I-Toyota, eyayiphambili kwinguquko yemoto ukuya kwi-paradigm eyongezelelekileyo nezinzileyo- kwakungo-1997 apho iToyota Prius yaqala urhwebo lwayo, uthotho lokuqala oluveliswe umxube--, kufuneka kwakhona "isonge imikhono”.
Inqanaba lehlabathi apho uphawu lwaseJapan lusebenza khona lutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye imiceli mngeni esijongene nayo kufuneka sihlangabezane nayo - ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nemithombo yendalo elinganiselweyo.
I-teknoloji ye-Hybrid yodwa ayibonakali yanele, nangona impembelelo yenani eliphezulu leenqwelo ze-hybrid eziveliswe ukususela kwi-1997 - ngaphezu kwe-12 yezigidi, ehambelana nokunciphisa i-90 yeetoni zezigidi ze-CO2 ezikhutshwe. Inani elilindeleke ukuba likhule kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo, kunye nokwandiswa kwetheknoloji kwiimodeli ezininzi - injongo yokuthengisa i-1.5 yezigidi zeemoto zombane ngonyaka kwi-2020 ifikeleleke kwi-2017, ngoko imfuno ayilindelekanga ukuba iyancipha.
Ingaba iToyota iyakukhawulezisa njani ukufakwa kombane kwiimodeli zayo?
I-Toyota Hybrid System II (THS II)
I-THS II iyaqhubeka iyinkqubo ye-series / parallel hybrid, ngamanye amazwi, zombini injini yokutsha kunye ne-injini yombane isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa isithuthi, kunye ne-injini ye-thermal nayo ikwazi ukusebenza njengejenereyitha yombane ekusebenzeni kombane. injini yombane. Ii-injini zinokusebenza ngokwahlukeneyo okanye kunye, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, zihlala zijonge ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.
Isicwangciso sele siyilwe kule minyaka ilishumi izayo (2020-2030) kwaye injongo icacile. Ngo-2030 i-Toyota ijolise ekuthengiseni ngaphezu kwe-5.5 yezigidi zeenqwelo zombane ngonyaka, apho isigidi esinye siya kuba yi-100% yezithuthi zombane - nokuba ibhetri-powered okanye i-fuel cell.
Isicwangciso sisekelwe kukukhawuleza okukhawulezileyo ekuphuhliseni kunye nokuqaliswa kwezithuthi ezininzi ezixubileyo (i-HEV, isithuthi sombane esixubileyo), i-plug-in hybrid vehicles (i-PHEV, i-plug-in hybrid electric vehicle), izithuthi zombane zebhetri (BEV, isithuthi sombane webhetri ) kunye nezithuthi zombane zeeseli zamafutha (i-FCEV, isithuthi sombane se-fuel cell).
Ke, ngo-2025, zonke iimodeli kuluhlu lweToyota (kubandakanywa neLexus) ziya kuba nombane oguquguqukayo okanye imodeli enesipho sombane kuphela, inciphisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiimodeli eziphuhliswe ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo umbane.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqaliswa kwe-10 100% yeemodeli zombane kwiminyaka ezayo, ukuqala e-China kunye noguqulelo lombane lwe-C-HR ethandwayo ngo-2020. Kamva i-100% ye-Toyota yombane iya kuqaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe eJapan, e-Indiya, e-United States yaseMelika. , kwaye kunjalo, eYurophu.
Xa sibhekisela kumbane, sidibanisa ngokukhawuleza iibhetri, kodwa kwiToyota nayo ithetha iseli fuel . Ngo-2014 iToyota yasungula i-Mirai, i-saloon yokuqala yeeseli eziveliswa ngokulandelelana, kwaye ngoku ithengiswa eJapan, e-USA naseYurophu. Njengoko singena kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane zeeseli zamafutha ziya kwandiswa kungekuphela nje kwizithuthi ezininzi zabakhweli kodwa nakwizithuthi zorhwebo.
Ubhejo oluqiniweyo oluxutyiweyo
Ubhejo kwimixube kukuqhuba kwaye uqinise. Kwakungo-1997 apho sadibana ne-hybrid yokuqala eyaveliswayo, i-Toyota Prius, kodwa namhlanje uluhlu oluxubileyo lusuka kwi-Yaris encinci ukuya kwi-RAV4 enkulu.
I-Toyota Hybrid System II, esele ikhona kwi-Prius yakutshanje kunye ne-C-HR, iya kwandiswa kwiimodeli ezintsha ezisondele ekubetheni imarike, njenge-Corolla ebuyile (kunye nentsha). Kodwa i-122 hp 1.8 HEV eqhelekileyo iya kudityaniswa kungekudala ngumxube onamandla ngakumbi. Kuza kuxhomekeka kwiToyota Corolla entsha ukuba iqalise i-2.0 HEV entsha, enejucier eyi-180 hp.
Olu lwahluko olutsha lwe-hybrid lwakha kumandla enkqubo yesine yesizukulwana esixutyiweyo, esifana nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokuphendula okuphuculweyo kunye nomgca, kodwa uyongeza. amandla amaninzi, ukukhawuleza kunye nesimo sengqondo esiguqukayo. Ngokutsho kweToyota, esi sisiphakamiso esikhethekileyo, kungekho enye injini eqhelekileyo ekwaziyo ukunika indibaniselwano efanayo yokusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi.
I-injini yokutshisa i-2.0 Dynamic Force, nangona ukuzinikela okucacileyo ekusebenzeni, ayizange ilibale ukusebenza kakuhle, equkethe umlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyanzeliswa kwe-14: 1, kunye nokufikelela kwi-benchmark ye-40% yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, okanye i-41% xa idibene ne-hybrid system , ngenxa ukuncitshiswa kwelahleko yamandla ehambelana nokuphuma kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa. Le njini idibana nemimiselo yangoku kunye neyexesha elizayo.
Esi siphakamiso sitsha siza kuboniswa okokuqala yiToyota Corolla entsha, kodwa siza kufikelela kwiimodeli ezininzi, ezifana ne-C-HR.
Njengoko singena kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ukwandiswa kweteknoloji ye-hybrid ukuya kwiimodeli ezininzi kuya kuqhubeka, zombini kunye nale 2.0 entsha, kwaye kwelinye icala le-spectrum, siya kubona ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-hybrid elula, ukugubungela zonke iintlobo abathengi.
Lo mxholo uxhaswe ngu