Mujaho wekuisa magetsi emotokari unoba mazita ese. Asi kuseri kwezviitiko isu tiri kupupurira kubuda kwemaitiro matsva mumajini ekupisa mukati. Nditende, kusvikira tasvika panzvimbo iyo motokari yemagetsi ndiyo inowanzoitika, ticharamba tichivimba nejini inopisa mukati memakumi mashoma emakore ari kuuya - tichave pano kuti tione. Uye nekudaro, injini yekupisa inoramba ichikodzera kutariswa kwedu.
Uye mushure memakore nemakore einjini dzinogara dziri diki - dzinonzi kudzikisira - isu tinogona kunyatsoona chiitiko chinopesana. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuwedzera, kureva, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweinjini.
Injini dzinogona kukura here? Sei?
Tinotenda kune mitsva yekuyedza WLTP uye RDE iyo yakatanga kushanda munaSeptember uye iyo motokari itsva dzose dzichafanira kubvumirwa nemutemo munaSeptember 2018. Parizvino, dzinongoshanda kune mienzaniso yakatangwa kubva munaSeptember 1, 2017.IWLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure) yakatsiva zvakananga NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), iyo yakaramba isina kuchinja kubvira 1997. kushandiswa uye kubudiswa kwehurumende kuchawedzera.
Asi kukanganisa kweWLTP hakufananidzi neiyo yeRDE (Real Driving Emissions). Izvi zvinodaro nekuti bvunzo dzinoitwa mumugwagwa uye kwete murabhoritari, pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Mune mamwe mazwi, mota ichafanirwa kuratidza hunhu hunowanikwa murabhoritari munzira.
Uye apa ndipo chaipo panotangira matambudziko einjini madiki. Nhamba dzakajeka: sezvo injini dzakarasa simba, mutsauko wakawedzera pakati pehuwandu hwepamutemo uye chaihwo. Kana muna 2002 mutsauko wepakati waingova 5% chete, muna 2015 wakapfuura 40%.
Isa imwe yeidzi injini diki kuti dziedzwe zvinoenderana nemaitiro akaiswa neWLTP neRDE uye pamwe yaisazowana chitupa chekutengesa.
Hapana chinotsiva kutama
Izwi rinozivikanwa reAmerica rinoreva chimwe chinhu sekuti "hapana chinotsiva huwandu hweinjini". Mamiriro ekutaura aya ane zvishoma kana kuti haana chekuita nekutsvaga kugona kukuru kana kupasa bvunzo, asi nekuwana kuita. Asi, zvinoshamisa, zvichida ndiyo inonyatsoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enguva yemberi.
Peter Guest, maneja wechirongwa cheBentley Bentayga, anoona kuti panogona kuve nekushandurwa kwemaitiro emakore achangopfuura, kwatichaona injini dzine huwandu hukuru uye mashoma revs. Uye rangarira muenzaniso kubva kumba:
ndiyo iri nyore kupasa hutsi hutsva uye bvunzo dzekushandisa. Nekuti injini ine simba repamusoro isingatenderere zvakanyanya.
Ngatiyeukei kuti Mulsanne anoshandisa "ekusingaperi" 6.75 litre V8. Iine maviri turbos, asi pakupedzisira iyo chaiyo simba inongova 76 hp / l - zvinoreva 513 hp pane placid 4000 rpm. Kunyangwe nekuziva akati wandei tekinoroji evolutions, inongova imwechete block yakagadzirwa mukutanga kwe50's.
NA vs Turbo
Imwe nyaya inoratidza kuti nzira inogona kunge iri mukuwedzera cubic centimita uye pamwe kusiya turbos inobva kuMazda. Chigadzirwa cheJapan chakaramba chiri "kudadisa" chete - tanga tichinyora izvi kwemwedzi yakawanda - nekubuda mukudzikisira tichifarira chizvarwa chitsva chezvakasikwa (NA) injini, ine yakakwira compression reshiyo uye pamusoro peavhareji kutamiswa - kodzero , sezvakataurwa nechiratidzo.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti Mazda inoratidzika kunge iri munzvimbo iri nani yekutarisana nemiedzo mitsva. Kusiyana kunowanikwa mumainjini avo kazhinji kwakadzikira pane kunowanikwa mumainjini madiki eturbo. Sezvauri kuona patafura pazasi:
| Car | Motor | Official Average Consumption (NEDC) | Kudyiwa chaiko* | Kusiyana |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ford Focus | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 l/100 km | 6.68 l/100 km | 42.12% |
| Mazda 3 | 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 l/100 km | 6.60 l/100 km | 29.4% |
*Data: Spritmonitor
Kunyangwe zvakapetwa kaviri huwandu hweinjini ye2.0 SKYACTIV-G, ichikanganisa kushandiswa kwepamutemo uye kuburitsa pasi peNEDC kutenderera, inofanana neFord's 1.0 litre Ecoboost mumamiriro chaiwo. Injini yeFord 1.0 Ecoboost inopedza mari here? Aiwa, yakasununguka uye ndinokumbira. Nekudaro, mukutenderera kweNEDC inokwanisa kuwana mukana usipo mu "nyika chaiyo".
Nekupinda kweWLTP neRDE, zvese zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kuona kuwedzera kwehunhu hunokosha, asi zvisinei nemhinduro yetekinoroji yakasarudzwa, zvinoita sekunge kuchine basa rakaoma rakawanda kuderedza kusawirirana kwazvino.
Usatarisire vavaki vachamhanya vachibuda muinjini dzazvino. Mari yese yakaitwa haigone kuraswa. Asi isu tinofanira kutarisa shanduko: mamwe mabhuroki, kunyanya madiki e900 uye 1000 cm3 anogona kuwana imwe 100 kusvika 200 cm3 uye turbos achaona kudzvinyirira kwavo kuderedzwa kana kutotsinhana kune madiki.
Zvisinei nekutekeshera kwemagetsi, kwatinofanira kuona kukurumidza kuwedzera kwe48V mild-hybrids (semi-hybrids), chinangwa chemhinduro iyi chinenge chiri chekutevedzera mitemo yakaomesesa yekuburitsa seEuro6C uye kubatsira kusvika paavhareji yakatemerwa CO2 emission level kune vavaki. . Kushandisa uye kuburitsa kunofanirwa kudonha, hongu, asi maitiro einjini yekupisa yemukati, pachayo, anofanirwa kuve akanyanya kuomarara kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo mbiri, WLTP neRDE, ipfuure. Nguva dzinonakidza dziri kurarama.