Yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Iindlela ezonakeleyo, ezizele yimingxunya, zityhala imidibaniso yomhlaba ukuya kumda kwaye ziguge phambi kwexesha. Okanye nokuba ikhokelela ekupheleni kwayo, nokuba kukubhobhoza kunye nokugqabhuka kwamatayara, okanye i-absorber yokothuka eyonakeleyo.
Iindleko ziphezulu, kubaqhubi, abajongene namatyala aphezulu okulungisa, kunye noomasipala kunye namanye amaqumrhu, ekufuneka agcine okanye aphinde aphinde akhe ezi ndlela zinye.
Ngoku, abaphandi baseSwitzerland bafikelele kwisisombululo esijongeka ngakumbi njengomlingo… mnyama, njengethoni ye-asphalt. Bakwazile ukwenza iindlela ezikwaziyo ukuzilungisa, ukunqanda ukubunjwa kwemingxuma embi. Kodwa akusiyo imilingo, kodwa isayensi elungileyo, usebenzisa i-nano-teknoloji ukuxazulula ingxaki ekhoyo ukususela ekubeni indlela edibeneyo yenziwa.
Inokwenzeka njani into yokuba indlela izilungise?
Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde ukuba imingxunya yakheka njani. I-asphalt indlela yenziwe ngayo iphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noomatshini, ungakhankanyi ukubonakaliswa rhoqo kwizinto. Ezi zinto zityhala izinto kumda, zivelisa iintanda ezincinci, eziye zanda ngokuhamba kwexesha de ziyeke ukuba ziintanda kwaye ziphele zibe yimingxuma.
Okokuthi, ukuba sithintela ukubunjwa kweentanda, siya kuthintela ukubunjwa kwemingxuma. Uyathanda? Imfihlelo ikwibhitumene - into emnyama yokubopha i-viscous, ephuma kwioli ekrwada, egcina zonke izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-asphalt kunye.
Kwi-bitumen eyaziwayo, isixa esichanekileyo se-iron oxide nanoparticles yongezwa esiqinisekisa iipropati zokulungisa. Ezi xa zisesichengeni semagnethi shushu. Kwaye zifudumeza ukuya kwindawo apho zinokunyibilikisa ibhitumene, ngaloo ndlela zizalise naziphi na iintanda.
Etienne Jeoffroy, ETH Zurich kunye neMpa Complex Materials LaboratoryIngcamango kukuba i-nano-particles idibaniswe ne-binder [...] kwaye ishushu ide ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivale iintanda.
Esi sisombululo asikuthinteli ukubunjwa kweentanda ngokwazo. Ngamanye amazwi, kuya kunyanzela indlela ukuba ibonakaliswe, amaxesha ngamaxesha, kwintsimi yamagnetic ukwenzela ukuba iimpawu zokuvuselela izinto eziphathekayo zisebenze. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, kuya kwanela kanye ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesisombululo. Kwaye ngcono noko, ubude bendlela bunokwandiswa ngexesha, ukuya kutsho ngokuphindwe kabini kunangoku.
Ukuphila ixesha elide, iindleko eziphantsi kwexesha elide. Kwaye akuyi kufuneka izakhono ezintsha okanye izixhobo zokwakha iindlela, njengoko i-nano-particles yongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela i-bitumen.
Ukubonisa indlela kwimagnethi, abaphandi bacebisa ukuba kuxhotyiswe izithuthi ngeekhoyili ezinkulu, oko kukuthi, iijenereyitha zommandla wombane wombane. Xa kufika ixesha lokulungiswa kwendlela, yayiza kuvalwa kangangeeyure ezimbalwa, nto leyo evumela ukuba ezi jenereyitha zijikeleze.
Ukuze isisombululo sisebenze ngokupheleleyo, indlela kufuneka yakhiwe ngale nto ukusuka ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ayithinteli ukuba isetyenziswe kwiindlela esele zikho, njengoko uJeoffroy esitsho: "Sinokuba ne-nano-particles kumxube kwaye kwindawo yethu sisebenzise i-magnetic field, ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo ukudibanisa izinto ezintsha kunye nezo indlela ekhoyo”.
Injongo yeqela ngoku kukufumana amaqabane oshishino anokulinganisa inkqubo kwaye afumane eyona ndlela inexabiso eliphezulu kwisicelo sayo.