve nemubatsiri mumotokari kunyangwe mumhando dzisina chibvumirano neAmazon.

Audi AI: INI ine inopindirana pani

Yakanga iri imwe yenyeredzi dzeShanghai Motor Show muna Kubvumbi wegore rapfuura, asi ikozvino Audi yakapa iyo AI: ME neakawanda "empathic" yemukati inoita kuti iwe ugadzire chiitiko chaicho chevaviri vanogara zvigaro zvepamberi kana mota. kutyaira.

Audi AI: INI

Kune rimwe divi, ikozvino yakashongedzerwa tekinoroji yekutevera maziso kudzora iyo yemunhu-muchina interface. Zvakare nyowani yaive musoro-kumusoro 3D kuratidzwa kweiyo yakasanganiswa chokwadi mukati meiyo pfungwa yekubatanidza iyo chaiyo uye chaiyo inozoratidza makore gumi aya.

Audi AI_ME CES

BMW i3 Urban Suite: ahhhhhhhh!

Maitiro acho ndeekuti mukati memotokari muwedzere kuve makamuri ekugara kana nzvimbo dzebasa, zvichienderana nevagari, mazuva kana maawa ezuva.

CES BMW i3

Iyo i3 Urban Suite, iyo BMW yakagadzira zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu chete zvaitakura vaenzi veCES 2020 kuenda pakati peguta, haina chigaro chemutyairi chepamberi chinobvumira kuseri kwekurudyi kutambanudza makumbo zvizere uye kuamisa pamusoro perutsigiro rweottoman.

CES BMW i3

Pane kunyange retractable monitor padenga pamberi pako kuona mafirimu paNetflix kana terevhizheni uye vatauri akavakirwa headrest pachayo, ingava yokuteerera mimhanzi kana runhare.

Mamwe maapplication emapuranga, mwenje diki simbi uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvemidziyo kana yekuchaja zvishandiso zvinopedzisa "boutique" nharaunda yeI3 Urban Suite iyo BMW haisati yaziva kana ichizogadzira munhevedzano.

Bosch haina kujeka

Kana zuva richipenya kubva kumberi uye munzvimbo yakaderera, kuisa visor yezuva munzvimbo yakatwasuka inovhara chikamu chakakosha chemunda wekuona wemutyairi, izvo zvisina kuchengeteka. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, mutengesi mukuru wepasirese kuindasitiri yemotokari akagadzira LCD panel inoonekera uye kamera pavisor kutsiva iyo inowanzoiswa kune chero mota.

CES Bosch 2

Chiso chekuona chiso chinoshandiswa kutevera kutarisa kwemutyairi uye kuvhara chiedza chezuva chakananga (artificial intelligence inoshandiswa kuona mativi chaiwo echiso, semeso, mhino nemuromo, kuona nzvimbo iyo kana mimvuri yagadzirwa).

CES Bosch 3

Kune rimwe divi, kune akajeka hexagonal pixels kubvumira kufamba kwedhijitari kwenzvimbo dzine shaded muchiratidziro kuti ikwanise kutevedzera mutyairi akatarisa.

Byton M-Byte kusvika

Chigadzirwa chemotokari yemagetsi yeChinese, yakaratidza pfungwa yayo yekutanga kuCES makore maviri apfuura, yaunza vhezheni yayo yekupedzisira-yekugadzira mugwenga reNevada, mwedzi mishoma isati yatanga kuitengesa kuChina uye ichangosvika. United States of America neEurope, kutanga kwa2021.

Byton M-Byte

Iyo M-Byte ndiyo yekutanga yemotokari idzo mhando inotungamirwa naDaniel Kirchert inopa se "midziyo yepakati peiyo ecosystem yatinogara tese", nekuda kweiyi ine hombe 48" skrini inotambanukira muhupamhi hwese dashboard. panel.

CES Byton

Chrysler anogadzirira ramangwana Pacifica

Chrysler akatora zita kubva kune yayo 1930s modhi yekupa iyo nyowani Airflow pfungwa inotarisira anotsiva kuPacifica minivan, inoratidzwa paCES 2020 mune embryonic fomu.

Iyo inoshongedzerwa nemasikirini akati wandei uye inobvumira chiitiko chemunhu kune mumwe nemumwe wevanogara, kuitira kuti munhu wese ave nechiitiko chakanaka pabhodhi panguva yerwendo.

