IVolvo inomlando ocebe kakhulu embonini yezimoto. Futhi asikhulumi nje ngesiqephu se-sui generis esihilela isisekelo sayo - abangani ababili nelobster (khumbula lapha). Ngokwemvelo sikhuluma ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe namamodeli aphawule umlando wawo.
Ukuzimisela kwamadoda amabili kwakwazi kanjani ukuba nethonya elingako embonini eyayibuswa imibuso emikhulu? Impendulo ilandela emigqeni elandelayo.
Siqede ingxenye yokuqala yale minyaka engu-90 ekhethekile yakwaVolvo, sikhuluma nge-ÖV4 - eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Jakob" - imodeli yokuqala yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo waseSweden. Futhi yilapho sizoqhubeka khona. Olunye uhambo oluya ku-1927? Asikwenze…
Iminyaka yokuqala (1927-1930)
Lesi sahluko sizothatha isikhathi eside - iminyaka embalwa yokuqala ibishubile ngendlela ebithakazelisa ngayo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokusebenza, iVolvo yakwazi ukukhiqiza amayunithi angama-297 we-ÖV4. Ukukhiqizwa bekungaba phezulu - akukho ukushoda kwama-oda. Kodwa-ke, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile komkhiqizo kanye nokucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yezingxenye ezihlinzekwa izinkampani zangaphandle kunqume ukuzithiba ekwandiseni umkhiqizo.
“Sasungula iVolvo ngo-1927 ngoba sasikholelwa ukuthi akekho owayekhiqiza izimoto ezithembekile neziphephe ngokwanele”
Ku-Assar Gabrielsson usongo olukhulu ekwandeni kweVolvo bekungekona ukuthengiswa - lokho bekuyizinkinga ezincane kakhulu. Izinselelo ezinkulu zomkhiqizo wase-Swedish osanda kwakhiwa kwaba ukusimama kokukhiqiza kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa.
Ngesikhathi lapho izinqubo zokukhiqiza zazisaxakile futhi umqondo wesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa uyisimangaliso, kuyamangaza ukubona ukuthi i-Volvo yayivele inalokhu kukhathazeka. Ake siqale inkinga yokusimama kokukhiqiza.
Mayelana nalokhu, kuzojabulisa ukukhumbula isiqephu esembulwe ngu-Assar Gabrielsson encwadini yakhe ethi “Umlando weminyaka engama-30 yakwaVolvo”.
Njengoba sesike sabhala engxenyeni yokuqala yalokhu okukhethekile, u-Assar Gabrielsson wayazi imboni yezimoto ngokombono wabahlinzeki ngokuthi «intende yezandla zakhe». UGabrielsson wayazi ukuthi amandla amakhulu ezimboni asebenzisa izingxenye zikazwelonke kuphela - kwakuyindaba yepolitiki nokuziqhenya ngobuzwe.
Isibonelo, uhlobo lwesiNgisi alusoze lwaphendukela kuma-carburetors aseFrance, ngisho nokwazi ukuthi ama-carburetor aseFrance angaba sezingeni elingcono kunaseBrithani. Okufanayo kusebenza kumaJalimane noma amaMelika - abenezingqinamba zokungenisa.
Kulesi sici, njengakwamanye amaningi, abasunguli beVolvo babenombono omuhle kakhulu. Umbandela wokukhetha abahlinzeki bomkhiqizo kwakungebona ubuzwe. Umbandela wawulula futhi usebenza kahle: AbakwaVolvo bathenge izingxenye zabo kuphela kubahlinzeki abangcono kakhulu. Khomba. Kusenjalo nanamuhla. Abakholwa? Zama ukuvakashela leli khasi lomkhiqizo futhi ubone imibandela okufanele uhlangabezane nayo. Imikhuba emidala ifa kanzima...
OKUPHATHELENE: Izimoto zakwaVolvo zihlukaniseke ngezimiso zebhizinisi
Ngenxa yalelisu AbakwaVolvo bathole inzuzo ngezindlela ezimbili : (1) ikhulise ukuncintisana kwayo nabahlinzeki bayo (ithola umkhawulo wokuxoxisana); (2) uthole izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu zezimoto zabo.
