Emva komsebenzi ophumeleleyo osebenza ngokuyintloko kwiRenault-Nissan Alliance, UVincent Cobée ufudukele kwimbangi yePSA (ngoku eyiStellantis kulandela ukudityaniswa kwakutshanje neFiat Chrysler Automobiles), apho athe waba ligosa elilawulayo (CEO) laseCitroën kwisithuba nje sonyaka odlulileyo.
Emva kokusinda kunyaka wendyikityha yesiphithiphithi, ukholelwa ukuba ukuchacha kuya kwakhiwa kunye nesazisi sophawu olugxile ngakumbi kunye nokubheja okungaguqukiyo ekufakweni kombane.
Njengoko kunokubonwa, umzekelo, kwi-Citroën C4 esanda kusungulwa, ecinga ukuba ingaxabisa isiqingatha sentengiso yaseYurophu yale modeli nangexesha lesi sizukulwana esitsha.
Citroën eStellantis
I-Automotive Ratio (RA) - IQela leStellantis lidibanisa iibrendi ezininzi kwaye ngoku lidibanise ezinye ezigubungela amacandelo emarike eqhelekileyo kunye nokuma okufanayo. Kwimeko kaCitroën, iFiat “ngudade” ofanayo… ingaba oku kuya kukunyanzela ukuba ulungise umgca wemodeli?
I-Vincent Cobée (VC) - Iimpawu ezininzi ezikhoyo kwiqela elifanayo, umyalezo ocacileyo kunye nokuthembeka komnye nomnye kufuneka ube. Le yindlela apho iCitroën ibiye yomelele kwaye iya kuthi ingaguquguquki nangakumbi.
Kwelinye icala, nangona bendikunye nenkampani unyaka onesiqingatha kuphela, amandla eGroupe PSA (ngoku eyiStellantis) yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwintsebenziswano kunye nokwahlulahlula kwebrand yeyona ilungileyo kushishino kwaye oku ayisiyonto nje. uluvo, kunoko, ngamanani angqina oko (liqela leemoto ezinowona mda wenzuzo ephezulu yokusebenza kwihlabathi).
Ukuba sithatha i-Peugeot 3008, i-Citroën C5 Aircross kunye ne-Opel Grandland X, siqaphela ukuba iimoto ezahlukeneyo kungekhona nje ngenkangeleko, kodwa nakwiimvakalelo zokuqhuba abazihambisayo. Kwaye le yindlela ekufuneka siyilandele.
RA — Kunzima kangakanani ukufumana izixhobo zemali zohlobo lwakho phakathi kwentlanganiso yolawulo lwebhodi exakekileyo apho iCEO nganye izama ukufumana okuninzi kuMongameli weQela laseStellantis?
I-VC Kulungile ... ukwanda kukhuphiswano lwangaphakathi kulungile ekomelezeni iimvakalelo kwaye kusinyanzele ukuba singaguquguquki ngokugqithisileyo malunga neenqobo zethu ezisemgangathweni. Ukongeza, uCarlos Tavares ucace kakhulu ekucingeni kwakhe ukuba ngcono iziphumo zophawu, kokukhona kunikwa amandla okuxoxisana.
Ubhubhane, impembelelo kunye neziphumo
I-RA - Isiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020 sasinzima kakhulu kwi-Citroën (intengiso yehla nge-45%) kwaye emva koko kwabakho ukuchacha okuncinci ukuya ekupheleni konyaka (ukuvala unyaka malunga ne-25% ngaphantsi kwe-2019). Ndingathanda ukufumana uluvo lwakho malunga nonyaka ongaqhelekanga ka-2020 kwaye nokwazi ukuba iCitroën ichatshazelwa kukunqongophala kweetshiphusi elijongene nazo eli shishini.
VC - Ukutsho ukuba isiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka sasinzima kakhulu. Ukuba sinokukhupha nantoni na encomekayo kweli xesha, kokomelela okukhulu okubonakaliswe yiQela lethu kule meko yesiphithiphithi. Kwaye ukufumaneka kwezoqoqosho, njengoko sikwazile ukuba ngowona mvelisi wemoto onengeniso kakhulu kwihlabathi. Senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukulondoloza abasebenzi, iibrendi kunye nabathengi kolu bhubhane lunzulu kunye nomcelimngeni owongezelelekileyo wokuba phakathi kwendibano yePSA-FCA, ethetha kakhulu malunga nendlela aphumelele ngayo uMongameli uCarlos Tavares.
Ngokumalunga nokunqongophala kwezinto zombane, abavelisi beemoto baye bachaphazeleka kwezinye zezibalo ezenziwa ngababoneleli beTier 2 kunye neTier 3 abaqikelela ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemoto kwihlabathi kuya kuba ngaphantsi kunoko bebeyiyo xa babesabelwa imveliso yabo. Ngethamsanqa, sikwazile ukumelana nale ngxaki ngakumbi kunabanye abantu ebesikhuphisana nabo kuba besisebenza ngokukhawuleza, kodwa andinakuqinisekisa ukuba ngelinye ixesha ayizukusenzakalisa.
I-RA - Ngaba i-Covid-19 inefuthe elinjalo kwindlela ezithengiswa ngayo iimoto kangangokuba ijelo lokuthengisa elikwi-Intanethi liya kuba ngumthetho kunokuba likhethe?
I-VC-Ngokucacileyo ubhubhane uye wakhawulezisa iindlela ebesele zikwinqanaba labo lokuqala kwaye ukwenziwa kwedijithali inkqubo yokuthenga ngokucacileyo yenye yazo. Kwakwenzeke okufanayo ngezihlalo kunye nokubhuka kokuhamba kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili, nangona kwimeko yethu kwakukho ukuchasana okukhulu ukuyeka ukuba yimboni ye-analogue ngenxa yovavanyo lokuqhuba, ukuvakalelwa, ukuvakalelwa ngaphakathi kwemoto, njl.
Abalungiseleli kwiiwebhusayithi sele banciphise inani leemodeli eziqwalaselwa ngumthengi ngaphambi kokuba enze isigqibo sabo sokugqibela: isiqingatha seminyaka elishumi elinesibini edlulileyo, umthengi watyelela abathengisi abathandathu kulo lonke inkqubo, namhlanje akatyeleli ngaphezu kwesibini, ngokomyinge .
"Inye kuzo zonke i-C4 ezimbini ingaba ngumbane esele ikhona kwesi sizukulwana"
RA — Ngaba ujonge umthengi omtsha we-Citroën C4 ngefilosofi yayo entsha ye-crossover?
I-VC - Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, uCitroën wenze uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo kunye nesizukulwana esitsha seemodeli ezifana neC3, iBerlingo, iC3 Aircross, iC5 Aircross, iintengiso, kodwa kunye neenkonzo ezintsha eziye zasivumela ukuba siphucule. ukukhuphisana kophawu lwethu.
Akuyomfihlo ukuba kukho imfuno ephezulu yeSUV kunye nemizimba ye-crossover kwaye sihlengahlengisa umnikelo wethu sicinga ngokubaluleka. Kwimeko yeC4 entsha, kukho ukuguquka okucacileyo ngokubhekiselele kulwimi loyilo, kunye nesikhundla esiphezulu sokuqhuba, ukunyuka kwentlalontle kunye nokuthuthuzela ebhodini (ngokwembali enye yeenqobo eziphambili zeCitroën) kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, inkululeko yokukhetha phakathi kweendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuqhubela phambili (ipetroli, idizili kunye nombane) kunye nesiseko sesithuthi esinye. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iCitroën lelona xesha layo lilungileyo.
I-RA - Ukhankanya ukutsha njengenye yeempawu zeC4 entsha, kodwa oku kufana kakhulu nezinye izithuthi esinokuzifumana kwiimpawu ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwi-Stellantis Group ...
I-VC - Ukuba sibheka ukunikezelwa kwee-hatchbacks (imizimba emibini yevolumu) kwi-C-segment, sifumana iimoto ezininzi ezifanayo: umgca ophantsi, ubukeka bezemidlalo, iimpawu ezininzi.
Ukuyila izithuthi ezinendawo ephezulu yokuqhuba (evumela ukubonakala okungcono, ukucocwa komhlaba okukhulu, ukufikelela ngokulula kunye nokuphuma) kwintliziyo yecandelo le-C, ngokoluvo lwam, isisombululo esilumkileyo, hayi kuba sikhethe ukuyigcina. ubukhazikhazi bomzimba. Ngandlel 'ithile, eyona nto ibalaseleyo kuzo zombini zehlabathi.
