Okwamanje ayisasebenzi, ngenxa yezindleko zobuchwepheshe ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kuphela, izinjini zikadizili, kuze kube muva nje, zaziyi “amaqhawe” embonini yezimoto. Bawine eLe Mans (Peugeot and Audi), bawina ukudayiswa bazuza izigidi zabathengi. Kodwa bambalwa abazokwazi ukuthi iFiat iwuphawu olubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweDiesels njengoba sibazi namuhla.
Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngalowo mnikelo. Futhi yindatshana ende, mhlawumbe yinde kakhulu.
Kodwa uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngicabanga ukuthi kuwufanele ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa yokuphila, ukubhala (nokufunda…), ezinye iziqephu eziphawula impilo yenjini eyake yaba yinhle futhi manje…isilo!
Kafushane: isigebengu esizondwa kakhulu yizo zonke izinhlangano “ezinohlaza” egameni lazo.
wonke umuntu waseYurophuPhila Kadizili!
Bese? Ingabe sonke sasinephutha mayelana nobuhle balesi sixazululo? Impendulo ithi cha.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kuhlangene nezindleko eziphansi zikadizili, itorque etholakala kumarev aphansi kanye nokwenyuka kobumnandi bokushayela kwaba (futhi kwezinye izimo kuqhubeka kube) izimpikiswano ezinamandla kubathengi - ngisanda kuhlola iBMW enenjini engu-3.0 l Dizili futhi wuhlanya kuphela olungasho kabi ngaleyo njini.
Kusukela ku-SUV encane kunazo zonke kuya kumphathi ophambili, imboni yezimoto yaseYurophu yayinokudla okusekelwe kudizili. Kakhulu noma kuncane kangangokuthi ngisho nenganekwane Amahora angu-24 we-Le Mans ayiphunyukanga "i-dieselmania". Mayelana nentela, kuncane konke okwenziwayo ukwenza lo mafutha ube yintandokazi yezinkampani kanye nabathengi abazimele. E-Portugal kusenjalo.
Kudingeka ukwenziwa kokuqukethwe...
Njalo uma ngikhuluma ngezinjini zikadizili ngiyagcizelela ekutheni lokhu kuhambisane nesimo ngoba, kungazelele muntu, kubukeka sengathi uDizili izinjini ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi sonke saba iziphukuphuku ngokuba nemoto kaDizili egaraji lethu. Besingekho. Ngeneliseke kakhulu nge-«old» yami iMégane II 1.5 DCi kusukela ngo-2004…
CHA! Akuzona izinjini ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi cha, awusona isilima.
Kwakuyimithetho evimbelayo eyandayo yezemvelo (esheshiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi), ehambisana nokuvela kwemishini kaphethiloli, kanye nokuhlasela kwakamuva kakhulu kwamamotho kagesi, okunqume ukufa kancane kwalesi sixazululo. Izikhungo zase-Europe ezake zaqhakambisa uDizili yizo lezi ezifuna ukudivosa namuhla ngecala nalezi zinjini, okuwuhlobo lokuthi “akulona iphutha lakho, yimina engishintshile. kuzomele siqede…”.
Ngiyavuma ukuthi ngizizwa ngingakhululekile lapho ngibona osopolitiki bekhomba izixazululo, kuyilapho empeleni kufanele bagcine ngokukhomba imigomo - abakhi mabathathe indlela ababona ilungile ukuze bafeze izinhloso eziphakanyiswe amandla ezombusazwe hhayi ngenye indlela. nxazonke. Ngendlela efanayo naleyo "abasidayise ngayo" esikhathini esidlule ukuthi uDizili bekuyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu (futhi bebenge…), namuhla bazama ukusithengisela amamotho kagesi. Ingabe banephutha? Okwedlule kusitshela ukuthi kungenzeka.
Okungenani ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu obonakala enelisekile ngendlela izikhungo zaseYurophu eziyithathayo. I-Mazda isivele isimemezele isizukulwane esisha sezinjini ezivuthayo ezisebenza kahle njengamamotho kagesi; UCarlos Tavares, oyi-CEO ye-PSA, naye wabelane ngezinto ezimkhathazayo; futhi kuleli sonto nje kube nguLinda Jackson, uMqondisi Omkhulu wakwa-Citroën, owehlise okulindelekile ezitimeleni zikagesi.
Izixazululo eceleni, sonke siyavuma ukuthi ukhiye ukwehlisa umthelela wemvelo wokuhamba emhlabeni. Mhlawumbe izinjini ezivuthayo zingaba ingxenye yesixazululo esikhundleni senkinga.
Ngenkathi uDiesel bekuyinjini embi kakhulu emhlabeni
Namuhla akuzona izinjini ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa zake zaba njalo. Udizili wake waba izihlobo ezimpofu zezinjini ezivuthayo - kwabaningi, ziyaqhubeka nokuba njalo. Futhi ngemva kwalesi singeniso esikhulu (nokugxekwa okuthile phakathi...), yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho: ukuvela kwezinjini ze-diesel. Kusukela ezinjinini ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, kuye kwezingcono kakhulu emhlabeni (e-Europe)… kuya kwezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi.
