Iibhetri. Ingxaki engunaphakade yezixhobo zombane, nokuba ziiselfowuni, iimoto okanye… kwanolawulo lukamabonakude ekhaya (kodwa ungacofeli ngakumbi amaqhosha). Kodwa mhlawumbi ayisiyongxaki “engunaphakade” njengaleyo...
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseBristol eNgilani baye bafumana indlela yokuguqula amawaka eetoni zenkunkuma yenyukliya zibe ziibhetri zedayimane. Ezi bhetri zinokuvelisa umsinga wombane ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10,000 ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshaja kwakhona.
Kodwa ukuqonda ngcono le nkqubo intsha, Kufanelekile ukunikela imigca embalwa kwindlela esivelisa ngayo umbane ngoku.
Okwangoku, zonke iinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane zifuna umthombo wamandla, osetyenziselwa ukuguqula imagnethi (coil) kunye nokuvelisa okwangoku. Le yindlela, umzekelo, izityalo ezisebenza ngombane wamanzi (amadama), iinqaba zomoya, izityalo zombane oshushu okanye izityalo zenyukliya.
Kwimeko yamandla omoya, yintoni eyenza iincakuba zijikeleze kwaye ngenxa yoko ikhoyili ngumoya. Kwizityalo zamandla e-thermoelectric kunye nenyukliya, ngumphunga wamanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukufudumala ngokutshiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo okanye ubushushu be-uranium, eyenza ikhoyili ivelise ngoku. Zonke ezi ndlela zineengenelo kunye nezingeloncedo.
Kwimeko yamadama, impembelelo yenzeke kwinqanaba lezilwanyana zendawo kunye nezityalo. Ezinye iifom zivelisa inkunkuma (izikhululo zamandla enyukliya) okanye zikhuphele izinto ezingcolisa umoya emoyeni (izikhululo zamandla ombane obushushu obutshiswa ngamalahle, njl. njl.).
Imfihlelo yeebhetri zedayimani
Ngokungafaniyo nemizekelo yangaphambili, iibhetri zedayimane azifuni amandla e-kinetic ukuvelisa umbane. Xa imathiriyeli ye-radioactive ijikwa ibe yidayimane, ngokuzenzekelayo ivelisa umsinga wombane.
UTom Scott, uNjingalwazi weZizinto kwiDyunivesithi yaseBristolAkukho malungu ashukumayo abandakanyekayo kwiibhetri zedayimani, akukho kukhutshwa kongcoliseko kwaye akukho londolozo
Iibhetri zedayimani zenziwa kwiCarbon-14, ethi kamva iguqulwe ibe yidayimani yokwenziwa - njengoko uyazi, izinto eziluhlaza zedayimani yikhabhoni, ikhabhoni ngokulula.
Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa iCarbon-14 kukuba le nto iyintsalela yeebhloko zegraphite ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuphendula kwi-nuclei yezityalo zamandla enyukliya. Ezi bloko, emva kokusetyenziswa, yinkunkuma ene-radioactive engenamsebenzi kwaphela. Ukuthi ga…
Ikamva "elicocekileyo" lenkunkuma yenyukliya
Ngombulelo kobu buchwepheshe, kunokwenzeka ukunika ukusetyenziswa okutsha kwezemali, indalo esingqongileyo kunye nolungiselelo lobusuku benkunkuma ye-radioactive.
Ngaphaya koko, imitha yeCarbon-14 yoluhlu olufutshane kulula ukuyilawula kwaye kulula ukufunxwa zezinye izinto ezifana nedayimani.
Kwaye ukuze kungabikho ngozi yemitha, abaphandi baphuhlisa i-high-resistance coating ekwazi ukuqulatha ukusasazeka kwemitha. Ikhupha imitha emincinci kunebhanana, kodwa apha sihamba…
Yintoni amandla akhoyo ebhetri yedayimani?
Ngaphezu koko ucinga. Ibhetri ene-1 gram yeCarbon-14 iya kuthatha iminyaka eyi-5,730 ukuba ihlawulwe nge-50%. Ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ngokufanayo neselfowuni yam… okanye hayi!
Ngokuthelekisa, ibhetri ene-1 gram yeCarbon-14 iya kukwazi ukuvelisa i-15 joules yonke imihla. Isitaki se-AA se-20 grams semathiriyeli sinokubamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-700 joules ngegram nganye, kodwa siya kusetyenziswa kwiiyure nje ezingama-24 zokusetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ukukhumbula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza ibhetri engaphezulu kwe-1 gram yeCarbon-14, sinokuba nayo kwixesha elizayo ibhetri "engunaphakade", okanye ubuncinci, kunye nobomi obude obude kunobomi bomntu.
Ikhuselekile?
Kuyabonakala ukuba, utshiso lwemitha olukhutshwa zezi bhetri lunamandla njenge…ibhanana. Ewe, ibhanana. Bukela ividiyo (umzuzu 3:30):
Ngokutsho kweDyunivesithi yaseBristol, “Ezi bhetri zinokusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kungenakwenzeka ukutshaja okanye endaweni yebhetri eqhelekileyo. Omnye weyona mizekelo icacileyo ngabenzi besantya sezigulane zentliziyo, iibhetri zesathelayithi okanye ii-spacecraft. Mhlawumbi, kwishishini leemoto nayo inokudlala indima.
Eli qela labaphandi likholelwa ukuba kusekho indlela ende yokuhamba, kodwa amandla ale teknoloji yinyani. Ngoku ukuba ungandixolela, ndiza kufaka ifowuni echargeni...