RA — Ngaba ucinga ukuba ipesenti yokuthengiswa kwenguqulo yombane ye-C4 (ë-C4) iya kuba yintsalela okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ucinga ukuba i-Toll Cost of Ownership (TCO) yakho yokhuphiswano iya kuqhuba ukuthengiswa kwenguqulo yombane kwisabelo esikhulu kunokuba ubunokulindela?
I-VC - Siqala malunga ne-15% yee-odolo ze-C4 zombane, kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba esi sabelo siya kukhula unyaka nonyaka kude kube sekupheleni kobomi be-C4. Kunyaka ophelileyo, xa i-Covid-19 yayingekaqalisi, ukuthenga imoto yombane yayiyingxelo yentlalontle, ngokusisiseko yayilukhetho lwangaphambili.
Ngoku izinto ziyatshintsha (ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo emitsha engqongqo, uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja kunye nokuvela kwethekhnoloji) kunye neemoto zombane ziya zithandwa kakhulu njengoko zihla kakhulu ukusuka kumaxabiso angaphezu kwama-50,000 eeuro kwaye ziqala ukungasafuni. umsebenzisi ukwenza izibophelelo ezahlukeneyo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Andiyazi ukuba sinokuyibiza ngokuba liphupha okanye ukubikezela, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu umxube wokuthengisa we-C4 yombane unokuba phakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-50% yokuthengiswa okupheleleyo kwemodeli eYurophu. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, umthengi kufuneka abe nethuba lokuthenga isithuthi esifanayo, esinobubanzi obungaphakathi obufanayo, umthamo wemithwalo, njl.njl. kwaye unikwe amandla ngombane, ongomnye weenkqubo ezininzi zokuqhubela phambili.
Ukusabela kuMbane
I-RA - Ukuba oku kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno (ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-50%) yezithuthi zombane (EV) ziqinisekisiwe kwixesha elifutshane, ngaba i-Citroën i-industrial ilungele ukuphendula?
I-VC - Izinto ezimbini ziya kwenzeka kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi be-C4 entsha ezinokuphembelela impendulo yalo mbuzo. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawuliswayo kunye nengqondo yomthengi kwelinye icala (kuba kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-350 km yanele uluhlu olwaneleyo lokusebenzisa i-97%). Inyaniso yokuba i-C4 yepetroli / i-Diesel (i-MCI okanye i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi) kunye nombane zakhiwe kumgca wendibano efanayo eMadrid ivumela ukuba sibe bhetyebhetye.
Namhlanje kukho umgca we-sub-assembly malunga neemitha ezingama-50 apho i-chassis yenguqulo yombane ilungiselelwe kwaye ke enye indawo efana nenguqulo ye-MCI kwaye sinokutshintsha umthamo wemveliso phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini ngaphandle kotyalo-mali oluphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-60% ye-EV kumthamo opheleleyo wemveliso yakhiwe kumzi-mveliso kwaye yinto eya kuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa kuphela, kungekhona iminyaka.
I-RA - Kwaye ngaba ababoneleli bakho bakulungele ukuphendula ngolu tshintsho ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka lwenzeke?
I-VC - Ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi beli C4 ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuphucula iimpawu zebhetri ngokusebenzisa ikhemistri yeseli engcono kunye "nokupakishwa" kwebhetri.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule meko kukuba ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi bale C4 intsha siza kutshintsha sisuke kwibhetri yaseAsia siye kwenye ebonelelwe lishishini elidityanisiweyo elibalulekileyo esilenzile ngeTotal/Saft ukuphuhlisa kunye nokwenza imveliso yebhetri kwishishini. . Oku kuya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu kuqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo, kodwa kwakhona kuya kusinika ukuqonda okungcono kuyo yonke inkqubo yezoshishino. Ke ewe iyakuba yimpendulo kumbuzo wakho.
Sala kakuhle ukutsha? Hayi ngoku
I-RA - Amazwe amaninzi kunye ne-OEMs (abavelisi) sele bechaze xa imoto ye-injini yokutsha iya kushiya indawo. Izokwenzeka nini le nto kwaCitroën?
