Uma kukhona indlela yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, kungenxa yokushajwa kwayo, futhi sikwenze ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokusebenzisa i-compressor noma i-turbocharger (i-turbo yabangani).
Zombili lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile, futhi zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, kodwa umgomo uyefana: ukwandisa ukucindezela komoya ofinyelela ekamelweni elivuthayo, ukulicindezela, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle okwengeziwe, ngamanye amazwi, amandla amaningi amahhashi kanye ne-torque.
Kodwa-ke, kule mpi yamandla, ama-turbos aye akhethwa ngokusobala, nama-supercharger acishe anganakwa. Kodwa kungani? Ake siphenye...
basebenza kanjani
Ake siqale nge ama-compressors , ephinde ihlonzwe ama-supercharger noma ama-blower — futhi ubani ongawakhumbuli ama-Kompressors akwaMercedes-Benz? - esikhathini esidlule ezike zaba nezikhathi zazo (ezimbalwa), ngenxa yemishini eqhumayo njenge-Hellcat noma i-Yaris GRMN encane kodwa enempilo.
Lezi zisebenza njengepompo yomoya, futhi ngokuvamile zishayelwa ibhande, elixhunywe ngqo enjinini, elidala ingcindezi ngokungenzi lutho futhi likhuphule i-torque namandla nge-rpm ephansi.
Kodwa-ke, akukuhle konke njengoba sikhuphukela kuma-revs enjini aphezulu - i-compressor igcina intshontshe amandla amaningi enjini kunalokho engezayo.
kakade i i-turbocharger isebenza ngokusebenzisa i-exhaust gases ekushiseni, ukuyisebenzisela ukuguqula i-turbine eyenza ingcindezi. Ziyakwazi ukuphenduka ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu kune-compressor - ngaphezu kuka-100,000 rpm, ngokumelene no-10 kuya ku-15,000 rpm - kodwa ukuze kwenzeke lokho, zidinga injini ukuthi isebenze ngama-revs aphezulu ukuze isebenze ngokugcwele.
Isivinini esiphansi asiwatholi amagesi anele, noma awahambi ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze i-turbine ijikeleze ngesivinini esidingekayo ukudala ingcindezi. Kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sezenzakalo ezifana ne-turbo lag, okungukuthi, ukubambezeleka kwempendulo phakathi kokuvuleka kwe-throttle kanye nesikhathi lapho i-turbo iqala ukunikeza i-boost noma ingcindezi.
Bhalisela incwadi yethu yezindaba lapha
inkinga evamile
Kodwa uma zombili izinhlelo zinezinkinga zazo, kukhona eyodwa evamile kuzo zombili. Iqiniso lokuthi umoya ocindezelwe uyashisa, othinta ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo. Inkinga eyayizogcina ixazululwe onjiniyela bethu abangani, abathuthukise into esiyaziyo njenge-intercooler, okungukuthi, isishintshi sokushisa esisuka emoyeni siye emoyeni, esidume ngamamodeli afana ne-Subaru Impreza STI nasemamodelini amaningana ayeqoshwe leli gama. ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu emsebenzini womzimba.Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi upholise umoya phakathi kuka-40% no-60%, uzuze ukufezwa kwamandla kanye ne-torque, kodwa njengoba ungase uqagele, lesi sixazululo sinezinkinga zaso. Esokuqala siyisikhala, noma kunalokho ukuntuleka kwaso sokuwafaka; okwesibili ukuthi zengeza ubunkimbinkimbi epayipini lomoya enjinini.
zavela kanjani
Bobabili ubuchwepheshe buye bashintsha, uma kwenzeka ama-compressors abe "nobungane" kakhulu ngesivinini esiphezulu, enezixazululo ezifana nama-clutches awazikhipha ngesivinini esikhulu - noma kunjalo, ukwanda kobunzima, okuthinta ukwethembeka, kwenza lesi sixazululo singavamile -; futhi endabeni yama-turbos, sibone ama-turbine ama-blade alula, ama-turbos ejiyomethri aguquguqukayo amancane, noma izinjini ezinama-turbo asebenzayo amabili ngokulandelana (i-turbo encane yama-revs aphansi kanye ne-turbo enkulu yama-revs aphezulu).
Umgomo? Thola ukusabela okuphezulu kuma-revs aphansi. Kuke kwaba nezimo, ezingavamile, lapho behlanganise khona ubuchwepheshe obubili enjinini eyodwa, i-compressor ne-turbocharger, njengoba sibonile emishinini efana ne-Lancia Delta S4, i-1.4 TSI esezingeni eliphezulu yakwaVolkswagen noma ezinye izinguqulo ze- 2.0 kusuka kwaVolvo.
I-Turbos idlula phambili
Njengamanje, ama-turbos athandwa ngokucacile ngabakhiqizi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu, ukuzuza ukusebenza okungcono/umnotho we-binomial.
Ukusebenzisa imfucuza ukusebenza, njengamagesi akhipha umoya, kungqongqoza noma iyiphi i-compressor. Lezi zakamuva zigcina sezinomphumela we-parasitic, lapho zikhiqiza khona ukusebenza kahle, kufanele futhi ziyintshontshe enjinini - kuma-V8 amakhulu lapho kuvame ukutholakala khona, zingadinga kalula ngaphezu kuka-150 hp ukuze zisebenze.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukukhipha amandla amakhulu ku-turbocharger kunakwi-compressor, kusukela enjinini efanayo.
Namuhla, njengoba izinjini zithatha ama-turbos amancane noma anengcindezi ephansi, i-turbo lag icishe ingabonakali, futhi ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukucushwa okusha okufana ne-Hot V nakho kuvumela izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuphenduleni ama-turbos. Akukho ukugogeka kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kuma-compressor, umphumela wawo wokugcina ufana nokuba nenjini yasemkhathini enama-cubic centimeter amaningi, egcina ukuhambisana komkhathi omuhle.
Ikusasa
Iqiniso liyatshelwa, naphezu kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kuma-turbos buthuthuke kakhulu, ama-compressor "awakangeni emlandweni". Izinjini zikagesi zamsiza, okwakungase kusho ukuthi abuyele ekukhanyeni.
Uyathanda? Akusadingeki ukuthi i-compressor ixhunywe enjinini ukuze uyiqalise, kusetshenziswa injini kagesi. Lesi sixazululo singasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlanganisiwe, ukujoyina i-turbocharger ku-compressor kagesi kagesi, isisombululo esibonwa, isibonelo, ku-Audi SQ7.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ngempela ukwazi ukuthi ubani ozonqoba le "mpi", impendulo ithi: yithi, abasebenzisi, ukuthi sisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izixazululo eziningi futhi ezisivumela ukuthi singagcini nje ngokuba nokusebenza okukhulu, kodwa nokusebenza kahle okukhulu.