FCA Airflow

Nzvimbo yemukati yakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvigaro zvechigaro chekutsigira chimwe chete panzvimbo pechinyakare njanji, pamwe chete nezvigaro zvishoma. Simbiso zvakare pamusoro pekutarisira kunotorwa mukugadzira iyo yemukati yekuvhenekesa sisitimu kuti ienderane kune akasiyana marudzi emamiriro uye vashandisi.

Faurecia anobatsira kupfuudza nguva

Ongororo yakaitwa naFaurecia, pakati pa2016 na2018, yakaona kuti ingangoita hafu (46%) yevakapindura vakati, kana vakanamira mumigwagwa yemigwagwa, chainyanya kukosha kwaive kushandisa nguva yavo.

Naizvozvo, kusarudzika kweiyo onboard ruzivo uye kuchinjika kwehunyanzvi hutsva kumutengi wega wega kwakava pakati pezvinonetsa zvemutengesi weFrance.

CES Faurecia

Idzo mota dzakaratidzwa paCES 2020 dzakange dzakashongedzerwa neruzha rwekunyudza masisitimu, bhaisikopo nemitambo chaiyo, izvo zvatingangosvika pakuziva muchikamu chekugadzira mumotokari yakatevedzana-yakagadzirwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Fisker back to charge

Mugadziri wemotokari (anozivikanwa, pakati pemamwe mabasa, eBMW Z8 mukupera kwema90s) akagadzira brand ine zita rake, asi nguva dzave dzisiri nyore: kunyangwe mapurojekiti akati wandei, Karma chete ndiyo yakagadzirwa munhevedzano. ”.

fisher ocean

Pamberi peOcean yake, SUV yemagetsi ine 80 kWh bhatiri inozivisa huwandu hunosvika 500 km, Henrik Fisker anoratidza nekuzvikudza kusingazivikanwe maitiro makuru emotokari, iyo, anovimbisa, ichave yakavimbiswa kugadzirwa kwemirioni imwe. mayunitsi, kutanga kubva mukupera kwegore rinouya, nekutakura kunoitika kutanga kwa2022.

Iyo Ocean, iyo ichange iine mutengo weUS $ 38,000 muUnited States, ine solar panel padenga inogona kuwedzera kureba kwayo kusvika 1500 km / gore uye inoshandisa chikuva chitsva icho Henry Fisker anovimbisa kuti chichashandiswa mune mamwe maviri. ramangwana.mienzaniso.

Honda inoda kugovera kutonga

Ichiziva kuti pfungwa yekupfuura kutonga kwemotokari kune robhoti haifadze vanhu vazhinji, Honda yakagadzira mota yepfungwa ine chikamu chekubatanidza genes e "nice" yemagetsi Honda E uye inoshandurwa, asi ine innovative steering vhiri chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvinonakidza.

CES Honda

Iyo Augmented Driving Concept iri muchimiro chedhisiki uye iri nechepakati yakaiswa pane dashboard, kuitira kuti anogara kuruboshwe kana kurudyi akwanise kusvika kwairi pasina kuoma.

Kuti utange unofanirwa kubaya dhisiki kaviri, kuti udzike unongo dhonza zvishoma uye kana pfungwa iri yekuwana kukurumidza, kusunda kunokwana. Hapana pedals. Iyo inozvimiririra yekutyaira system inogara yakasvinura uye yakagadzirira kudzosa matomu painongodzoserwa kwauri.

Hyundai neUber vanosimuka

Vagadziri vemotokari vakati wandei vari kushanda nemakambani ane ruzivo mukufamba nendege kuti vagadzire yavo yekutanga VTOL, acronym inotsanangura mota dzinokwanisa kusimudza mudenga nekumhara, kuti dzishandiswe sematekisi mune ramangwana risiri kure-kure (chidzidzo chakaitwa nePorsche Consulting. inonongedzera kudhorobha rekutakura mhepo chikamu kutanga kuita chimwe chiitiko kubva 2025).

CES Hyundai

Hyundai yakabatana neUber kubatanidza chirongwa chayo cheAir Taxis nekugadzira maVTOL ayo anozoshandiswa nevekufambisa mabasa ekutanga - dzidza zvakawanda nezvekudyidzana uku uye Hyundai S-A1 nekuwana chinyorwa chiri pasi apa.