VC — Sisifundo esinzima kakhulu. I-Green Deal ibeke imithetho engqongqo ye-2025 kunye ne-2030 kwaye oku kuya kuba nefuthe kwimveliso kunye nokuxuba ukuthengisa ekupheleni kweli shumi leminyaka.
Kodwa ukuba useta umgangatho ophakathi we-CO2 ekhutshwayo ye-50 g/km ngo-2030, kukho into ecacileyo: i-50 ayikho i-zero. Oko kuthetha ukuba kusekho indawo yeenjini zokutsha njengoko singena kule minyaka ilishumi izayo kwaye umxube uya kwenziwa ngeVE, iplug-in hybrids, hybrids kunye “mild-hybrid” hybrids - kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngo-2030 akuyi kubakho. iinjini zedizili Ukutsha okumsulwa ngaphandle kwenqanaba lokufakelwa kombane.
Kukho omnye umlinganiselo oya kuba sisiphumo sento ezakunyanzeliswa zizixeko malunga nokukhutshwa kwegesi, ukuvalwa kweenjini zedizili okanye iinjini zepetroli phakathi konyaka ka-2030 no-2040. Into esiyithethayo namhlanje kwa-Citroën kukuba nayiphi na imodeli entsha esiyisungula ngoku iya kuba nohlobo lombane. kwangolo suku.
Kwaye ke siya kulungelelanisa iphothifoliyo yethu ngokwento ebonakala iyimfuno, kunye neziseko zokutshaja zibe yeyona nto ibangela "i-traffic jam": xa i-EV iba yimoto kuphela endlwini, kufuneka kubekho indawo efumanekayo kwaye inokuthenjwa. womnatha, nokuba ngamaxesha imfuno incopho, kwaye kufuneka kubekho imodeli ishishini inzuzo kubaboneleli amandla, nto leyo yingxaki kude ukusonjululwa...
UCitroën uza kwenza nini iimoto zombane kuphela? Lowo ngumbuzo wesigidi seedola. Kwimizi-mveliso, siya kuba silungele ukwakha kuphela iimoto zombane ngo-2025 kwaye siyaluxhasa olo tshintsho ngoluhlu lwethu lwangoku nolwexesha elizayo. Kodwa oko akuyi kwenzeka kungekudala.
I-RA - IFransi mhlawumbi lilizwe apho ukuwa kwe-Diesel kubonakala kakhulu kwaye nangona isibhengezo sokufa kwayo senziwe amaxesha amaninzi, kukho iimpawu ezinokuthi ziphile ixesha elide kunokuba lilindelwe ...
I-VC - Ukwehla kwentengiso yeenjini ze-Diesel ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nesabelo sabo semarike sisuke kwi-50% ukuya kwi-35% kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo eNtshona Yurophu. Kwaye xa sivavanya oko kuya kufuneka ukuba neenjini zedizili ezihlangabezana nomgangatho we-Euro7, siyaqonda ukuba kuya kuba yindleko enkulu ukutofa yonke iteknoloji yokucoca kunokwenza imoto yombane. Ukuba ibisisigulana esingeniswe esibhedlele, besiya kuthi i-prognosis igcinwe kakhulu.
Iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo, ngokwenyani...
I-RA - Iibhetri ze-Solid-state, ezilindeleke kwixesha elizayo eliphakathi, zithembisa ukutshintsha "umdlalo", ukubonelela ngokuzimela ngakumbi, ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ngaba kunengqiqo ukutyalomali kakhulu kwi-lithium ion chemistry kwaye ulahle lonke olo tyalo-mali kude?
I-VC - Kwiminyaka yam njengoMlawuli woCwangciso kwi-Mitsubishi (2017-19), ndibe neentlanganiso ezininzi kwaye ndichitha ixesha elininzi ndizama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni umhla ochanekileyo oya kuba yinto esebenzayo yokuveliswa kwebhetri yelizwe eliqinileyo. Kwi-2018, uqikelelo oluthemba kakhulu lwaluyi-2025; ngoku, ngo-2021, injongo yethu yi-2028-30. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu siphulukene neminyaka emine.
