Ngexesha apho ushishino luphela lubonakala luzimisele ukuvalela injini yokuvutha yangaphakathi kwiincwadi zembali, iMazda iya… ngokuchasene nengqolowa! Ngovuyo.
Ayikokokuqala iMazda isenza, kwaye okokugqibela ibilungile. Ngaba kuya kwenzeka okufanayo kwakhona? AmaJapan akholelwa njalo.
Isigqibo sokuqhubeka nokubheja kwiinjini zokutsha sabhengezwa kunyaka ophelileyo, ngesizukulwana esitsha se-SKYACTIV-X injini. Kwaye sibe nethuba lokufumana le njini entsha ye-SKYACTIV-X, iphile kwaye inemibala, ngaphambi kokufika kwayo ngokusemthethweni kwintengiso ngo-2019.
Yiyo loo nto undwendwela i-Reason Automotive yonke imihla, akunjalo?
Lungela! Inqaku liya kuba lide kunye nezobugcisa. Ukuba ufikelela esiphelweni uya kuba nembuyekezo...
Injini yokutsha? Kwaye ezi zombane?
Ikamva lombane, kwaye namagosa akwaMazda ayavumelana naloo ngxelo. Kodwa abavumelani kuqikelelo olunika injini yokutsha “njengefileyo”… izolo!
Igama eliphambili apha lithi “ikamva”. Kuze kube yi-100% imoto yombane yinto entsha "eqhelekileyo", ukutshintshela ukuhamba kombane emhlabeni wonke kuya kuthatha amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphaya koko, ukuveliswa kombane ophuma kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo nako kuya kufuneka kukhule, ukuze isithembiso sokukhutshwa kweqanda kwiimoto zombane singabi yinkohliso.
Okwangoku, kuya kufikelela kwi-injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi "endala" ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto ziqhuba ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha eliphakathi - liya kuqhubeka lilolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweenjini kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka siqhubeke siyiphucula. I-Mazda ithathele ingqalelo kwinjongo yayo yokukhupha ukusebenza kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-injini yokutsha ngeenjongo zokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo.
"Uzibophezele kumgaqo wesisombululo esifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo", njengoko i-Mazda ibeka, iqhubela uphawu ekufuneni rhoqo isisombululo esona sisombululo - kungekhona into ekhangeleka kakhulu ephepheni, kodwa lowo usebenza kwihlabathi langempela. . Kukulo mongo apho kuvela i-SKYACTIV-X, i-injini yayo yokutsha kunye nenguquko yangaphakathi yokutsha.
Kutheni le revolution?
Kuba i-SKYACTIV-X yinjini yokuqala yepetroli ekwaziyo ukunyanzeliswa ukuvutha - njengeenjini zeDizili… kuhle, phantse njengeenjini zeDizili, kodwa sihambile.
I-compression ignition - oko kukuthi, umxube womoya / i-fuel uthetha ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle kwe-spark plug, xa ixinzelelwe yi-piston - kwiinjini zepetroli ibe yenye "yegrail engcwele" elandelwa ziinjineli. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyanzeliswa komlilo kunqweneleka ngakumbi: ikhawuleza kakhulu, itshisa ngoko nangoko onke amafutha kwigumbi lokutsha, ikuvumela ukuba wenze umsebenzi omninzi ngomlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle.
Ukutsha okukhawulezayo kukwavumela umoya othambileyo / umxube wamafutha kwigumbi lokutsha, oko kukuthi, isixa somoya esikhulu ngakumbi kuneso samafutha. Izibonelelo zilula ukuyiqonda: ukutshisa kwenzeka kumaqondo aphantsi, okukhokelela kwi-NOx encinci (i-nitrogen oxides), kwaye akukho mandla achithwa kancinci ngexesha lokufudumala kwe-injini.
Iingxaki
Kodwa ukucinywa kwepetroli akuyondlwan’ iyanetha — ingekuko ukuba akuzange kuzanywe ngabanye abakhi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kodwa akukho namnye othe weza nesisombululo esisebenzayo esinokuthengiswa.Ukutshaja kwe-Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charging (HCCI), ingqikelelo esisiseko yokutshisa ucinezelo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iphunyeziwe kuphela ngesantya senjini esisezantsi kunye nomthwalo ophantsi, ngenxa yezizathu ezibambekayo, ukuvutha kwentlantsi (spark plug) kusafuneka kulawulo oluphezulu kunye nemithwalo. . Enye ingxaki enkulu lawula xa ukunyanzeliswa komlilo kwenzeka.