Indaba enesiphetho esidabukisayo ngoba njengoba sazi sonke, umlingisi oqavile uzofa… kodwa impilo yakhe ifanele ukutshelwa.
Asikhohlwe ngengxenye yokuzalwa kwenjini kadizili ngoba ayinayo inzalo enkulu. Kodwa ngamafuphi injini kadizili, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-compression-ignition engine. kwasungulwa uRudolf Diesel , eyaqala ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka. XIX. Ukuqhubeka nokukhuluma ngokuzalwa kwayo kungangibophezela ukuthi ngikhulume ngemibono ye-thermodynamic (njengesistimu ye-adiabatic) ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi uma ukucindezela uphethiloli ukuthungela kwenzeka kanjani. Kodwa engikufunayo kakhulu wukufika lapho kwaFiat bethatha khona umqondo bawuguqule ube ngcono.
Ngakho-ke ake sihambe kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka futhi sithi kuze kube ngama-80s, injini ye-Diesel yayiyiyo. Idada Elibi elivela embonini yezimoto . Kuyabhora, kuyangcolisa, akunamandla kakhulu, kunomsindo kakhulu futhi kuyabhema. Ihlazo!
Ingabe sikhululekile ngalokhu kuhlanganiswa? Uma impendulo ingucha, sebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uDizili ahlangana khona nomNtaliyane omuhle
Ingabe uyayazi indaba yeNkosana Ixoxo, eyaduma emhlabeni wonke ngabazalwane bakwaGrimm? Khona-ke, “ixoxo lethu lesevisi” injini yeDizili (yebo, izigaba ezimbili nje ezedlule bekuyidada elibi…). Futhi njenganoma yiliphi ixoxo langempela, injini ye-Diesel nayo yayinezici ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ixoxo "lethu" lahlangana nentokazi enhle yase-Italy, inkosazana yesifunda saseTurin, eFiat.Amqabule. Kwakungekona “ukuqabula kwesiFulentshi” (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuqabulana kwe-french) kodwa kwakuwukuqabula okubizwa ngokuthi i-unijet.
Futhi ngendaba yokuqabula, ama-analogies aphelile, ngoba kungenjalo ngizolahleka. Kodwa kwakulula ukulandela indaba, akunjalo?
Uma kungenjalo, ebengifuna ukukusho wukuthi iDizili iyichilo kwaze kwaqhamuka uFiat. Kwakungeyona iMercedes-Benz, noma iVolkswagen, noma iPeugeot, noma iRenault, nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo oluguqule izinjini zikadizili zaba ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ngempela ukuphilisa imoto. KwakuyiFiat! Yebo, Fiat.
Yilapho indaba yethu iqala khona (ngempela)
I-Fiat yaba nesithakazelo ezinjinini ze-Diesel ngo-1976. Kwakukulo nyaka lapho uphawu lwase-Italy lwaqala ukuklama izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zenjini ye-Diesel, mhlawumbe eqhutshwa yinkinga kawoyela ka-1973.
Esokuqala salezi zixazululo ezifika emakethe kwaba umjovo oqondile. Kwadingeka silinde kuze kube ngu-1986 (!) ukuze sibone imiphumela yokuqala yayo yonke le minyaka yokutshalwa kwezimali. Imodeli yokuqala ukusebenzisa injini edonsa ngomjovo oqondile iFiat Croma TD-ID.
Yeka ukusebenza okunamandla!
I-Fiat Croma TD-ID isebenzise injini kadizili enamasilinda amane enamandla amakhulu… 90 hp . Ngokwemvelo, wonke umuntu wayephupha ngenye inguqulo, i-Croma Turbo i.e. esebenzisa injini ye-turbo engu-2.0 l turbo ene-150 hp. Umsindo wesici se-turbo (psssttt…) ubujabulisa abashayeli abathunyelwa kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zobuchwepheshe be-Unijet
I-Fiat Croma TD-ID ibe yisinyathelo sokuqala esiwujuqu esibheke enguqukweni yobuchwepheshe ezinjinini zikaDiesel. Ngomjovo oqondile, intuthuko ebalulekile yenziwa mayelana nokusebenza kahle, kodwa inkinga yomsindo yahlala. AmaDizili ayesenomsindo—enomsindo kakhulu!
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abakwaFiat bazithola sebesemampambanweni emigwaqo. Kuphakathi kokuthi zamukela isimo esinomsindo sezinjini zikadizili futhi zafunda izindlela zokuhlukanisa ukundindizela kwazo endlini, noma zibhekane ngqo nenkinga. Qagela ukuthi iyiphi inketho abayithathile? Impela… sawubona!
