Makhe sibuyele emva ngoJuni 1924. Le ndawo yiStockholm kwaye lixesha lonyaka xa ikomkhulu laseSweden lelona limnandi kakhulu. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi angaphaya kwe-21°C kwaye iintsuku zihlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12 – umahluko phakathi kwenjikalanga yasebusika awunakuba mkhulu.
Kwakungenxa yale mvelaphi apho abahlobo ababini bexesha elide, u-Assar Gabrielsson kunye noGustav Larson, bathetha okokuqala malunga nokuseka uhlobo lwemoto. Mhlawumbi igama elithi “intetho” limsulwa kakhulu xa kujongwe lo msebenzi wamabhongo… kodwa siyaqhubeka.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kwaloo ncoko yokuqala, ngoAgasti 24, uAssar noLarson badibana kwakhona. Indawo yentlanganiso? Indawo yokutya kwaselwandle eStockholm.
Kwakukwenye yeetafile kule venkile yokutyela, ehanjiswa ngekreyifishi, apho kwasayinwa esinye sezona zibophelelo zibalulekileyo kushishino lweemoto - njengoko siya kuba nethuba lokubona kule minyaka ikhethekileyo ye-90 yeVolvo.
ukuqala kobuhlobo
Ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke, makhe sikhumbule indlela ibali lala madoda mabini eladibana ngayo. U-Assar Gabrielsson kunye noGustav Larson badibana kwinkampani yokuthwala, i-Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF).
UGabrielsson, ophumelele kwiSikolo soQoqosho saseStockholm, wayenomsebenzi omde kwi-SKF, apho wayebambe isikhundla soMlawuli Jikelele weNtengiso.
U-Larson wasebenza kwa-SKF kodwa njengenjineli, apho wayeka khona ngo-1919 waya kusebenza kwa-AB GALCO – naye ozinze eStockholm.
UGabrielsson noLarson babengengobantu bazana nje, kwakukho uvelwano lokwenene phakathi kwabo. Ngapha koko, babenezakhono zobuchwephesha ezihambelanayo. UGabrielsson wayenolwazi lwezoqoqosho kunye nobuchule bokufumana imali yokufumana iVolvo, ngelixa uLarson wayekwazi ukuyila nokwakha imoto.
Iinjongo zika-Assar Gabrielsson (ezilungileyo).
Ukwazi oku kuhambelana ngokwemigaqo yobuchwephesha kunye novelwano ngokwemigaqo yobuqu, njengoko usenokuba sele uqikelele, akuzange kube ngamabona-ndenzile ukuba uAssar Gabrielsson akhethe uGustav Larson ukuba atye “ilobster” edume kangaka.
Emva kwaloo ndlela yokuqala, u-Assar wayefuna ukwazi ukuba uGustav uya kwamkela (okanye hayi) ukuba amkele iprojekthi eyayinamabhongo njengoko yayinobungozi: ifumene i-brand yokuqala yemoto yaseSweden (i-SAAB ibonakala kuphela kwi-1949).
Kuthiwa ukusweleka komfazi wakhe kwingozi yemoto kwaba yintlantsi elahlekileyo ku-Assar Gabrielsson ukuqhubela phambili neprojekthi. UGustav Larson walwamkela olo celomngeni.
EZIPHATHELELEYO: Ileja yeemoto ezikhethekileyo. Iminyaka engama-90 yeVolvo.
Kwakuloo ntlanganiso phakathi kwaba bahlobo babini ukuba imigaqo yekamva ye-brand (engekabinalo igama) yasungulwa. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-90 kamva, iVolvo isathobela imigaqo efanayo.
"Intsimbi yaseSweden ilungile, kodwa iindlela zaseSweden zimbi." | U-Assar Gabrielsson kwincwadi engamashumi amathathu yeVolvo
Iimoto zakho bekufuneka zithembeke . Iimodeli eziveliswe ngamaJamani, isiNgesi kunye neMelika azizange ziyilwe okanye zilungiselelwe iimeko zemozulu ezinzima zaseScandinavia kunye neendlela ezimbi zaseSweden.
Ukongezelela ekuthembekeni, iimoto zabo kwakufuneka zikhuseleke. . Izinga eliphezulu leengozi kwiindlela zaseSweden kwiminyaka ye-1920 yayiyenye yeenkxalabo ezinkulu zikaGabrielsson kunye noLarson - njengoko sibona, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko bezikhona ukususela ekuqaleni kweVolvo.
Kwaba bahlobo babini, iimoto, njengophawu lwenkqubela phambili kunye nenkululeko, zazinembophelelo yokukhuseleka.
Ukususela kumagama ukuya ekusebenzeni
Ngokuhambelana neenjongo zeprojekthi, kwangolo suku lunye batya ilobster edumileyo, uGabrielson noLarson batyikitya isivumelwano somlomo. Kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka kamva, isivumelwano satyobelwa ngokunempumelelo, ngoDisemba 16, 1925. Isenzo sokuqala esindilekileyo.
Le khontrakthi ibonise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, indima eya kudlalwa ngumntu ngamnye kule projekthi.
UGustav wayejongene nenxalenye yobunjineli. Wayenoxanduva lokuyila imodeli yokuqala, kunye nokuseka isicwangciso sotyalo-mali kumzi-mveliso omtsha. Nge-caveat enye: iya kubuyiselwa kuphela ukuba isicwangciso siphumelele. Kwaye ngempumelelo yenzelwe ukuvelisa iimoto ezili-100 ubuncinane nge-1 kaJanuwari 1928. Umngcipheko awavumayo ukuwuthatha kuba ukwazile ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe e-AB Galco ngokunxuseneyo.
Emva koko, u-Assar Gabrielsson wathatha ingozi yemali yeprojekthi, apho wabeka yonke imali yakhe ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sokuphumelela.
Ejongene nale mingcipheko (phezulu), uAssar waqhubeka nokusebenza e-SKF. U-Björn Prytz, umlawuli olawulayo we-SKF, akazange ayichase le projekthi ukuba ayiphazamisani nokusebenza kwakhe kwinkampani.
Yayingeyiyo intshukumisa. Kwacingelwa yonke into
Abahlobo kunye nesidlo sasemini kwimini yehlobo emnandi. Oko kuthethiweyo, kuncinci okanye akukho nto yalatha kwiprojekthi yobungcali. Umbono ongalunganga ngokupheleleyo.
Njengoko sele sibonile, ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yeVolvo yayicatshangelwe kakuhle (ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko ngaphezu kwayo yonke into), kwakunjalo nakwisicwangciso soshishino (umbono kunye neqhinga).
Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eParis ngo-1921, uGabrielson, esebenzela iSKF njengomlawuli wezorhwebo, waqaphela ukuba kukho iinkampani ezithweleyo ezityala imali ngokuthe ngqo kushishino lweemoto ngokufunyanwa kweempawu zemoto. Ngale ndlela, babekwazi ukuphembelela ukhetho lwababoneleli kunye nokuqinisekisa umthamo omkhulu wee-odolo.
Ngaxa lithile phakathi kuka-1922 kunye no-1923, uGabrielsson wacebisa imodeli yeshishini efana ne-SKF kodwa ibhodi yabalawuli benkampani yaseSweden yalile.
Yonke into okanye akukho nto
Ingoma ka-SKF ethi 'enkosi kodwa hayi' ayizange imtyhafise amabhongo kaGabrielsson. Kangangokuba uGabrielsson, ngowe-1924, wenza isiphakamiso sokuba sasisandul’ ukuthetha noGustav Larson – loo ntlanganiso kwindawo yokutyela ukutya kwaselwandle.
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu yeMbali yeVolvo", uGabrielsson ubonisa kakuhle ubunzima bokwenza amalungiselelo enkxaso-mali yeprojekthi yakhe.
Abadlali bemizi-mveliso ye-Auto babenomdla kwiprojekthi yethu, kodwa yayilumdla onobubele. Akukho mntu wayenobuganga bokutyala imali kuhlobo lwemoto yaseSweden.
Sekunjalo, iprojekthi yaqhubela phambili. UGabrielsson kunye noLarson bagqibe ekubeni baqhubele phambili ekuveliseni iiprototypes ezili-10, ukuze kamva baveze kwakhona kwi-SKF. Kwakuphelele okanye akukho nto.
Kuthiwa isigqibo sokuvelisa iiprototypes ezili-10 endaweni yesinye kuphela yayiluhlobo “lwesicwangciso B”. Ukuba iprojekthi ayihambanga kakuhle, uGabrielsson unokuzama ukuthengisa amacandelo eprototype - iinkampani zithenga ngobuninzi. Ukuthengisa i-gearbox, i-injini, iperi yokuxhoma ayizange isebenze.