Isici sesibili: isevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa . Enye yezinto eziningi ezibe nomthelela empumelelweni yakwaVolvo kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala wukukhathazeka kwayo ngamakhasimende. UGustav Larson, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli, wayehlale ecabanga njalo ngokuthembeka kwamamodeli kanye nesivinini nokulula ukulungisa.
Ngenxa yaleli su, iVolvo ikwazile ukukhulisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende futhi yathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwayo nomncintiswano.
Idumela leVolvo lokuthembeka nokuphendula maduzane lasabalala imakethe. Izinkampani zezokuthutha, zazi ukuthi 'isikhathi siyimali', zaqala ukucela kwaVolvo ukuba bakhiqize izimoto ezithengiswayo. AbakwaVolvo baphendule lesi sidingo ngokususelwa “kweloli” le-ÖV4 - obekuvele kucatshangwa ngakho kusukela ngo-1926.
Ubukwazi lokho? Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1950, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli namabhasi kwaVolvo kwakudlula ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezincane.
Ngaleso sikhathi, emabhodini okudweba akwa-Volvo, ithimba lokuqala lonjiniyela lomkhiqizo lalithuthukisa ozongena esikhundleni se-ÖV4. Imodeli yokuqala ethi "post-Jakob" kwakuyiVolvo PV4 (1928), efanekiselwa ngezansi.
IVolvo PV4 kanye Nomgomo Weymann
Imodeli eyagqama emqhudelwaneni ngenxa yamasu okukhiqiza avela embonini yezokundiza. I-chassis ye-PV4 yakhiwe eduze nendawo Isimiso sika-Weymann , indlela eyayihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukhuni olunamalunga anelungelo lobunikazi ukukhiqiza ukwakheka kwemoto.
Ngenxa yale nqubo, i-PV4 yayilula, ishesha futhi ithule kunezimoto eziningi ngaleso sikhathi. Kulo nyaka (1928), iVolvo ithengise amayunithi angama-996 futhi yavula izethulo zokuqala ngaphandle kwaseSweden. Yayibizwa nge-Oy Volvo Auto AB futhi yayizinze e-Helsinki, eFinland.
Ngonyaka olandelayo (1929) kwafika izinjini zokuqala ezinamasilinda ayisithupha ngokuhambisana ne-PV 651 kanye nokuphuma kwayo, esithombeni esilandelayo.
Ngaphezu kwenjini engu-in-line enamasilinda ayisithupha, okunye okugqamile kule modeli kube yisistimu yokubhuleka enamasondo amane - mechanics kuPV651 namahydraulics kuPV652. Ngaphezu kwemininingwane, i- izinkampani zamatekisi waqala ukufuna amamodeli akwaVolvo. AbakwaVolvo bavala ngo-1929 kwadayiswa izimoto ezingu-1,383 - kwaba yiyona ngonyaka wokuqala umkhiqizo wenze inzuzo.
Ukwehla nokunyuka kokuqala (1930-1940)
Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-1930, nawo wawuwunyaka wokwanda. Lo mkhiqizo wethule imodeli yawo yokuqala enezihlalo eziyisikhombisa, ukhokho weVolvo XC90 yamanje. Yayibizwa ngokuthi TR671 (TR kwaba isifinyezo segama tr esporte, i 6 ehambisana nenani lamasilinda kanye ne 7 inombolo yezihlalo) ekusebenzeni kwakuyinguqulo ende ye-PV651.
Ngokukhula kokukhiqizwa kanye nokukhula kwenzuzo, iVolvo yanquma ukuthola umphakeli wayo wenjini, iPentaverken. Inkampani ezinikele ekukhiqizeni izinjini ngezinjongo zasolwandle nezimboni - namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi IVolvo Penta . KwaVolvo bebefuna iPentaverken igxile ku-100% ezinjinini zezimoto zabo.
Ngalesi sikhathi iVolvo isivele inesabelo esingu-8% emakethe yaseScandinavia futhi iqashe amakhulu ambalwa abantu. Ngo-1931 iVolvo yasabalalisa izabelo kubanikazi bamasheya okokuqala ngqa.
Uma sikhuluma ngabaninimasheya, ake sivule abakaki abambalwa kule ndaba ukuze sisho lokhu okulandelayo: nakuba inkampani yakwa-SKV yayinokubaluleka kwamasu eminyakeni yokuqala yeVolvo (uma ungazi ukuthi sikhuluma ngani, funda lapha) , abatshalizimali abancane babenokubaluleka okuphawulekayo empilweni yezezimali yomkhiqizo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala.