Ingxenye yomsindo okhiqizwa yilaba makhenikha yavela ohlelweni lomjovo. Yingakho kwaFiat babhekane nenkinga lapho, bakha uhlelo lomjovo oluthule. Futhi okuwukuphela kwesistimu yomjovo ekwazi ukufeza le njongo yayisekelwe esimisweni "serempu evamile" - manje eyaziwa ngokuthi ujantshi ojwayelekile.
Umgomo wohlelo lukaloliwe olujwayelekile kulula ukuwuchaza (akulutho…).
Umgomo oyisisekelo wesistimu yezitimela ezivamile wazalelwa eNyuvesi yaseZurich, futhi i-Fiat kwaba uhlobo lokuqala ukulisebenzisa emotweni yabagibeli. Umqondo oyisisekelo walo mqondo ulula kakhulu futhi uqala kusukela kumgomo olandelayo: uma sidonsa udizili ngokuqhubekayo endaweni yokugcina amanzi, lesi sithako siba i-accumulator ye-hydraulic, uhlobo oluthile lokubekelwa uphethiloli ocindezelwe, ngaleyo ndlela ithathe indawo yamaphampu omjovo weyunithi enomsindo ( isilinda).
Izinzuzo azingabazeki. Lolu hlelo luvumela ukujova kwangaphambili kukadizili nokulawula ingcindezi yomjovo kungakhathalekile isivinini senjini noma ukulayisha.
Ngo-1990 lolu hlelo lwagcina lungenile esigabeni sangaphambi kokukhiqiza, kanti ama-prototypes okuqala ahlolwa ebhentshini nangaphansi kwezimo zangempela. Kulapho-ke izinkinga zaqala khona...
Izinsizakalo ze-Bosch
Ngo-1993 iMagneti Marelli kanye neFiat Research Centre bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi babengenalo ulwazi noma imali yokuguqula lo mqondo wokuhlola ube uhlelo lokukhiqiza ngobuningi. UBosch wenza.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abakwaFiat badayisela khona ilungelo lobunikazi lobu buchwepheshe kwa-Bosch, esivumelwaneni senani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-13.4 - ngokwezibalo ze-Automotive News. Ngo-1997, kwasungulwa injini yokuqala kadizili enobuchwepheshe besitimela obuvamile emlandweni: i-Alfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD . Bekuyinjini enamasilinda amahlanu enamandla angu-136 hp.
Phela leminyaka iseyinhle. Lona wenze kahle ezivivinyweni zesikhathi...
Uma isikhishiwe, ukudunyiswa akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside futhi imboni yazinikela kulobu buchwepheshe obusha. Kwavulwa inkathi entsha ezinjinini zikadizili.
Yonke into inenani...
Ukuthengiswa kwe-patent kuvunyelwe ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwalolu buchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kwavumela umncintiswano "udlala izandla zabo" kulobu buchwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu.Ngemuva kwayo yonke le minyaka, impikiswano isalokhu: ingabe i-Fiat ichithe ithuba lokwenza izigidigidi zama-euro ngalolu hlelo futhi ithole inzuzo enkulu phezu komncintiswano? I-Bosch, ethathe ilungelo lobunikazi lobu buchwepheshe, ithengise amasistimu kaloliwe ajwayelekile angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11 ngonyaka owodwa.
Ngokufika kwenkulungwane entsha, izinjini ze-Multijet nazo zafika, okuyinto, ngokungafani nesistimu ye-Unijet, ivumele imijovo kaphethiloli emihlanu ngomjikelezo ngamunye, okwandise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, ukuphendula nge-rpm ephansi, ukonga uphethiloli nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Idizili ngokuqinisekile "yayisemfashinini" futhi wonke umuntu waphendukela kulesi sixazululo.
Funda emaphutheni adlule?
Ngo-2009, kwaFiat baphinde benza izinguquko kubuchwepheshe benjini evuthayo ngokwethula uhlelo lweMultiAir. Ngalesi simiso, izinto zikagesi zafika engxenyeni wonke umuntu ayecabanga ukuthi inikezwe omakhenikha unomphela: ukulawulwa kwamavalvu.
Lolu hlelo, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-camshaft kuphela ukulawula ukuvulwa kwama-valve ngokuqondile, futhi lisebenzisa ama-hydraulic actuators, okwandisa noma ukunciphisa ukucindezela ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic, okuthonya ukuvulwa kwe-valve. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukulawula i-amplitude kanye nesikhathi sokuvula se-valve yokungena ngayinye ngokwehlukana, ngokuya ngesivinini senjini kanye nezidingo zomzuzwana othile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukonga kukaphethiloli noma ukusebenza kahle kwemishini.
I-Fiat ibambelele kulungelo layo lobunikazi futhi iminyaka embalwa kwaba iyona kuphela esebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Namuhla, sesingakwazi kakade ukuthola lobu buchwepheshe emaqenjini ezimoto engeziwe: izinjini zikaphethiloli zikaphethiloli ze-Ingenium ze-JLR kanye nakamuva nje izinjini zeqembu lakwaHyundai i-SmartStream. Funda emaphutheni adlule?