IFord inesiko elide lokuvelisa iinjini zepetroli ezintsha. Ngubani ongazikhumbuliyo iinjini zeSigma (ezaziwa ngokuba yiZetec) ukuba kwi-1.25 l, 1.4 l, 1.6 l kunye ne-1.7 l cylinder umthamo wonwabise abalandeli bophawu oval oblowu kwiimodeli ezifana neFord Fiesta, iPuma okanye iFocus ?
Ayimangalisi into yokuba i-Ford ikwazi ukuvelisa iinjini zepetroli ezintsha, usapho lwe-EcoBoost lwee-injini luye lwavela, ludibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza, ukusebenzisa i-supercharging, i-high-pressure ye-injection ye-fuel ngqo kunye nolawulo lokuvula oluphindwe kabini.
I-EcoBoost ngoku isithethantonye nosapho olukhulu lwee-powertrains kwaFord , ukusuka kwi-V6s enkulu kunye nenamandla, njengaleyo ixhobisa i-Ford GT, ukuya kwi-cylinder encinci ye-3-cylinder e-line, leyo nangona ubukhulu bayo be-compact, iphelile ibe yintsimbi yesithsaba sale ntsapho yomatshini.
1.0 I-EcoBoost: iqanda likaColumbus
Ukwenza i-three-cylinder 1.0 EcoBoost, abakwaFord baye benza konke okusemandleni abo. Yinjini exineneyo, ixinene kakhulu indawo ehlala iphedi ikwimida yephepha le-A4 . Ukubonisa ubungakanani bayo obuncitshisiweyo, abakwaFord bade bayithutha, ngenqwelomoya, ngesutikheyisi encinci.
Le njini yaqala ukubonakala kwiFord Focus ngo2012 kwaye sele yongezelelwe kwezinye iimodeli ezininzi kuluhlu lweFord. Impumelelo ibe yeyokuba phakathi ku-2014 sele inye kwiimodeli ezintlanu zeFord ezithengiswe eYurophu yayisebenzisa i-three-cylinder 1.0 EcoBoost.
Esinye sezitshixo zempumelelo yayo yi-low-inertia turbocharger, ekwaziyo ukujikeleza ukuya kutsho kuma-248,000 revolutions ngomzuzu, okanye izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-4000 ngomzuzwana. Ukukunika nje uluvo, kumalunga nokuphinda-phindwe kabini i-revs ye-turbos esetyenziswe kwiFomula yoku-1 ngo-2014.
I-1.0 EcoBoost ifumaneka kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo amandla — 100 hp, 125 hp kunye ne-140 hp, kwaye kukho noguqulelo lwe-180 hp olusetyenziswa kwirally yeFord Fiesta R2.
Kwinguqulo ye-140 hp i-turbo inika uxinzelelo lokunyusa i-1.6 bar (24 psi). Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, uxinzelelo olugqithisiweyo luyi-124 bar (1800 psi), oko kukuthi, ukulingana koxinzelelo oluqhutywe yindlovu yeetoni ezintlanu ezibekwe phezu kwepiston.
ukungalingani ukulinganisela
Kodwa izinto ezintsha zale njini azenziwanga kwi-turbo kuphela. Ii-injini ze-cylinder ezintathu azilungelelananga ngokwendalo, nangona kunjalo, iinjineli zeFord zagqiba kwelokuba ukuze ziphucule ibhalansi yazo, kungcono ukuba zingalingani ngabom.
Ngokwenza ukungalingani ngabom, xa besebenza, bakwazi ukulinganisa i-injini ngaphandle kokubhenela kwizinto ezininzi ezichaseneyo kunye nokunyuswa kwe-injini okuza kongeza kuphela ubunzima kunye nobunzima bayo.
Siyazi kwakhona ukuba ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okufanelekileyo kukuba injini ifudumale ngokukhawuleza. Ukufezekisa oku, iFord yagqiba ekubeni isebenzise intsimbi endaweni ye-aluminiyam kwibhloko yenjini (ethatha malunga ne-50% ngaphantsi ukufikelela kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusebenza). Ukongeza, iinjineli zifake inkqubo yokupholisa eyahlulahlula, evumela ukuba ibhloko ifudumale phambi kwentloko yesilinda.
