Nangona ii-injini zokutsha zangaphakathi zibonakala zineentsuku zazo zibaliwe, xa kufikwa kuluhlu lwezandisi, ii-injini zokutsha zangoku zisenelizwi lazo. AbakwaToyota basinika uhlaziyo lwamva nje olusaphuhliswayo.
Ngelixa zonke ezinye ii-brand zisebenzisa izandisi zoluhlu olusekwe kwiinjini zokutsha eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi, iToyota ithatha isigqibo sokuya kwelinye inyathelo, ngaphambi kokhuphiswano xa kufikwa kuluhlu lwezandiso zezithuthi zayo ezixutyiweyo nezombane.Kweli nqaku livela kwi-Autopédia Rubric, fumana zonke iinkcukacha zale njini ye-Toyota engasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imoto, kodwa kuphela ukuguqula amafutha kumbane wombane.
Imvelaphi yolu yilo lwezakhiwo
Ukuthatha imigaqo yoomatshini malunga neenkulungwane ezimbini ezadlulayo, iToyota yatsala inkuthazo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-injini yepiston yasimahla: injini yeStirling. I-injini eyayikade ikhuphisana ne-injini yomphunga, yayinokubuyela kwindawo eqaqambileyo phantse iminyaka engama-200 emva kokuvela kwayo.
Umbono weToyota, nangona kunjalo, awumtsha kwaphela kwishishini leemoto kwaye siya kuchaza ukuba kutheni. Ngexesha le-70's kwaye kamsinya emva kwentlekele ye-oyile - eyalishukumisa kakhulu icandelo leemoto - abavelisi abaninzi bazifumana benoxinzelelo olukhulu ukuba bamkele izisombululo ezisebenzisa amafutha amancinci.
UKUKHUMBULA: Ngenxa yengxaki yeoli ye-70s, yayiyiPortugal eyasungula i-1974 World Rally Championship.
Kwakungelo xesha, ngo-1978, apho kwavela enye yezona zilungelelaniso ezilungileyo ze-injini ye-Stirling kwishishini leemoto. I-1977 Opel Rekord 2100 Diesel Sedan yayiyeyona hagu ifanelekileyo yokufumana injini ye-Stirling P-40 ka-1978, iphuhliswe ngentsebenziswano enobuchule obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili phakathi kwe-arhente yase-US ye-NASA kunye ne-GM (kumfanekiso ongentla).
I-injini ye-Stirling P-40 yayine-advanteji yokusebenza kuzo zombini i-petroli kunye ne-Diesel, okanye nasetywaleni. Kuya kuba yimoto ye-2 "flex fuel" kwimbali emva kwe-1908 Ford Model T, enokuthi isebenze kwi-petroli, i-kerosene okanye i-ethanol ephuhliweyo.
Ngo-1979 iya kuba lithuba le-AMC (i-American Motors Corporation) ukuba isebenzise injini ye-P-40 efanayo yoMoya, kodwa ukusebenza akuzange kuqinisekise abathengi. Iprojekthi ethe, nangona ingaphumelelanga, yamisela umzekelo kushishino lweemoto zehlabathi. Umfanekiso ongezantsi:
Ukusukela emva ukuya kuthi ga namhlanje: Inguqulelo kaToyota
Emva kwayo yonke le minyaka, ukuveliswa kweToyota kuhamba inyathelo elinye. Ukuthatha ngokuthe ngqo ingqikelelo eyaphuhliswa yi-NASA ngo-2012 njengejenereyitha yeradioisotope, eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukunika amandla isathelayithi, kunye nobunzima obungama-20kg, iToyota yazama ukubuyisela injini yepiston yasimahla njengejenereyitha yamandla elungeleleneyo yeebhetri zemoto.
Njengombono owenziwe yi-NASA, le injini ye-piston yamahhala ayinayo intonga yokudibanisa okanye i-crankshaft yokuhambisa intshukumo eyenziwe. Njengoko unokubona kwimifanekiso (ngezantsi), endaweni yeendawo ezihamba phambili ze-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, sinegumbi legesi elicinezelweyo, elisebenza njengentwasahlobo, libuyisela ipiston kumjikelezo omtsha wokutsha.
Injini ye-Toyota ye-piston yamahhala njengejenereyitha yomgca ine-W-shape, apho i-piston ibekwe embindini wobumbeko lwe-W. Le injini ye-piston yamahhala isebenza phantse ngathi yi-injini ye-2-stroke. Iigesi ezikhuphayo zikhutshwa ngeevalvu phezulu kwentloko ye-cylinder, ngelixa umoya womjikelezo omtsha ungena nge-lateral intake manifolds, ukulungele ukuxinzelelwa kwaye udibanise i-injection ngqo yepetroli, ukutshisa umxube.
Emva kokwandiswa okuveliswe ngokutshiswa komxube, igumbi legesi elisezantsi lisebenza njengentwasahlobo ebuyisela ipiston kwi-PMS yayo (iziko eliphezulu elifile).
Kodwa i-injini ye-Toyota yasimahla yepiston njengejenereyitha yomgca ikwazi njani ukuvelisa umsinga wombane?
Ngaphandle kwe-injini kunye ne-W configuration, kukho imagnethi, eyenziwe nge-neodymium, isinyithi kunye ne-boron, kwaye ijikeleze igumbi lokutsha kukho i-coil, eyakhiwe ngocingo lobhedu. Ngokuhamba rhoqo phakathi kweemagnethi kunye nekhoyili, umbane wombane uyaveliswa, othunyelwa kwibhetri.
Ukunciphisa ingcamango encinci, i-neodymium ayisiyonto entsha ngokupheleleyo. Isetyenziswe ixesha elide kwaye ide iveliswe ngokwenziwa, nangona i-neodymium - ngokuxhomekeke kwi-nomenclature ye-molecular - iphakathi kwezinye zesinyithi ezinqabileyo emhlabeni. Le khompawundi, yafunyanwa ngo-1982, iye yanda kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye phantse kulo lonke ishishini lombane.
Olu hlobo lwe-injini eyenziwe yi-Toyota ayinamandla ngakumbi, enyanisweni uyilo lwayo oluhlangeneyo luyilwe ngokupheleleyo ngembono yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nobunzima obuphantsi beseti, kwaye amandla aveliswayo akwi-10kW nje, malunga ne-13 yamandla eehashe. Nangona kunjalo, ivelisa amandla angaphezu kwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba kuphela iiyunithi ezi-2 ezisebenza ngaxeshanye zikwazi ukuvelisa umsinga wombane owaneleyo weToyota Yaris okanye ukulingana nokufikelela kwizantya zokuhamba kuhola wendlela we-120km/h.
Nanjengoko iseyiprojekthi ephantsi kophuhliso, iToyota isenomsebenzi omde ekufuneka iyihambile phambi kokuba ithengise obu buchwepheshe. Kuba ukuba kwelinye icala iindleko zemveliso ayizizo iibenchmarks, kusekho imiba yobugcisa engekasonjululwa efana neendleko zokugcina kunye nokungcangcazela, nto leyo esele ikhokelele ukuba iToyota ithathele ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwenjini yayo entsha ngendlela echaseneyo, ukuze kuthomalaliswe umbane. ingxolo kunye neentshukumo ezisasazwayo.
Iimpawu zale injini ye-Toyota ye-piston yamahhala nayo inokuguqulwa, njengoko ifunekayo, njengoko i-valve yokulawula uxinzelelo kwigumbi legesi inokulungelelaniswa nokuqina komphumo "wentwasahlobo".
Hlala nale vidiyo, apho unokubona le ndalo yeToyota: