Ukuba kukho indlela yokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-injini, kungenxa yokutshaja kwayo, kwaye siyenze ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokusebenzisa icompressor okanye i-turbocharger (i-turbo yabahlobo).
Zombini ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye zineengenelo kunye nezingeloncedo zazo, kodwa injongo iyafana: ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomoya olufikelela kwigumbi lokutsha, ukulicinezela, livumela ukusebenza kakuhle, ngamanye amazwi, amandla amaninzi kunye ne-torque.
Nangona kunjalo, kweli dabi lamandla, ii-turbos ziye zakhethwa ngokucacileyo, kunye nee-supercharger eziphantse zinganakwa. Kodwa kutheni? Makhe siphande...
basebenza njani
Masiqale nge iicompressors , nazo zichongwe ngee-supercharger okanye ii-blowers - kwaye ngubani ongakhumbuli i-Mercedes-Benz Kompressors? - ezidlulileyo zinexesha (ezimbalwa) zazo, ngenxa yoomatshini abaqhumayo njenge-Hellcat okanye i-Yaris GRMN encinci kodwa ephilileyo.
Ezi zisebenza ngokusisiseko njengempompo yomoya, kwaye ngokubanzi ziqhutywa ngebhanti, eqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-injini, eyenza uxinzelelo ngokungasebenziyo kwaye inyuse i-torque kunye namandla kwi-rpm ephantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo yonke into eyoyikisayo njengoko sinyuka sisiya kwi-revs ye-injini ephezulu - icompressor iphetha sisiba amandla amaninzi kwi-injini kunokuba yongeza.
sele i i-turbocharger isebenza ngokuthatha ithuba leegesi zokuphuma ekutsha, ukuzisebenzisa ukujika i-injini yomoya eyenza uxinzelelo. Bayakwazi ukujika ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu kune-compressors - ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 rpm, ngokuchasene ne-10 ukuya kwi-15,000 rpm - kodwa ukuze yenzeke loo nto, badinga injini ukuba iqhube kwi-revs ephezulu ukuze iqhube ngokugcwele.
Isantya esisezantsi asizifumani iigesi zaneleyo, okanye abahambi ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba i-iturbine ijikeleze ngesantya esiyimfuneko ukudala uxinzelelo. Sesona sizathu siphambili sezinto ezifana ne-turbo lag, oko kukuthi, ukulibaziseka kwimpendulo phakathi kokuvulwa kwe-throttle kunye nomzuzu xa i-turbo iqala ukubonelela ngokunyusa okanye uxinzelelo.
Bhalisa kwincwadana yethu apha
ingxaki eqhelekileyo
Kodwa ukuba zombini iinkqubo zineengxaki zazo, kukho enye eqhelekileyo kuzo zombini. Inyaniso yokuba umoya ocinezelweyo ushushu, uchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke. Ingxaki eya kuthi ekugqibeleni isonjululwe ngabahlobo bethu beenjineli, abaphuhlise into esiyaziyo njenge-intercooler, oko kukuthi, i-air-to-air exchanger heat, edumileyo kwiimodeli ezifana ne-Subaru Impreza STI kunye nakwiimodeli ezininzi ezibhalwe eli gama. ngoonobumba abakhulu kumzimba.Oku kukuvumela ukuba upholise umoya phakathi kwe-40% kunye ne-60%, uzuze ukufezekiswa kwamandla kunye ne-torque, kodwa njengoko unokucinga, esi sisombululo sineengxaki zaso. Eyokuqala yindawo, okanye kunoko ukungabikho kwayo ukuzifakela; okwesibini kukuba bongeza ukuntsonkotha kumjelo womoya okwi-injini.
bazivelela njani
Zomibini iitekhnoloji ziye zavela, kwimeko yokuba i-compressors ibe "nobungane" kwisantya esiphezulu, kunye nezisombululo ezinjengee-clutches ezizikhuphayo ngesantya esiphezulu - nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kobunzima, okuchaphazela ukuthembeka, kwenza esi sisombululo sinqabile -; kwaye kwimeko yee-turbos, siye sabona iiblayidi zeijinijini ezikhaphukhaphu, ii-turbos ezincinci eziguquguqukayo zejometri, okanye ii-injini ezinee-turbos ezimbini ezisebenza ngokulandelelanayo (i-turbo encinci yeerevs eziphantsi kunye ne-turbo enkulu yee-revs eziphezulu).
Inqaku? Ukufumana impendulo ephezulu kwi-revs ephantsi. Kukho iimeko, ezinqabileyo, apho badibanisa iteknoloji ezimbini kwi-injini enye, i-compressor kunye ne-turbocharger, njengoko sibonile koomatshini abafana neLancia Delta S4, i-1.4 TSI ethozama ngakumbi evela kwiVolkswagen okanye ezinye iinguqulelo ze 2.0 ukusuka kwiVolvo.
I-Turbos idlulela phambili
Okwangoku, ii-turbos zikhethwa ngokucacileyo ngabavelisi ngenxa yentsebenzo yabo ephezulu, ukuzuza intsebenzo engcono/ibinomial yoqoqosho.
Ukusebenzisa inkunkuma ukusebenza, njengeegesi zokukhupha, kunkqonkqoza nayiphi na icompressor. Le yokugqibela iphele isiphumo parasitic, apho ukuvelisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngakumbi, nabo kufuneka bayibe enjini - kwi V8s ezinkulu apho kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuzifumana, banokufuna lula ngaphezu kwe-150 hp ukusebenza.
Ngaphaya koko, kulula ukutsala amandla amakhulu kwi-turbocharger kunakwicompressor, ukuqala kwi-injini enye.
Kule mihla, ngeenjini ezithatha i-turbos encinci okanye ephantsi, i-turbo lag iphantse ingabonakali, kwaye kwii-injini ezisebenza kakhulu, ulungelelwaniso olutsha olufana ne-Hot V lukwavumela inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni i-turbos. Akukho lag yalo naluphi na uhlobo kwiicompressor, isiphumo sayo sokugqibela sijika sifana nokuba ne-injini ye-atmospheric ene-cubic centimeters ngaphezulu, igcina umgca we-atmospheric elungileyo.
Ngelixa elizayo
Inyani iyaxelwa, ngaphandle kwetekhnoloji esetyenziswa kwi-turbos ihambele phambili kakhulu, iicompressors "azikayi ezantsi kwimbali". Iinjini zombane zeza kumnceda, nto leyo eyayinokuthetha ukubuyela kwakhe ekukhanyeni.
Uyathanda? Akusekho mfuneko yokuba icompressor iqhagamshelwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-injini ukuyiqalisa, usebenzisa i-motor yombane. Esi sisombululo sinokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-hybridi, ukujoyina i-turbocharger kwi-compressor yombane wombane, isisombululo esibonwayo, umzekelo, kwi-Audi SQ7.
Ke, ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukwazi ukuba ngubani oza kuphumelela le "mfazwe", impendulo ithi: sithi, abasebenzisi, ukuba sithatha inzuzo yezisombululo ezininzi ezisivumela ukuba singagcini nje ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.