Kwishyiriraho ibiciro bya Homogenous Ignition (HCCI) . Amagambo ahinnye yagiye agaragara muri Autopédia da Razão Automóvel mumezi make ashize. Ingero zimwe:
- Mazda irimo gukora kuri moteri nshya idakenera amashanyarazi
- Nigute moteri ya HCCI ya Mazda idafite amashanyarazi ikora?
- Mazda yongeye guhinduka. Menya moteri nshya ya SKYACTIV-X
Muri 2018 tuzahindura incamake HCCI tuyindi: SPCCI. Kuki? Igisubizo kizagaragara nyuma yinyandiko.
Reka dusubiremo ingingo
Nkuko twabyanditse kare, ikoranabuhanga HCCI (gutwikwa na compression hamwe na homogeneous charge) biremera moteri ya lisansi izunguruka itagira amashanyarazi . Icyamamare litany (kimaze ibinyejana byinshi…): kwinjira, kwikuramo, guturika no kunanirwa.
Nka moteri ya mazutu, moteri ya lisansi hamwe na tekinoroji ya HCCI igitutu kivanze niko gutwikwa gukururwa udakoresheje amashanyarazi.
Abubatsi benshi bagerageje gukora moteri ya lisansi ishoboka hamwe nikoranabuhanga, rihuza ibyiza bya Diesel (torque, reaction-re-reaction nubukungu bwa lisansi) hamwe na moteri nziza ya Otto cycle (ingufu, imikorere nibisohoka), ariko ntanumwe ubikora . byagezweho kubera ibibazo biri muri iki gisubizo - nzabisobanura nyuma.
Ntamuntu, usibye bamwe banyacyubahiro binangiye bakorera hariya kuruhande rwa Hiroshima. Abo banyacyubahiro bakomeje gushora imari muri moteri ya Wankel, banga kugabanya moteri kandi bakemeza badashidikanya ko mbere y’amashanyarazi y’imodoka, hakiri “umutobe” mwinshi ugomba gukurwa kuri moteri ishaje. Ba nyakubahwa (nkuko mumaze kubitekereza…) ni injeniyeri ya Mazda.
Mwaramutse! kuri SPCCI (Spark Controled Compression Ignition)
Mugihe amakuru asohotse, tumenya amakuru arambuye kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rishya rizaba mu gisekuru cya kabiri cya moteri ya Mazda SKYACTIV - guhera muri 2019.
Iyaruka rya kabiri rya moteri ya Mazda izitwa SKYACTIV-X kandi isezeranya gutanga ibyiza bya Diesel hamwe na moteri nziza ya lisansi muri moteri imwe gusa:
Nkuko byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe mumyaka yashize, abajenjeri ba Hiroshima bakomeje kwemeza amahitamo yabo. Kandi muri iri shoramari, havutse ikoranabuhanga SPCCI .
Ariko ntibyiswe HCCI?
Nibyo, byiswe HCCI, ariko iryo koranabuhanga ntabwo ryakoreye intego za Mazda. Ikoranabuhanga rya HCCI rifite ikibazo gikomeye: ikora gusa mubihe byiza byo gukoresha (ivugurura rito, ubushyuhe buke hamwe nigitutu gihoraho cyikirere). Bitabaye ibyo, ibintu bizwi nka "pre-detonation" bibaho, bigabanya cyane imikorere yumuriro kandi bikabangamira ubwizerwe bwa moteri.Niyo mpamvu ikirango cyateje imbere ikoranabuhanga rya SPCCI, ritandukanya na HCCI kuko rishobora kugera aho rigarukira, mugihe witabaje kumacomeka no kubindi bikoresho (ibyo tuzabiganiraho nyuma…) kugenzura umwanya wo gutwika, nubwo ihame ryakazi ari rimwe.