Umceli mngeni, ke ngoko, kukukwazi ukudlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zomlilo ngendlela ehambelanayo, nto leyo enyanzelise iMazda ukuba iphucule kwaye ilawule izinto ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukuvutha kwepetroli kunye nomxube obhityileyo.
Isisombululo
Ixesha elithi “eureka”—okanye lixesha apho kwabakho intlantsi? ba dum tss… — eyenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, yenzeka xa iinjineli zakwaMazda zacela umngeni kwingcamango eqhelekileyo yokuba ukutshiswa ngokucinezela akufuni iiplagi zentlantsi: “ukuba utshintsho phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutsha lunzima, ngaba, okokuqala, ngaba ngokwenene kufuneka silwenze olo tshintsho?” Apha kulele isiseko senkqubo ye-SPCCI - I-Spark-Controlled Compression Ignition.
Ngamanye amazwi, nangenxa yokutshiswa ngokucinezelwa, i-Mazda isebenzisa iiplagi zentlantsi, ivumela inguqu egudileyo phakathi kokutsha ngoxinzelelo kunye nokutsha kwentlantsi. Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa i-spark plug ingaba isenokuthiwa yi-compression combustion?
Kunjalo! Oku kungenxa yokuba i-spark plug isebenza, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, njengendlela yokulawula xa ukutshiswa ngoxinzelelo lwenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuhle be-SPCCI kukuba isebenzisa indlela yokutsha ye-injini ye-diesel kunye nendlela yexesha le-injini yepetroli ene-spark plug. Ngaba sinokuqhwaba izandla zethu? Singa!
Inqaku
I-injini yenzelwe ngendlela yokwenza iimeko eziyimfuneko zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwigumbi lokutsha, ukuya kwindawo apho umoya / umxube wamafutha - unciphe kakhulu, 37: 1, malunga namaxesha angama-2.5 ngaphezu kwe-injini yepetroli yesiqhelo. - hlala kumda wokuvutha kwindawo ephezulu yokufa. Kodwa yintlantsi evela kwi-spark plug eqala inkqubo.
Oku kuthetha umxube omncinci, otyebileyo womoya/ipetroli (29:1), otofwe emva kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwibhola yomlilo. Oku kwandisa ngakumbi uxinzelelo kunye nokushisa kwigumbi lokutsha, ukwenzela ukuba umxube onqabileyo, osele usondele kwindawo apho ulungele ukutshatyalaliswa, awuchasi kwaye uvutha ngokukhawuleza.
Olu lawulo lomlilo luyandixaka. I-Mazda iyakwazi ukwenza oku ngaphezulu kwe-5000 rpm kwaye andikwazi nokulayita ibarbecue ekuqaleni…
Isisombululo esibonakala sicace ngoku, kodwa eso sasifuna "amaqhinga" amatsha:
- isibaso kufuneka sitofwe ngamaxesha amabini ahlukeneyo, elinye libe lelomxube obhityileyo oza kucinezelwa kwaye elinye libe lelomxube otyebileyo kancinane oza kutshiswa yi-spark plug.
- Inkqubo yesitofu se-fuel kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuvumela ukufunxa ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-atomization yamafutha, ukuyisasaza ngokukhawuleza kwi-cylinder, ukunciphisa ixesha loxinzelelo.
- zonke iisilinda zine-sensor yoxinzelelo, ehlala ibeka iliso kulawulo olukhankanywe ngasentla, ukuhlawulela, ngexesha langempela, naluphi na ukuphambuka kwimiphumo ejoliswe kuyo.
- ukusetyenziswa kwecompressor - isithako esibalulekileyo sokugcina uxinzelelo oluphezulu, njengoko i-SKYACTIV-X isebenzisa umjikelezo weMiller, othoba uxinzelelo, okuvumela umxube ofunwayo obhityileyo. Amandla ongezelelweyo kunye netorque ziziphumo ezamkelekileyo.
