Kunyaka ophelileyo sabhala nge-eFuel, i Amafutha okwenziwa evela eBosch, ekwaziyo ukutshintsha amafutha epetroleum esiwasebenzisayo ngoku. Ukuze sibenze, sifuna izithako ezimbini: i-H2 (i-Hydrogen) kunye ne-CO2 (i-carbon dioxide) - kunye nesithako sokugqibela sifunyenwe ngokuyibuyisela kwakhona ngeenkqubo zoshishino okanye ibanjwe ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni ngokwawo usebenzisa izihlungi.
Iingenelo zicacile. Amafutha abe ngoluhlobo Ikhabhoni engathathi hlangothi - oko kuveliswa ekutshisweni kwayo kuya kuphinda kubanjwe kwakhona ukwenza amafutha amaninzi -; akukho siseko esitsha sokusasaza esifunekayo - esikhoyo siyasetyenziswa; kwaye nasiphi na isithuthi, esitsha okanye esidala, sinokusebenzisa la mafutha, njengoko iipropathi zigcinwa zihambelana namafutha akhoyo.
Ngoko yintoni ingxaki?
Nangona sele kukho iinkqubo zokulinga eziqhubekayo, ngenkxaso karhulumente eJamani naseNorway, iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu, eziya kuncitshiswa kuphela ngokuveliswa kobuninzi kunye nokwehliswa kwexabiso lamandla avuselelekayo.Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ngoku lithathiwe malunga nokusasazwa kwexesha elizayo lamafutha okwenziwa. Inkampani yaseKhanada, iCarbon Engineering, ibhengeze ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwi-CO2 yokubamba, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zomsebenzi wonke. Itekhnoloji yokubamba i-CO2 sele ikhona, kodwa ngokobuNjineli beCarbon inkqubo yabo ifikeleleka ngakumbi, ukunciphisa iindleko ukusuka kwi-$600 ngetoni ukuya kwi-$100 ukuya kwi-$150 ngetoni nganye ye-CO2 ebanjwe.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
I-CO2 ekhoyo emoyeni ifunxwa ngabaqokeleli abakhulu abafana neenqaba zokupholisa, umoya odibana nesisombululo se-hydroxide engamanzi, ekwazi ukugcina i-carbon dioxide, ukuyiguqula ibe yisisombululo se-carbonate emanzi, inkqubo eyenzeka kwi-contactor yomoya. . Emva koko sifudukela "kwi-pellet reactor", ekhupha iipilisi ezincinci (iibhola zezinto eziphathekayo) ze-calcium carbonate ukusuka kwisisombululo se-carbonate esimanzi.
Emva kokumisa, i-calcium carbonate icutshungulwa nge-calciner eyitshisayo ukuya kwindawo yokubola kwi-CO2 kunye ne-calcium oxide eseleyo (eyokugqibela ihlaziywa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona "kwi-pellet reactor").
I-CO2 efunyenweyo inokumpontshwa phantsi komhlaba, ukuyibamba, okanye ukuyisebenzisa ukwenza amafutha okwenziwa. Indlela yoBunjineli beCarbon ayihlukanga kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezifumaneka kwi-pulp kunye neshishini lephepha, ngoko lo mzekelo - kwinqanaba lezixhobo zemichiza kunye neenkqubo - kuthetha ukuba kukho amandla okwenene okunyusa inkqubo kunye nokuyisungula ngokuthengisa.
Kuphela ngokufakela iiyunithi ezinkulu zokubamba umoya, ezibekwe ngaphandle kwezixeko kunye nakumhlaba ongenakulinywa, ukuba iindleko ze-100 ukuya kwi-150 yeedola ngetoni ye-CO2 ebanjwe, ihlanjululwe kwaye igcinwe kwi-bar ye-150 iya kwenzeka.
Inkampani yaseKhanada yadalwa ngo-2009 kwaye phakathi kwabatyali-mali bayo iBill Gates kwaye sele inesityalo esincinci sokubonisa i-pilot e-British Columbia, eCanada, kwaye ngoku izama ukutsala imali yokwakha iyunithi yokuqala yokubonisa kwinqanaba lezorhwebo.
ukusuka emoyeni ukuya kumafutha
Njengoko sele sikhankanyile kwi-eFuel ye-Bosch, i-CO2 ebanjwe emoyeni iya kudibaniswa ne-hydrogen - efunyenwe kwi-electrolysis yamanzi, isebenzisa amandla elanga, iindleko zayo ziqhubeka zinciphisa - ukwenza i-fuel fuel, njenge-petroli, i-diesel, okanye i-diesel. IJet-A, esetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya. La mafutha, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, angathathi hlangothi kwi-CO2 ekhutshwayo, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akayi kuphinda asebenzise i-crude.
Oku kuzisa ezinye iingenelo, njengoko i-fuel synthetic ayinayo i-sulfure kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, elivumela ukutshisa okucocekileyo, kungekhona nje ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, kodwa nokunciphisa ukungcola komoya.
