Kwiiveki zamva nje impikiswano esemva kweempumlo ezintsha zeFormula 1 ibe nkulu. Ukuba kwabaninzi, iimpumlo ezintsha zibonakala zifana ne-caricatures, kwabanye zithatha iimilo ezisibhekisa kwindalo okanye izinto ezikwimilo yobudoda ethandabuzekayo.
Asifuni kukukhathaza ngemibuzo emikhulu yobunjineli kunye nezibalo ezintsonkothileyo, ngoko ke masenze isifundo sibe lula kangangoko, njengeempumlo ngokwazo, esingafuni nokuthetha ngazo kwimiba ye-otolaryngology emelene nazo. .
Williams Mercedes FW36
Inyaniso kukuba kukho izizathu ezilungileyo zokuba kutheni olu hlobo loyilo lubambe ngo-2014 kwaye sinokuyixabisa loo nto. ezibini zezizathu eziphambili nxulumana ne: i Imimiselo yeFIA kwaye i ukhuseleko lwemoto.
Kutheni le nto iimpumlo zakhiwe zahluke kangaka? Impendulo ilula kwaye bubunjineli be-aerodynamic obusulungekileyo, "ubugcisa obumnyama" obuthathe iminyaka ukuba buphumelele, njengoko akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, iinjineli ezifanayo ezize nezinto ezintsha kwihlabathi leFomula 1 njengezakhiwo ze-carbon fiber monocoque, izihlalo ezi-6 ezinevili elinye, i-twin diffusers kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic, nazo zikulungele ukwenza nantoni na ukuxhaphaza zonke izibonelelo ezifumaneka kwimimiselo. vumela, ukuze iimoto zabo zezona zikhawulezayo kugqatso.
ITyrell Ford 019
Kodwa makhe sikucacisele ukuba sifike njani kuyilo olumanyumnyezi kangaka, kusenza ukuba sithandabuze ukuba nengqondo kwabo basemva kobunjineli beFormula 1. Konke kubuyela emva kwiminyaka engama-24, kunye neTyrell 019 ehlala umntu omnye, ngexesha lika-1990 kunye iqela lobugcisa, kunye nomlawuli uHarvey Postlethwaite kunye nentloko yoyilo uJean-Claude Migeo, waqonda ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukuhambisa umoya ngakumbi kwindawo engezantsi ye-F1 ukuba batshintshe uyilo lwempumlo ngokujonga ukuba unokuphakama okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nephiko. .
Ngokwenza oku, ukuhamba komoya ukujikeleza kwindawo esezantsi ye-F1 kuya kuba phezulu, kwaye ngokuhamba komoya omkhulu kwindawo esezantsi kunezowuni ephezulu, kuya kubangela ukuphakanyiswa okukhulu kwe-aerodynamic kwiFormula 1 aerodynamics ngumyalelo ongcwele kwibhayibhile yayo nayiphi na injineli . Ukusuka apho, iimpumlo zaqala ukunyuka ngokubhekiselele kwindiza enqamlekileyo yephiko langaphambili, icandelo apho zidibaniswe khona.
I-RedBull ToroRosso Renault STR9
Kodwa olu tshintsho lokuphakamisa impumlo luzise iingxaki, ngokuchanekileyo kwisizini ka-2010 eValencia GP, xa iRed Bull kaMark Webber, emva kokumisa umngxuma kwi-lap yethoba, yabangela ukuba uWebber athathele phezulu emva kokuphuma emhadini, iLotus. ye Kovaleinen. U-Webber wazibeka emva kwe-Kovaleinen kwaye wathatha ithuba lokuhamba kwakhe, okwakwaziwa njenge-cone yomoya. UWebber wagqiba ekubeni azame ukudlula kwaye walinda uKovaleinen ukuba aphume endleleni, kodwa endaweni yoko, uKovaleinen wabetha iziqhoboshi zeLotus kwaye impumlo ye-Webber's Red Bull yachukumisa ivili langangemva leLotus, yamthumela ukuba aphepheze ii-degrees ezingama-180 kwaye abhabhe malunga ne-270km/ h ukuya kumqobo wamatayara.