Jeep inobatanidza kune ikozvino

Iyo Wrangler, Renegade uye Compass modhi ichave yekutanga muJeep renji kuve neshanduro yakasanganiswa ine yekunze recharging izvo zvichaitika mukati megore ra2020 (uye zvinozivikanwa kuti chinangwa ndechekuti panosvika 2022 ese maJeep achange aine hybrid version yekunze recharge).

Jeep Wrangler PHEV

Aya mamodheru anogashira logo ye4XE asi hapana ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakaburitswa (kuzvimirira, mabhatiri, injini yepeturu, nezvimwewo). Kutanga kwayo kwepamutemo kuchaitika kuSalons muGeneva (Wrangler) uye New York (Compass uye Renegade).

Land Rover yagara yakabatana

Iyo ichangoburwa Defender ichave yakashongedzerwa, kutanga chitubu chinotevera, ine yakanyanya simba yekubatanidza arsenal, ine maviri modem uye maviri eSIMs (rudzi rwemagetsi memory chip).

Land Rover Defender

Imwe yemamodemu uye eSIMS yakanangana neJaguar Land Rover uye inoshandira kuti mota igamuchire, pamusoro pemhepo (OTA kana Over The Air), software inogadziridza inoitwa neBritish brand (hapana chikonzero chekufamba kuenda kune mutengesi), iyo chechipiri ichakupa iwe zvachose kuwana kwekutepfenyura mimhanzi uye maapplication.

Mercedes Avatar

Imwezve yekuwedzera yeimba yekutandarira kana hofisi, asi nekunatswa kwakashata: Chiratidzo AVTR chakafuridzirwa nezvisikwa zvepasirese renyika yePandora, uko chiitiko che2009 bhaisikopo Avatar chinoitika, imwe yemabhokisi makuru hofisi inorova. munhoroondo ye7th art.

CES 2020 Mercedes-Benz Vision AVTR

Iye director pachake, Canadian James Cameron, aive pachikuva papasirese achifumura iyi pfungwa yeramangwana kuCES 2020, ine chinangwa chekugadzira hukama hutsva pakati pemunhu nemuchina, kuda kubatanidza izvo zviviri.

Motokari haina magonhi akabatanidzwa kana mahwindo, haina chidhiraivho kana pedals, uye inodzorwa nespongy interface, ine organic kutaridzika uye kunzwa, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ukurumidze, kubhureki uye kutendeuka, asi iyo zvakare inobata kurova kwemoyo kuburikidza nechanza. yeruoko rwemushandisi, izvo zvinogadzira kunzwa kuti imhenyu, mukuwedzera pakuita kuti kusanganisa pakati pemunhu nemuchina kuve pachena.

CES 2020 Mercedes-Benz Vision AVTR

Iyo dashboard inoshanda senzvimbo yekufungidzira yemugwagwa kana yemitambo/mafirimu, uye inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nekufamba kwechanza cheruoko uko kwakasiyana-siyana mabasa aripo anofungidzirwa.

Ipfungwa inogona kuve yenguva refu yechokwadi, kuzvitonga kutyaira, kudzikama kwemukati uye kwakanyatso kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza (maererano neyakagadzirwa zvinhu uye kudzokorodza), magetsi uye anobvumira nhevedzano yezvakawanda zvinowanzoitika pa-bhodhi kana isu tiri kurarama. kamuri kana kusevha internet.

CES 2020 Mercedes-Benz Vision AVTR

Mhepo yezvinokambaira inosimbiswazve nemavharuvhu makumi matatu nematatu emhepo ane "zvikero" zvakavakwa mu "kumashure" kweAVTR (iyo inofamba nekureba kwayo uye kuchinjika kumhanyisa) uye nekugona kufamba mumadiagonals nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekufamba kwemavhiri.

CES 2020 Mercedes-Benz Vision AVTR

Izvo zvisinganyanyi kukosha, zvakapihwa hunhu hweAVTR, ndeye 110 kWh bhatiri renji, iyo inovimbisa kuvhara mazana manomwe emakiromita pachaji imwechete (senge EQS, neimwe nzira zvichireva kuti ndiyo yakafanana simba accumulator seyemagetsi limousine inoita. rova musika kunyangwe 2021 isati yapera.

Nissan ine 4×4 yemagetsi

Nissan yekutanga yemagetsi crossover inotarisirwa kusvika mumusika weNorth America gore rinouya.

