IVolvo ineembali ezityebileyo kushishino lweemoto. Kwaye asithethi nje ngesiqendu se-sui generis esibandakanya isiseko sayo - abahlobo ababini kunye nelobster (khumbula apha). Ngokwendalo sithetha ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye neemodeli eziphawule imbali yayo.
Uzimiselo lwamadoda amabini lwakwazi njani ukuba nempembelelo enjalo kwishishini elalilawulwa ngamandla amakhulu? Impendulo ilandela kwimigca elandelayo.
Sagqiba inxalenye yokuqala yale minyaka engama-90 ye-Volvo ekhethekileyo, sithetha nge-ÖV4 - eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Jakob" - imodeli yokuqala yokuvelisa i-brand yaseSweden. Kwaye kulapho sizakuqhuba khona. Olunye uhambo oluya kowe-1927? Masiyenze…
Iminyaka yokuqala (1927-1930)
Esi sahluko siza kuba side - iminyaka embalwa yokuqala ibinzima kakhulu njengoko ibinomdla.
Kunyaka wokuqala wokusebenza, iVolvo yakwazi ukuvelisa iiyunithi ezingama-297 ze-ÖV4. Imveliso yayinokuba phezulu - kwakungekho ukunqongophala kwee-odolo. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho we-brand kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo komgangatho wamacandelo abonelelwa ziinkampani zangaphandle kubangele uthintelo oluthile ekwandiseni imveliso.
“Saseka iVolvo ngo-1927 kuba sasikholelwa ukuba akukho mntu uvelisa iimoto ezithembekileyo nezikhuselekileyo ngokwaneleyo”
Ku-Assar Gabrielsson esona sisongelo kukwandiswa kweVolvo yayingekuko ukuthengisa – leyo yayiyeyona ngxaki incinci. Imiceli mngeni emikhulu yohlobo olutsha lwaseSweden yayiluzinzo lwemveliso kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa.
Ngexesha apho iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso zazisezingxaki kakhulu kwaye umbono wenkonzo emva kokuthengisa uyinto emangazayo, kuyaphawuleka ukubona ukuba iVolvo sele inazo ezi nkxalabo. Masiqale nge ingxaki yozinzo kwimveliso.
Ngokubhekiselele koku, kuya kuba ngumdla ukukhumbula isiqendu esivezwe ngu-Assar Gabrielsson kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Imbali ye-30 yeminyaka yeVolvo".
Njengoko sele sibhale kwinxalenye yokuqala yale nto ikhethekileyo, u-Assar Gabrielsson wayesazi imboni yeemoto kwimbono yababoneleli njenge "intende yezandla zakhe". UGabrielsson wayesazi ukuba amandla amakhulu oshishino asebenzisa amacandelo esizwe kuphela - yayingumcimbi wezopolitiko kunye nebhongo lobuzwe.
Ngokomzekelo, i-brand yesiNgesi ayinakuze iphendukele kwii-carburetors zaseFransi, nangona ukwazi ukuba i-carburetors yesiFrentshi ingaba kumgangatho ongcono kuneBritish. Kwasebenza okufanayo kumaJamani okanye amaMelika - awayenemiqobo yokungenisa elizweni.
Kulo mba, njengakwamanye amaninzi, abasunguli beVolvo babenepragmatic. Ikhrayitheriya yokukhetha abathengisi bolu phawu yayingebubo ubuzwe. Ikhrayitheriya yayilula kwaye isebenza kakuhle: IVolvo yathenga kuphela izinto zayo kubaboneleli ababalaseleyo. Inqaku. Kusenjalo nanamhlanje. Ngaba abakholwa? Zama ukutyelela eli phepha lebhrendi kwaye ubone iikhrayitheriya ekufuneka uhlangabezane nazo. Imikhwa emidala ifa nzima...
EZIQHELEKILEYO: Iimoto zeVolvo zahlulwe ngokweenqobo zokuziphatha zeshishini
Enkosi kwesi sicwangciso IVolvo ifumene inzuzo ngeendlela ezimbini : (1) yandise ukukhuphisana kwayo nababoneleli bayo (ukufumana umda wothethathethwano); (2) bafumane eyona nxalenye ilungileyo yeemoto zabo.