Emva kwesi siganeko, kwacaca kwi-FIA ukuba iimpumlo ziye zaphakama zaya kufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ezibeka ingozi kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, njengoko banokubetha intloko yomqhubi xa kwenzeka ingozi. Ukususela ngoko, i-FIA yamisela imithetho emitsha kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kwecandelo langaphambili le-F1 lilawulwa kwi-62.5cm, kunye nobude obuphezulu obuvunyelwe impumlo ye-55cm ngokumalunga nendiza ye-single-seater, emelwe. ngokulungiswa okuphantsi kwemoto kwaye nokuba kukuphi ukumiswa kokunqunyanyiswa, ayinakuba ngaphezulu kwe-7.5cm ukusuka emhlabeni.
Kulo nyaka, iimpumlo eziphezulu ezibonwayo ngoku ziye zavalwa, ngokusekelwe kwimithetho emitsha yokhuseleko. Kodwa yintoni eqhuba uyilo lwekhathuni lutshintsho lolawulo: kubonakala ukuba iimpumlo azikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwe-18.5 cm ubude ngokumalunga nendiza yemoto, ethelekiswa nonyaka ka-2013 imele ukuhla kwe-36.5 cm kunye nezinye izilungiso kwimigaqo, kwinqaku le-15.3.4 lommiselo , ichaza ukuba i-F1 kufuneka ibe necandelo elinye elinqamlezayo phambi koqikelelo oluthe tye, nobuninzi be-9000mm² (50mm ngasemva kweyona siphelo siphambili, oko kukuthi incam yempumlo).
Njengoko uninzi lwamaqela aluzange lufune ukuyila kwakhona i-front and front suspensions ye-F1 yabo, bakhetha ukuthoba inqwelomoya ukusuka kwiingalo eziphezulu zokunqunyanyiswa. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye bafuna ukugcina impumlo zabo phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, isiphumo soluyilo olunemingxuma yeempumlo evelele ngolo hlobo.
Ferrari F14T
Ngo-2015, imigaqo iya kuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye imoto kuphela esele ihambelana nayo yiLotus F1. Kwi-Lotus F1 impumlo sele ine-engile esezantsi yokuthoba ukuya kwincam yokugqibela, ngoko ke kulindeleke i-rhinoplasty ngakumbi kwi-F1 eseleyo. Ngelixa ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kwiFomula 1, i-aerodynamics ihlala iyeyona nto iphambili kuzo zonke iinjineli zayo.
Ngolu tshintsho ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuseka iindidi ezimbini zezihlalo zeemoto ze-F1 ngeli xesha lonyaka. Kwelinye icala sineempumlo ezitsolo F1 , ngokuqinisekileyo eya kuba yeyona moto ikhawulezayo kwiindlela ezithe ngqo ngenxa yobuso bayo obuncinci obungaphambili kunye nokumelana ne-aerodynamic esezantsi, elungiselelwe isantya esiphezulu, kwelinye icala sineemoto ze-F1 eziya kugoba ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu , nemingxuma yayo yeempumlo emikhulu elungele ukuvelisa amandla amakhulu aerodynamic, ngenxa yomphezulu ongaphezulu ongaphambili. Ewe kunjalo, sihlala sithetha ngomahluko omncinci phakathi kweemoto, kodwa kwiFomula 1 yonke into ibalulekile.
Ukuba kuyinyani ukuba i-F1 nasal cavities iya kugoba ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokuvelisa amandla e-aerodynamic, ngenxa yokuhamba komoya ovuthuzayo kwindawo esezantsi, kukwayinyani ukuba baya kucotha ezithe ngqo, zohlwaywe ngokutsalwa kwe-aerodynamics abaza kuyivelisa. Aba kuya kufuneka basebenzise amandla awongezelelweyo angama-160 yenkqubo (ERS-K) ukuhlawula, ngelixa abanye baya kufuna amandla ongezelelweyo enkqubo (ERS-K) ngaphandle kweekona ukufumana isantya ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yamandla asezantsi aerodynamic ngaphakathi kweekona.
Force India Mercedes VJM07