Iisilinda ezintathu zokuqala ezinokuvalwa kwe-cylinder
Kodwa ukugxila ekusebenzeni kakuhle akuzange kuphele apho. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa, abakwaFord bagqibe ekubeni bazise itekhnoloji yokucima isilinda kweyona propeller incinci, into engazange ibonwe kwiinjini ezinesilinda ezintathu. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2018, i-1.0 EcoBoost iye yakwazi ukumisa okanye ukuqala kwakhona i-cylinder nanini na xa umthamo wayo ogcweleyo ungafunekiyo, njengakwii-slopes ezihlayo okanye ngesantya sokuhamba.
Yonke inkqubo yokuyeka okanye ukuqalisa ngokutsha ukutsha ithatha nje i-14 milliseconds, oko kukuthi, amaxesha angama-20 ngokukhawuleza kunokuqhwanyaza kweliso. Oku kuphunyezwa ngenxa yesoftware ephucukileyo emisela elona xesha lilungileyo lokuvala isilinda ngokusekwe kwizinto ezifana nesantya, indawo ye-throttle kunye nomthwalo we-injini.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo kunye nokucokisa akuchaphazeleki, abakwaFord bagqibe kwelokuba bafakele i-dual-mass flywheel entsha kunye ne-vibration-dampened clutch disc, ukongeza kwizinto ezintsha zokuxhonywa kwe-injini, i-suspension shafts kunye ne-bushings.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kuhlala kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa, xa i-cylinder yesithathu iphinda ivuselelwe, inkqubo iqulethe iigesi zokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqondo okushisa ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder agcinwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, oku kuya kuqinisekisa umphumo wentwasahlobo onceda ukulungelelanisa imikhosi kwiisilinda ezintathu.
Amabhaso ahambelana nomgangatho
Ubungqina bomgangatho weyona njini incinci kusapho lwe-EcoBoost ngamabhaso amaninzi ewaphumeleleyo. Kwiminyaka emithandathu elandelelanayo, i-Ford 1.0 EcoBoost ibizwa ngokuba yi "Injini Yonyaka we-2017 International - "Injini Engcono ukuya kwi-1 Litre"". Ukusukela oko yasungulwa ngo-2012 injini encinci iye yangena I-10 yeendebe ze-International Engine of the Year.
Kula mawonga ali-10 aphumeleleyo, amathathu aye kwi-general (irekhodi) enye yayiyeye "Best Engine Engine". Kwaye ungacingi ukuba ngumsebenzi olula ukutyunjwa, singasathethi ke ngokuphumelela enye yezi ndebe. Ukwenza oko, iFord encinci enezisilinda ezintathu kuye kwafuneka ukuba ichukumise iqela leentatheli ezingama-58, ezisuka kumazwe angama-31, ngo-2017. kwafuneka ukuba ajijisane 35 iinjini kudidi 1.0 l ezintathu-cylinder.
Okwangoku, le njini inokufumaneka kwiimodeli ezifana neFord Fiesta, Focus, C-Max, EcoSport nakwiTourneo Courier kunye neTourneo Connect iinguqulelo zabakhweli. Kuhlobo lwe-140 hp le njini inamandla athile (amahashe ngelitha nganye) ngaphezulu kweBugatti Veyron.
Ford uyaqhubeka ubhejo kwiinjini ezintathu-cylinder, kunye 1.5 l ezahlukeneyo esetyenziswa Focus kunye Fiesta efikelela amandla 150 hp, 182 hp kunye 200 hp.
Intsapho ye-EcoBoost iphinda ibandakanye kwi-line-cylinder ezine kunye ne-V6 injini - yokugqibela, kunye ne-3.5 l, ihambisa i-655 hp kwi-Ford GT ekhankanywe ngasentla, kunye ne-457 hp kwi-radical F-150 Raptor pick-up.
Lo mxholo uxhaswe ngu