Ingxelo esemthethweni yeToyota ayikwazanga ukuqalisa ngakumbi: "Kuvakala ngathi ngumlingo: sibeka isixhobo esithile ekunxibelelaneni nomoya, siveze ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye siqala ukuvelisa i-fuel simahla."
Simahla? Uyathanda?
Okokuqala, i-fuel ababhekisela kuyo ayikho i-petroli okanye i-diesel, kodwa i-hydrogen. Kwaye njengoko sisazi, iToyota ngomnye wabadlali abaphambili kule ndawo, iimoto zeeseli zamafutha, okanye iiseli zamafutha, ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen ukuvelisa amandla ombane afunekayo ukubeka isithuthi kwigiya.
Omnye wemiqobo emikhulu ekwandeni kobu buchwepheshe uhlala ngokuchanekileyo kwimveliso ye-hydrogen. Nangona iyona nto ininzi kakhulu kwindalo yonke, ngelishwa ihlala ibonakala "iqhotyoshelwe" kwenye into - umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-molecule yamanzi, i-H2O - efuna iinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neendleko zokuzahlula kunye nokuzigcina.
Kwaye njengoko iToyota ikhumbula, imveliso ye-hydrogen isasebenzisa amafutha e-fossil, imeko apho uphawu lwaseJapan luzimisele ukuyitshintsha.
Ngokwengxelo evela kwaToyota Motor Europe (TME) bafezekise ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngentsebenziswano ne-DIFFER (iZiko laseDatshi loPhando lwaMandla aSisiseko) iphuhlise isixhobo esikwaziyo ukufunxa umphunga wamanzi okhoyo emoyeni, sahlula ngokuthe ngqo i-hydrogen kunye neoksijini kusetyenziswa amandla elanga kuphela. — kungoko sifumana amafutha asimahla.
Kukho izizathu ezibini zolu phuhliso ludibeneyo. Okokuqala, sidinga amafutha amatsha, azinzileyo - njenge-hydrogen - anokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha e-fossil; okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse.
Icandelo loPhando lweMathiriyeli ePhakamileyo ye-TME kunye neqela le-DIFFER's Catalytic and Electromechanical for Energy Applications iqela, elikhokelwa nguMihalis Tsampas, basebenze kunye ukuphumeza indlela yokwahlula amanzi kumacandelo awo akhoyo kwisigaba segesi (umphunga) hayi kwinqanaba lolwelo oluxhaphakileyo. Izizathu zicaciswe nguMihalis Tsampas:
Mihalis Tsampas, IiNkqubo zeCatalytic kunye ne-Electromechanical kwizicelo zaMandla ezivela kwi-DIFFERUkusebenza ngerhasi endaweni yolwelo kuneengenelo ezininzi. Ulwelo luneengxaki ezithile, njengokudumba okungacetywanga. Ngaphezu koko, ngokusebenzisa amanzi kwisigaba sawo segesi endaweni yesigaba sawo solwelo, asidingi zixhobo zeendleko zokucoca amanzi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, njengoko sisebenzisa kuphela amanzi akhoyo emoyeni osijikelezileyo, iteknoloji yethu iyasebenza kwiindawo ezikude apho amanzi engekho.
Bhalisa kwitshaneli yethu yeYouTube
Iprototype yokuqala
I-TME kunye ne-DIFFER ibonise indlela umgaqo osebenza ngayo, ukuphuhlisa iseli entsha ye-photoelectrochemical cell ekwazi ukuthabatha amanzi kumoya we-ambient, apho, emva kokuvela elangeni, yaqala ukuvelisa i-hydrogen.
Lo mzekelo wokuqala ukwazile ukufikelela i-70% echukumisayo yokusebenza efunyenwe ngesixhobo esilinganayo esizaliswe ngamanzi - ethembisayo. Inkqubo iquka i-polymeric electrolyte membranes, i-photoelectrodes ene-porous kunye nezixhobo ezifakwe emanzini, ezidibaniswe kwisixhobo esithile esine-membrane edibeneyo.
amanyathelo alandelayo
Iprojekthi ethembisayo, ngokwembono yeziphumo esele zifunyenwe, ikwazile ukwabelwa imali evela kwiNgxowa-mali ye-NWO ENW PPS. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuphucula isixhobo. Iprototype yokuqala yasebenzisa i-photoelectrodes eyaziwayo ukuba izinzile kakhulu, kodwa yayinemida yayo, njengoko i-Tsampas isitsho: "...izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zifunxa ukukhanya kwe-UV, okwenza ngaphantsi kwe-5% yakho konke ukukhanya kwelanga okufika eMhlabeni. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokwandisa ulwakhiwo lokwandisa amanzi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. "
Emva kokoyisa lo mqobo, kunokwenzeka ukukhulisa itekhnoloji. Iiseli ze-photoelectrochemical ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-hydrogen zincinci kakhulu (malunga ne-1 cm2). Ukuze babe namandla kwezoqoqosho kufuneka bakhule ubuncinane iiodolo ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zobukhulu (i-100 ukuya kwi-1000 ngokuphindwe kabini).
Ngokutsho kukaTsampas, nangona engekafiki apho, unethemba lokuba olu hlobo lwenkqubo kwixesha elizayo alunakunceda ekuhambiseni iimoto kuphela, koko nasekuhambiseni amakhaya.