Umba wesibini: inkonzo emva kokuthengisa . Enye yezinto ezininzi eziphembelele impumelelo yeVolvo ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala yayiyinkxalabo yayo kubathengi. UGustav Larson, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kweemodeli, wayesoloko ecinga ngenkxalabo eqhubekayo kunye nokuthembeka kweemodeli kunye nesantya kunye nokulula ukulungiswa.
Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso, iVolvo ikwazile ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana nokhuphiswano.
Isidima seVolvo sokuthembeka kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza sasasazeka kwimarike. Iinkampani zezothutho, zisazi ukuba 'ixesha yimali', zaqala ukucela iVolvo ukuba nayo ivelise izithuthi zorhwebo. AbakwaVolvo baphendule le mfuno "ngelori" evela kwi-ÖV4 - esele icingelwa ukusukela ngo-1926.
Ubuyazi lonto? Ukuza kuthi ga phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1950, imveliso yeVolvo yeelori kunye neebhasi yagqitha ukuveliswa kweemoto ezikhaphukhaphu.
Ngeli xesha, kwiibhodi zokuzoba zeVolvo, iqela lokuqala lobunjineli beliphuhlisa umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini ze-ÖV4. Imodeli yokuqala "yeposi-Jakob" yayiyiVolvo PV4 (1928), echazwe ngezantsi.
IVolvo PV4 kunye noMgaqo we-Weymann
Imodeli ethe yagqama kukhuphiswano ngenxa yobuchule bokwenza kushishino lokubhabha. I-chassis ye-PV4 yakhiwe ngeenxa zonke Umgaqo kaWeymann , indlela eyayiquka ukusebenzisa umthi onamaqhina anelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuvelisa ubume bemoto.
Enkosi kobu buchule, iPV4 yayikhaphukhaphu, ikhawuleza kwaye izolile kuneemoto ezininzi ngelo xesha. Kulo nyaka (1928), iVolvo ithengise iiyunithi ezingama-996 kwaye yavula umboniso wokuqala ngaphandle kweSweden. Yayibizwa ngokuba yiOy Volvo Auto AB kwaye yayizinze eHelsinki, eFinland.
Kunyaka olandelayo (1929) kwafika iinjini zokuqala ezine-cylinder ezintandathu ngokuhambelana nePV 651 kunye nezinto ezithathwe kuyo, kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo.
Ukongeza kwi-injini ye-silinda-cylinder e-in-line, enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kule modeli yayiyinkqubo yokuqhotsa amavili amane - oomatshini kwi-PV651 kunye ne-hydraulics kwi-PV652. Ukongeza kwiinkcukacha, i iinkampani zeeteksi waqala ukukhangela iimodeli zeVolvo. I-Volvo ivaliwe ngo-1929 kunye neenqwelo ze-1,383 ezithengisiweyo - yayiyiyo kunyaka wokuqala uphawu lwenze inzuzo.
Amahlandinyuka okuqala (1930-1940)
Kunyaka olandelayo, ngowe-1930, wawukwangunyaka wokwanda. I-brand yazisa imodeli yayo yokuqala enezihlalo ezisixhenxe, utatomkhulu weVolvo XC90 yangoku. Yayibizwa ngokuba TR671 (TR yayisishunqulelo segama tr esporte, i 6 ehambelana nenani leesilinda kunye ne 7 inani lezihlalo) ekusebenzeni yayiyinguqulelo ende yePV651.
Ngokukhula kwemveliso kunye nokunyuka kwengeniso, iVolvo yagqiba ekubeni ifumane umthengisi wenjini, iPentaverken. Inkampani ezinikele ekuveliseni iinjini kwiinjongo zaselwandle kunye nezoshishino - namhlanje ibizwa ngokuba IVolvo Penta . AbakwaVolvo bafuna iPentaverken 100% egxile kwiinjini zabo zeemoto.
Ngeli xesha iVolvo yayisele inesabelo se-8% kwimarike yaseScandinavia kwaye iqeshe amakhulu aliqela abantu. Ngo-1931 iVolvo yasasaza izabelo kubaninizabelo okokuqala.
Kwaye sithetha ngabanini-zabelo, masivule amanye ama-parentheses kweli bali ukubalisa oku kulandelayo: nangona inkampani ye-SKV yayinokubaluleka kobuchule kwiminyaka yokuqala yakwaVolvo (ukuba awuyazi into esithetha ngayo, funda apha) , abatyali-mali abancinci babenokubaluleka okuphawulekayo kwimpilo yezemali ye-brand kwiminyaka yokuqala.
Nangona iVolvo ivuse umdla kwezinye izigebenga zeshishini, uAssar Gabrielsson watyhila kwincwadi yakhe ukuba abatyali-mali bokuqala yayingoosomashishini abancinci, abantu abaqhelekileyo.
Ngo-1932, ngenxa yobuchule be-Pentaverken's destinies, iVolvo yazisa kwiimodeli zayo i-evolution yokuqala ye-inline six-cylinder injini. Ukufuduswa kwanda kwi-3.3 ilitha, amandla anyuka ukuya kwi-66 hp kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwehle nge-20%. Enye into entsha kukwamkelwa kwebhokisi yegiya ehambelana nesondo lokuqhuba. IVolvo ifikelele kwinqanaba le-10,000 leeyunithi!
Ngo-1934 kuphela, ukuthengiswa kweVolvo phantse kwafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-3,000 - iiyunithi ezingama-2,934 ukuba zichaneke - apho ezingama-775 zathunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngo-1932, uAssar Gabrielsson waqesha injineli eyaziwayo egama linguIvan Örnberg ukuba aphuhlise isizukulwana esitsha seVolvo.
Emva koko i I-PV36 (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiCarioca) kunye ne-PV51 ngo-1935 - bona igalari. Zombini, ngoyilo oluphefumlelwe yimodeli yaseMelika, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-streamlined. Uyilo lwalo lwangoku kwaye iteknoloji yayisetyenziswa ngokunjalo. Okokuqala, iVolvo yasebenzisa ukumiswa okuzimeleyo.
Ndiyabulela kwixabiso elihlengahlengisiweyo kumgangatho onikeziweyo, i-PV51 yayiyimpumelelo yokuthengisa. Amandla e-86 hp "kuphela" i-1,500 kg yesisindo yenza le modeli ibe yi-sprinter xa kuthelekiswa nabangaphambili bayo.
Kule galari yemifanekiso: P36 ngasekhohlo kunye ne-P51 ngasekunene.
Lo ikwangunyaka apho iVolvo yahlukana khona ne-SKF – le nkampani yamacandelo yayifuna ukugxila “kwishishini layo elingundoqo”. Ngesigqibo sebhodi yabalawuli be-AB Volvo, uphawu lwangena kwi-Stockholm Stock Exchange lukhangela abatyali-mali abatsha. Ixabiso leVolvo linyukile.
Kwade kwangowe-1939, yonke into yahamba kakuhle kwiVolvo. Ukuthengiswa kwanda unyaka nonyaka, kwaye iingeniso zihambelana noku kuguquguquka ngokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kwafika ukugubungela izicwangciso ze-brand. Ngeli xesha, iVolvo yayivelisa iimoto ezingaphezu kwama-7,000 ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamafutha kunye nemigudu yemfazwe, ngo-1940 ii-odolo zaqala ukunika ithuba lokurhoxiswa. IVolvo kwafuneka iziqhelanise.
Ukuveliswa kweemoto zabemi behla kakhulu kwaye kwanika indlela yokukhanya kunye neenqwelo zorhwebo zamajoni aseSweden. IVolvo iqalile nayo ukuvelisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-ECG eyajika umsi ophuma kwiplanga elivuthayo waba yigesi esebenzisa iinjini zokutsha zepetroli.
Imifanekiso ye "ECG" mechanism
IVolvo yanamhlanje
Sayigqiba le nxalenye yesibini ye-Special 90 iminyaka yeVolvo kunye neYurophu phakathi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngokungafaniyo neempawu ezininzi, iVolvo yasinda kweli xesha lobumnyama kwimbali yethu edibeneyo.
E isahluko esilandelayo makhe sazise iPV444 yembali (echazwe ngezantsi), iVolvo yokuqala yasemva kwemfazwe. Imodeli ephezulu kakhulu yexesha layo kwaye mhlawumbi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimbali ye-brand. Ibali liyaqhuba – ekupheleni kwale veki! – apha eLedger Automobile. Hla umamele.
Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi - ifoto ye-Volvo PV 444 LS, eU.SA.