Le yindlela kaDarwin, okuthetha ukuba kuhle ukuphupha malunga nokuba ubomi buya kuba njani kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukususela ngoku, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ungafi endleleni. Andithandabuzi ukuba iibhetri zombuso oqinileyo ziya kuzisa uncedo malunga nokuzimela, ubunzima kunye noqwalaselo, kodwa andikholelwa ukuba ziya kuba yinyani ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi bale ë-C4 entsha sisandula ukuyisungula. Ngaphambi koko, iitriliyoni ezityalwe kwi-Li-ion chemistry ziya kuthotywa ngaphezulu kwe-10 okanye i-15 iminyaka kwiintengiso ze-EV zangoku kunye nexesha elifutshane ukuya kwixesha eliphakathi ukwenza imarike yamaxabiso ikhuphisane.
I-RA - Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba lula kwishishini leemoto ukuba i-chemistry yebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo ithatha ixesha elide ukufika?
VC - Akukho nanye kuloo nto. Naziphi na ithiyori iyelenqe elilolo hlobo azenzi ngqiqweni kum kuba uphuhliso lwebhetri lusezandleni zababoneleli bethu. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba bekukho i-lithium-ion ibhetri yokukhusela i-cartel eyandisa ngokusemthethweni ubomi beli khemistri, bekuya kuhlala kukho i-Nio okanye i-Byton (ndr: iziqalo zaseTshayina ezifuna ukuguqula ukunikezelwa kweemarike zemoto yombane) ukuvela naphi na ngolu lutsha lweteknoloji.
Kwelinye icala, ndiyakholelwa ukuba xa iibhetri ze-lithium ion ziqala ukusebenza, ixabiso nge-kWh nganye liya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-100 yeedola kwaye ezona ziqinileyo ziya kuxabisa malunga ne-$90/kWh. Kuya kubakho, njengoko kunjalo, akukho revolution yeendleko, nje indaleko.
I-Retro yayingeyona indlela ekhethiweyo
I-RA - I-Volkswagen inezicwangciso zokwenza ukuchazwa ngokutsha kwe-"Pão de Forma" eyaziwayo kwaye i-Renault isandula ukubonisa isiphakamiso esinomdla sokuzalwa kwakhona kwe-R5, zombini iiprojekthi zizithuthi zombane. I-Citroën ikwanayo ne-Ami efumana ezinye iijini kwi-CV ye-2 kwaye, ngokwengqiqo, ithatha into kwi-Ami yevintage. Ngaba kukho intsingiselo ye-retro-VE eya kuphuhla ngakumbi e-Citroën?
VC - Kule minyaka ingama-25 idlulileyo sibone uninzi lweendlela zokuyila iimoto ze-neo-retro, kodwa hayi eCitroën. Into esiyenzayo no-Ami kukuyila kangangoko, sigcine ifilosofi yohlobo.
Ubuhle beli phawu kukuba linelifa elityebileyo kwaye kufuneka silumke kakhulu kulo msebenzi mkhulu wokubhala amanye amaphepha alo. Lolona phawu luqokelelweyo ehlabathini kuba lwalunexesha lobukrelekrele elatshintsha uluntu. Bekuya kuba lula ukusebenzisa igama elithi 2 CV kwi-Ami entsha (nangona indlela iifestile ezivula ngayo ziyafana), kodwa sikhethe ukungakwenzi.
Silifumene kwakhona igama elithi Ami (“umhlobo” ngesiFrentshi) kuba linento yokwenza nomoya wethu wokwamkela kunye nobuntu. Siphefumlelwe ngokudlulileyo kwethu, kodwa sizama ukwenza izinto ezintsha ngexesha elifanayo: akuqhelekanga ukuba, ukuhamba kwedolophu kwixesha elizayo, umntu unokukhetha kuphela phakathi kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke kunye nesithuthi sombane esixabisa ngaphezu kwe-50,000 euro. Abantu kufuneka babe nelungelo lokushukuma komntu ngamnye ngexabiso elifikelelekayo nakweyiphi na iminyaka.
Kwaye eso sisindululo sika-Ami, hayi isikhumbuzo sakudala kumavili ngaphandle kwesizathu esinye ngaphandle koko.
I-RA - Ngaba ungayenza i-Ami imveliso enengeniso kwasekuqaleni?
I-VC - Sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuba asibizi imali yenkampani kunye no-Ami. Imoto yaba ngumfanekiso wophawu kwaye yasivumela ukuba sidibane nabathengi abanokubakho esingazange sifike ngaphambili. Sisithuthi esimangalisayo njengoko besingenazo ezininzi kwixesha elidlulileyo.