Ngasemva inxalenye
Iingenelo
Inkqubo ye-SPCCI ivumela ukwandiswa kokutshiswa ngokunyanzeliswa kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lolawulo, ngoko ke, ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-SKYACTIV-G yangoku, uphawu uthembisa ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi phakathi kwe-20 ukuya kwi-30% ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni . I-brand ithi i-SKYACTIV-X inokudityaniswa kwaye igqithise uqoqosho lwamafutha kwi-SKYACTIV-D injini yedizili yayo.
Icompressor ivumela uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuthatha, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono kwe-injini kunye nokuphendula. Ukuphumelela okukhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lweerevs kwakhona kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise iirevs eziphezulu, apho kukho amandla amaninzi akhoyo kwaye impendulo ye-injini iphezulu.
Nangona ubunzima bokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwekhandlela kuye, ngokuthakazelisayo, kuvunyelwe ukuyila okulula - akukho ukusabalalisa okuguquguqukayo okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwesantya esifunekayo - kwaye kungcono, le njini isebenzisa 95 ipetroli , njengoko i-octane encinci ingcono ukuvutha koxinzelelo.
Ekugqibeleni, emva kwevili
Isicatshulwa sele side kakhulu, kodwa kuyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni yonke i-"buzz" ejikeleze le njini - yinkqubela phambili emangalisayo xa kuziwa kwiinjini zokutsha. Kuya kufuneka silinde kude kube yi-2019 ukuqinisekisa onke amabango e-Mazda malunga nayo, kodwa ngokuqwalasela oko kuthenjisiwe kwaye kuboniswe nge-SKYACTIV-G, ukulindela kuphezulu kwi-SKYACTIV-X ukuhambisa yonke into ethembisa ukuyenza.
Ngethamsanqa, besele sinalo ithuba lovavanyo lwakwangoko. Uqhagamshelwano olunamandla kunye ne-SKYACTIV-X-equipped prototypes, efihliweyo phantsi kwe-bodywork ye-Mazda3 eqhelekileyo, yabonwa kwangaphambili, nangona yayincinci okanye ayinanto yakwenza ne-Mazda3 eqhelekileyo - kwakhona isiseko soyilo phantsi kwe-bodywork ngoku isizukulwana sesibini.
I-SKYACTIV ikwafana neqonga elitsha / isiseko / izisombululo zomzimba. Esi sizukulwana esitsha sithembisa ukuqina okukhulu kwe-torsional, amanqanaba aphantsi engxolo, ukungcangcazela kunye nobunzima (i-NVH - ingxolo, i-vibration kunye nobunzima) kunye nezihlalo ezitsha zaphuhliswa, zithembisa ukuma kwendalo, okuya kuvumela amanqanaba amakhulu okuthuthuzela.
Siqhube iinguqulelo ezimbini zeprototypes - enye inebhokisi yegiya yesandla kwaye enye inebhokisi yegiya ezenzekelayo, zombini inezantya ezintandathu - kwaye sakwazi ukuthelekisa umahluko kunye ne-165hp Mazda3 2.0 yangoku enebhokisi yegiya yesandla, ukuqonda ngcono iyantlukwano. Ngethamsanqa yayiyimoto yokuqala endayiqhubayo, endivumela ukuba ndijonge i-injini elungileyo/ibhokisi (i-manual) iseti.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-SKYACTIV-X (injini yekamva) kunye ne-SKYACTIV-G (injini yanamhlanje) ayinakucaca ngakumbi. I-injini entsha yakwaMazda inamandla ngakumbi ngaphandle koluhlu lwe-rev - itorque eyongezelelweyo ekhoyo icacile. Njengo "G", "X" yiyunithi ye-2.0 yelitha, kodwa ngamanani e-juicier. IMazda ijolise kumandla ajikeleze i-190 hp - eziphawulekayo, kwaye kakuhle, endleleni.
Imangaliswe ngokuphendula kwayo, ukusuka kwezona rhulumente ziphantsi, kodwa eyona nto ingcono unokuyihlawula kwi-injini, kukuba nangona iyunithi ekuphuhlisweni, sele iqinisekisa ngaphezu kweenjini ezininzi kwimarike.
