Ngokuqhathaniswa akwaziwa kubantu abaningi, izinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor (kulokhu ukushoda kwazo) bekuyisisekelo senkinga yakamuva imboni yezimoto ebibhekene nayo.
Esikhathini lapho izimoto ziya ngokuya ziphendukela kumasekhethi, ama-chips kanye nama-processor, ukuntuleka kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-semiconductor kuye kwaholela ekubambezelekeni kokukhiqiza, ukumiswa komugqa wokuhlanganisa kanye nokufuna izixazululo “ezihlakaniphile” njengaleso etholwe yi-Peugeot ye-308.
Kodwa ziquketheni lezi zinsiza ze-semiconductor, ukushoda kwazo okuphoqe ukuthi kumiswe ukukhiqizwa embonini yezimoto? Yiziphi izinhlobo zokusebenzisa abanazo?
Yini izi?
Ngamafuphi, ngangokunokwenzeka, okokusebenza kwe-semiconductor kuchazwa njengento engakwazi ukusebenza njenge-conductor yamanje kagesi noma njengesivikelo kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene (ezifana nezinga lokushisa elizungezile, inkambu ka-electromagnetic engaphansi kwayo, noma ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ).Kuthathwe emvelweni, kunezici ezimbalwa kuthebula le-periodic ezisebenza njengama-semiconductors. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini i-silicon (Si) ne-germanium (Ge), kodwa kukhona ezinye ezifana nesibabule (S), i-boron (B) ne-cadmium (Cd).
Lapho isesimweni esihlanzekile, lezi zinto zibizwa ama-semiconductors angaphakathi (lapho ukugxiliswa kwabathwali abakhokhiswe kahle kulingana nokugxiliswa kwabathwali abakhokhiswa kabi).
Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini zibizwa ama-semiconductors angaphandle futhi zibonakala ngokungeniswa kokungcola - ama-athomu ezinye izinto, njenge-phosphorus (P) -, ngenqubo ye-doping, evumela ukuthi zilawulwe, ngaphandle kokuhlunga imininingwane emincane kakhulu (kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokungcola ezivumela ukuthi zilawulwe ngaphandle kokuhlunga imininingwane emincane kakhulu. umphumela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zama-semiconductors, "N" kanye "P"), izici zabo zikagesi kanye nokuqhutshwa kwamandla kagesi.
Yiziphi izicelo zakho?
Uma ubheka nxazonke, kunezinto eziningana nezingxenye ezidinga "izinsizakalo" zezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu kusekwenziweni kwama-transistors, ingxenye encane eyasungulwa ngo-1947 eyaholela “enguqukweni kagesi” futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa noma ukushintshanisa amasignali kagesi namandla kagesi.
Le ngxenye encane, ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinto ze-semiconductor, iyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwama-chips, ama-microprocessors nama-processor akhona kuwo wonke amadivaysi kagesi esiphila nawo nsuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor nazo zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-diode, asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, aziwa kabanzi ngokuthi i-LED (i-light-emitting diode).