Kubwibyo, bitandukanye nibyatangajwe mumezi make ashize, natwe, Moteri ya SKYACTIV-X izaba ifite amashanyarazi. Imikorere yikoranabuhanga rya SPCCI irerekanwa neza muriyi videwo:
Nkuko mubibona, ihame ryakazi riroroshye. Ariko, irangizwa riragoye kuruta uko bigaragara.
Muri make, tekinoroji ya SPCCI ikora kuburyo bukurikira: Umuhengeri wambere wumwuka mubi / lisansi utera inshinge, kugirango ukorwe cyane kuruta muri moteri zisanzwe utabanje gutwikwa (iyo imvange iturika mbere yingingo nziza).
Mu mwanya wa kabiri, umuhengeri wa kabiri wa lisansi hamwe nuruvange rwinshi ruterwa inshinge iruhande rwumucyo, hanyuma ECU itanga urumuri rwaka. unyuze mubipimo byagenzuwe muricyo gihe nyacyo (ubushyuhe, igitutu, umwuka / lisansi ivanze, nibindi). Muri kano kanya, ivangwa ryumwuka / lisansi rihura nigitutu kinini kuburyo imvange irashya, ntabwo hafi yicyuma cyaka gusa, ahubwo ako kanya mugice cyose cyaka.
Hano niho itandukaniro riri. Uru ruhererekane rwibyabaye rutera abantu bahuje ibitsina, byihuse kandi neza gutwika imvange yose. Muyandi magambo, gutwikwa byihuse kugerwaho, aho imirimo myinshi ikorwa hamwe na lisansi nkeya, hamwe no gukora imyuka mibi yangiza nka NOx (okiside ya azote).
Muri moteri ya lisansi ishingiye gusa kumashanyarazi, guturika biratinda, bibaho gusa hafi yicyuma, hamwe numuriro ukwirakwira mucyumba gisigaye cyaka.
Birasa nkibyoroshye, ariko iyi nzira yose yavuye mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwimyitwarire ya gaze mucyumba cyo gutwika no guteza imbere ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byateye imbere. Igenzura ryibyabaye mugihe cyo gutwikwa ni kinini kuburyo Mazda ibasha guhindura igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa moteri bitewe nigihe cyo gutwika icyuma. Nk? Gukora igitutu cyumuvuduko muburyo bunyuranye kuri piston ukoresheje umwanya wo gutwika.
Gukemura ikibazo hamwe no kugenzura umuriro ...
… Mazda yari ikeneye gushakisha igisubizo kugirango umwuka / lisansi ivanze muri moteri ihoraho kandi ihagije, hatitawe kumuvuduko wikirere. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine tekinoroji ya SPCCI, itandukanye nibibaho hamwe na tekinoroji ya HCCI, ishobora gukora muburyo bwose bwo kuzunguruka no mubidukikije byinshi.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, Mazda izaha moteri ya SKYACTIV-X hamwe na compressor ya “lean” (Imizi-Ubwoko) ya compressor ikomeza gutuma umuvuduko winjira uhoraho. Na none, kugenzura ubushyuhe mucyumba cyaka bizakorwa na elegitoroniki igenzurwa na elegitoroniki. Muri ubu buryo, Mazda ishoboye kugenzura ibipimo byose bibangamira igihe cyo gutwika moteri binyuze mumugenzuzi ugenzura ibi hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya moteri (sensor, inshinge, nibindi).
Kurwanya umuriro ntangere?
Hamwe nisoko yikoranabuhanga, Mazda irashobora kugenzura uburyo, igihe no mubihe bisabwa ni uko gutwika (ingufu zumuriro) zihinduka mukigenda (ingufu za kinetic). Ntagushidikanya ko ari ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe, kuri revolisiyo zirenga 6000 kumunota! Kandi hano, ndumva ndi muri 3000 BC, ndacyafite ikibazo cyo gucana itanura ...
Dutegereje kugerageza moderi yambere hamwe na moteri ya SKYACTIV-X. Umukandida wambere wa moteri hamwe na tekinoroji ya SPCCI ni ab'igihe kizaza Mazda3 , izagera ku isoko muri 2019.