Ngaphezu koko, aba babini beshishini babeqinisekile ukuba i-SKF iya kwenza ukuba iprojekthi isebenze xa bebona iiprototypes zokuqala ze-ÖV 4 (kumfanekiso).
Inkolelo yayiyeyokuba onke amaxwebhu, izicwangciso kunye namanye amaxwebhu angaphakathi alandela iinkqubo zangaphakathi ze-SKF, ngoko ke, kwimeko apho isivumelwano senzeka, ukuhlanganiswa kweprojekthi kuya kukhawuleza.
Fika emsebenzini!
Iiprototypes zokuqala ezili-10 ze-ÖV 4 zakhiwe phantsi kweliso likaGustav Larson, kwindawo ye-AB Galco - inkampani apho le njineli yayisebenza khona kwaye yamqinisekisa amandla emali ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kule projekthi.
Isitudiyo sophuhliso sasikwelinye lamacandelo endlu yakhe. Kulapho uLarson, emva kosuku e-AB Galco, wajoyina ezinye iinjineli ezinesibindi ukuphuhlisa iiprototypes zokuqala.
“Isihlalo semali” yayiyenye indlu yabucala, kule meko yindlu kaGabrielsson. Yayiyindlela yokudlulisa ukhuseleko kubaboneleli. UGabrielson wayengumntu ohlonitshwa kakhulu kwishishini. Njengoko sibona, kwakukho imozulu yokwenene yokuqala.
Umsebenzi ufezekisiwe
Iprototype yokuqala yayilungile ngoJuni 1926. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko uLarson noGabrielsson bakhwela i-ÖV 4 kwaye baqhubela eGothenburg kuyo ukuze babonise isicwangciso sotyalo-mali kwi-SKF. Ukungena oloyiso, ukufika ngemoto yakho. Uqaqambileyo, awucingi?
Ngo-Agasti 10, 1926 ibhodi yabalawuli be-SKF yagqiba ekubeni inike ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwiprojekthi kaGabrielsson noLarson. "Bala kuthi!"
Kwiintsuku nje ezimbini emva koko, isivumelwano satyikitywa phakathi kwe-SKF kunye no-Assaf Gabrielsson, echaza ukutshintshwa kweeprototypes ezili-10 kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu axhasayo le projekthi. Esi sabelo siya kwenziwa kwinkampani ebizwa ngokuba yiVolvo AB.
Ubuyazi lonto? Igama elithi Volvo lisuka kwisiLatini kwaye lithetha "I Roll" (I roll), isalathiso kwintshukumo ejikelezayo yeebheringi. Yabhaliswa ngo-1915, uhlobo lweVolvo ekuqaleni yayiyenkampani ye-SKF kwaye yadalwa ukubiza uluhlu lweebheringi ezikhethekileyo zase-USA.
Esi sivumelwano sikwachaze intlawulo yalo lonke utyalo-mali luka-Assar kwiprojekthi. UGustav Larson naye wahlawulwa ngawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Babeyenzile.
NgoJanuwari 1, 1927, nasemva kweminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi onzima, uAssar Gabrielsson wabizwa ngokuba ngumongameli weVolvo. Emva koko, uGustav Larson wabizwa ngokuba ngusekela mongameli we-brand kwaye wathi ndlela-ntle ku-AB Galco.
Ibali liqala apha
Kwiinyanga ezintlanu kamva, ngo-10 ekuseni, u-Hilmer Johansson, umlawuli wentengiso ye-brand yaseSweden, wathatha indlela yokuqala imveliso yeVolvo ÖV4.
Imodeli eyayiza kwaziwa ngokuba yi "Jakob", iblue blue emnyama eguquguqukayo enabagadi abamnyama, exhotyiswe nge-injini ye-4-cylinder - bona apha.
Ibali leVolvo ngokwenene liqala apha kwaye kuninzi ekufuneka sikuxelelwe. Sineminye iminyaka engama-90 yeengozi kunye neengozi zeVolvo, ubunzima kunye noloyiso esinokwabelana ngalo kule nyanga apha eRazão Automóvel.
Silandele ukuze ungaphoswa zizahluko ezilandelayo zale Volvo 90th Anniversary Special.