Uloyiko lokuba, njengoko kukho ukucinywa komlilo njenge-Diesel, kunokuzisa ezinye zeempawu zolu hlobo lwe-injini, ezifana ne-inetia enkulu, uluhlu olufutshane lokusetyenziswa, okanye isandi, zazingenasiseko ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba eli likamva leenjini zokutsha, yiza!
Ingaphakathi leprototype - ngokucacileyo ingaphakathi lemoto ekuphuhlisweni - yeza nesikrini esibekwe ngaphezu kwe-center console enezangqa ezintathu ezinamanani. Ezi ziye zacima okanye zaqhubeka, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokulayita okanye umxube owenzekileyo:
- 1 - ukuvutha kwentlantsi
- 2 — ukucinywa komlilo
- 3 — Umxube womoya/ipetroli othambileyo apho ubuninzi bokusebenza bufumanekayo
Iinjini "ezincinci" zasePortugal?
Irhafu ye-Aberrant Portuguese iya kwenza le njini ukhetho oluncinci. Umthamo we-2.0 litre ufanelekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, hayi kancinci kuba sisikhundla esamkelwe kakuhle kwiimarike zehlabathi. Iinjineli ezijongene ne-SKYACTIV-X zikhankanyile ukuba ezinye izakhono zinokwenzeka, kodwa okwangoku akukho kwizicwangciso ze-brand zokuphuhlisa iinjini ezinomthamo ongaphantsi kwe-2.0 ilitha.
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo apho ukunyanzeliswa-ukuvutha kwenzeka khona - kakhulu ukutshintshela kwintlantsi yomlilo, xa sijonga isantya esiphezulu se-injini okanye xa sibethelela i-throttle phantsi - yayichukumisa.
Ngokuphathelele kwimowudi yesi-3, kucacile ukuba ifuna ukuqhuba ngokulawulwa ngakumbi, ngakumbi nge-gearbox ye-manual, apho ibonakale inzima - okanye ukungabikho kobuntu kunyawo lwasekunene - ukuze ibonakale kwisikrini. Umatshini wokuxela ngokuzenzekelayo - ukulinganisa kwimarike yaseMntla Melika -, nangona kungathandeki kakhulu ukusebenzisa, kuye kwaba lula kakhulu "ukukhanyisa" inombolo yesangqa sesi-3.
Ukusetyenziswa? Asazi!
Ndiye ndabuza, kodwa akukho namnye oweza namanani abambekayo. Ikhompyuter ekwibhodi "yayicwangciswe ngobuchule" ngeteyiphu yokuncamathelisa, ke okwangoku sinokuthembela kuphela kwiingxelo zophawu.Inqaku lokugqibela leeprototypes ezazisele ziyinxalenye yoyilo olutsha - lukhuni ngakumbi kwaye luvumela amanqanaba amakhulu okuphuculwa kwangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuba ungalibali ukuba ezi yayiziiprototypes zophuhliso, ngoko kwakumangalisa ukuba ezi zisulungekisiweyo kwaye zingenasandi kunemveliso yangoku i-Mazda3 - isizukulwana esilandelayo siyathembisa ...
I-Mazda3 entsha iya kuba yi-SKYACTIV-X yokuqala
Okunokwenzeka ukuba, i-Mazda3 iya kuba yimodeli yokuqala yokufumana i-SKYACTIV-X entsha, ngoko akude kube lixesha elithile ngo-2019 apho siya kukwazi ukubona impumelelo ye-injini.
Ngokumalunga noyilo, uKevin Rice, intloko yeziko loyilo leMazda laseYurophu, usixelele ukuba inkangeleko iyonke yeKai Concept iyaveliswa, oku kuthetha ukuba ayikude kakhulu kuguqulelo lokugqibela lweMazda3 ezayo - libala ukuba ngamavili amakhulu, mini- izipili zokujonga ngasemva okanye ii-optics eziveziweyo...
I-85-90% yezisombululo zoyilo zeKai Concept zinokungena kwimveliso.
Ufikelele esiphelweni senqaku… ekugqibeleni!
Isithembiso silindelekile, sele etshilo uRui Veloso. Ke nalu uhlobo lwembuyekezo. I-kamehameha ye-epic ekhumbula iziganeko ngaphakathi kwamagumbi okutsha kwe-SKYACTIV-X injini.