Nakuba iVolvo ivuse isithakazelo kwezinye izikhondlakhondla zemboni, u-Assar Gabrielsson wembula encwadini yakhe ukuthi abatshalizimali bokuqala kwakungosomabhizinisi abancane, abantu abavamile.
Ngo-1932, ngenxa yobungcweti bezindawo ze-Pentaverken, i-Volvo yethula kumamodeli ayo ukuguquguquka kokuqala kwenjini enamasilinda ayisithupha. Ukususwa kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-3.3 amalitha, amandla akhuphuka afinyelela ku-66 hp futhi ukusetshenziswa kwehle ngo-20%. Okunye okusha kube wukutholwa kwe-mass steering wheel synchronized gearbox. IVolvo ifinyelele ingqophamlando yamayunithi ayi-10,000!
Ngo-1934 kuphela, ukuthengiswa kweVolvo kucishe kwafinyelela ku-3,000 amayunithi - amayunithi angama-2,934 ukunemba - kuwo angama-775 athunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngokulindele lokhu kuthambekela Ngo-1932, u-Assar Gabrielsson waqasha unjiniyela odumile ogama lakhe lingu-Ivan Örnberg ukuthi athuthukise isizukulwane esisha samamodeli akwaVolvo.
Bese kuthi i I-PV36 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Carioca) ne-PV51 ngo-1935 - bheka igalari. Kokubili, ngomklamo ophefumulelwe amamodeli aseMelika, aziwa ngokuthi i-streamlined. Umklamo ubungowesimanje kanti nobuchwepheshe bebusetshenziswa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, iVolvo yasebenzisa ukumiswa okuzimele.
Ngenxa yenani elilungiselwe ikhwalithi enikeziwe, i-PV51 ibe yimpumelelo yokuthengisa. Amandla we-86 hp "kuphela" we-1,500 kg wesisindo enza le modeli yaba umgijimi uma kuqhathaniswa nabanduleli bayo.
Kule galari yezithombe: P36 kwesokunxele kanye ne-P51 kwesokudla.
Lona futhi kwaba unyaka lapho iVolvo ihlukana khona ne-SKF - le nkampani yezingxenye yayifuna ukugxila “ebhizinisini layo eliyinhloko”. Ngesinqumo sebhodi labaqondisi bakwa-AB Volvo, uhlobo lwangena eStockholm Stock Exchange lufuna abatshalizimali abasha. Inani leVolvo lenyukile.
Kuze kube ngu-1939, konke kwahamba kahle kwaVolvo. Ukuthengisa kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi inzuzo ifana nalokhu okuguquguqukayo ngesilinganiso esilinganayo. Nokho, ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe II kwafika ukuzoshuba izinhlelo zomkhiqizo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iVolvo yayisikhiqiza izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-7 000 ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yokushoda kukaphethiloli nemizamo yempi, ngo-1940 ama-oda aqala ukuhoxiswa. KwaVolvo kwadingeka bazivumelanise nezimo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zomphakathi kwehle kakhulu futhi kwavumela izimoto ezilula nezentengiso zamasosha aseSweden. IVolvo iqalile nayo ukukhiqiza indlela ebizwa nge-ECG okwaphendula intuthu ephuma ekushiseni izinkuni yaba igesi esebenzisa izinjini ezivuthayo zikaphethiloli.
Izithombe zomshini we-"ECG".
IVolvo yesimanje
Saqeda le ngxenye yesibili ye-Special 90 yeminyaka ye-Volvo ne-Europe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ngokungafani nemikhiqizo eminingi, i-Volvo yasinda kulesi sikhathi esimnyama emlandweni wethu ohlangene.
E- isahluko esilandelayo ake sethule i-PV444 yomlando (esithombeni ngezansi), iVolvo yokuqala yangemva kwempi. Imodeli ethuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo futhi mhlawumbe enye ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni womkhiqizo. Indaba iyaqhubeka - kamuva kuleli sonto! - lapha e-Ledger Automobile. Hlala ubukele.
Esithombeni esingezansi - ukudubula kwesithombe seVolvo PV 444 LS, USA.