Kubva pane pfungwa yeAriya (nyika yakatanga kuratidzwa kuTokyo Motor Show muna Gumiguru apfuura, panguva iyoyo isina kuburitsa chero ruzivo rwehunyanzvi), inoshandirwa neiyo itsva 4 × 4 electric system (e-4ORCE), nekuda kwekuvapo kwemagetsi. mota per shaft - izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudhadhadhata chaiyo torque inounzwa yakazvimiririra kune rimwe nerimwe remavhiri mana (kumberi nekumashure kana kudivi rega rega reekisi imwe chete).

Nissan Ariya

Nissan Ariya

Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemitambo yakatanhamara sezvo kukurumidza kubva pa0 kusvika pa100 km/h mumasekonzi mashanu kunoita kuti zvive pachena. Nekudaro, kuti usvike pakuzvimiririra kwakavimbiswa kwe500 km zvichave zvakakodzera kutyaira zvakadzikama…

Sony inopinda mujaho remarobhoti

Sony's Vision-S Concept yaive imwe yeakanyanya kushamisika mumhando yemota iyo yakachengeterwa isu neCES 2020.

Sony Vision-S Pfungwa

Yakagadziridzwa mukubatana neBenteler, Bosch uye Continental (kugadzirisa kushaya kwavo ruzivo rwemotokari), iyi yemagetsi sedan ichubhu yekuyedza pamavhiri yekuyedza tekinoroji yekutyaira, ichishongedzerwa nema sensor asingasviki makumi matatu nematatu, kusanganisira mufananidzo, ruzha, chiedza uye chinhambwe (iyo Lidar ine simba).

Kupfuura kusiya chivimbiso chekuve mugadziri wemotokari, Sony inotarisira kuvandudza tekinoroji yayo uye tekinoroji, yatora mukana wekushongedza iyo Vision-S Concept neyakaomerwa zvakanyanya mukati-ndege varaidzo masisitimu anoshandisa space audio tekinoroji.

Sony Vision-S Pfungwa
Pakazara iyo Sony prototype ine gumi nemaviri kamera.

Zvisinei nekureba kwayo 4.9 m uye huremu hwe2350 kg, injini dzayo mbiri 272 hp dzinokwanisa kuigadzira kusvika ku240 km/h, nekutanga kumhanya kunosvika 100 km/h kwakapera muchidimbu 4.8s.

Toyota inogadzira bvunzo guta

Mukati megore, kuvakwa kweguta rekutyaira kunotanga, ne71 ha (nzvimbo ye100 nhandare yenhabvu), iyo ichashanda semhando yerabhoritari yekudzidza kweguta remangwana rakavakirwa pahydrogen nemagetsi.

CES Toyota

Toyota haizoshandisi guinea nguruve, asi vanhu: vanenge 2000 (vashandi vekambani, vakaroorana vakasiya basa, vatengesi vezvitoro uye masayendisiti) avo, kubva ku2025, vanogona kuenda kuWoven City, iyo inotanga kuitika patsoka dzayo yeMount Fuji, Japan, kusvika muna 2021.

Akio Toyoda, purezidhendi weboka reJapan, anodzivirira chirongwa ichi nechido chikuru uye anotsanangura kuti zvose zvakaitika sei: “takanga tichizovhara fekitari pedyo neGomo reFuji uye takafunga kuti zvaizova zvinofadza zvikuru kushandisa nzvimbo iyoyo kuti tiedze iyo isingachinjiki. mhinduro - dzekufamba uye pekugara - munzvimbo imwechete, seyechokwadi ecosystem".

CES Toyota

Zvivakwa, zvakagadzirirwa naBjarke Ingels, mumwe wevagadziri vane mukurumbira pasi rose, achagadzirwa nematanda anowanikwa pasina kabhoni emissions uye matenga azvo akafukidzwa nemagetsi ezuva kuti aenderane nesimba rinogadzirwa nehydrogen mafuta maseru.

CES Toyota

Mudzimba pachava nemarobhoti ekubatsira vagari uye kunze kwenyika mhando nhatu dzemigwagwa: imwe yemotokari dzinokurumidza (chete inozvimiririra uye yemagetsi, mamwe ayo anozivikanwa Toyota e-Palette anogona kushandiswa kutakura vanhu kana zvinhu), imwe chete yevanofamba netsoka uye yakasanganiswa yakachengeterwa nzira dzinononoka dzekufamba nevanofamba netsoka.

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