Akukuthathi isikhathi eside ukubheka idatha yemakethe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ukubona ukuthi amaSUV/Crossovers aya ngokuya eba “amandla” emakethe yezimoto emhlabeni jikelele.
Impumelelo ayisiyintsha futhi yakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka, kodwa kuneminyaka eyishumi edlule lapho i-SUV/Crossover craze yanda khona.
Futhi alukho uhlobo olubonakala luvikelekile - kusamele kube khona abantu abangakaqondi iqiniso lokuthi iPorsche yethule iCayenne ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, yize isesizukulwaneni sayo sesithathu. Kodwa-ke, kuzoba ukuzalwa kweNissan Qashqai (2006) kanye noJuke (2010) okuzosithuthukisa ngempela lesi sitayela.
Manje, nakuba izingxenye B kanye no-C "zigcwele izikhukhula" yi-SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) kanye ne-Crossover, okubonakala sengathi imfashini kuvezwa ngokwandayo njengokuthi "okujwayelekile okusha" kwemakethe yezimoto, ikakhulukazi uma sibona lokho okubonakala sengathi ikusasa lemboni - ukufakwa kukagesi - liyakhiwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kulesi simo somzimba.
Ezinye zezinombolo zesizinda
Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokubona ukubaluleka kwe-SUV/Crossover emakethe kukhula, ekuqaleni kuka-2021 kwaqinisekisa isisindo salezi ziphakamiso emakethe yaseYurophu, iSUV/Crossover imele u-44% wokubhaliswa ngoJanuwari, njengoba kuboniswa idatha evela ku-JET Dynamics. .
Lezi zibalo ziqinisekisa kuphela ukuthambekela okudala kulindelwe. Ngokwe-JATO Dynamics, ngo-2014, ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, amaSUV abenesabelo semakethe esingu-22.4%. Nokho, eminyakeni emine nje lesi sibalo senyuke safinyelela ku-36.4%, futhi... siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Kodwa-ke, njengakho konke okunye, kuzo zonke izenzo kukhona ukusabela futhi ukubusa okukhulayo kwe-SUV/Crossover kwenziwa ngezindleko zezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zomzimba noma amafomethi (nangaphezulu), ezinye zazo ezisengozini yokunyamalala. ngokuphelele.
"Izisulu" zempumelelo yeSUV/Crossover
Asikho isikhala sawo wonke umuntu emakethe futhi ukuze abanye baphumelele abanye kuyodingeka bahluleke. Yilokho okwenzeka ngefomethi eseze yabizwa “ngemoto yesikhathi esizayo”, iMPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle), noma njengoba siwazi lapha, amaveni amancane.
Nabo bafika, babona futhi banqoba, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yawo-1990 kanye neminyaka yokuqala yaleli khulu leminyaka. Kodwa bekungadingeki ngisho nokulinda ukuphela kweminyaka eyishumi edlule ukubona ama-MPV encishiswa abe yidlanzana leziphakamiso “ezwenikazi elidala”, esenyamalele ngobuningi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zemakethe ababekuzo.
Kodwa abathwali babantu kwakungebona bodwa ababecasukele impumelelo yeSUV/Crossover. Kuma-"vortex" ama-SUVs nawo abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokwehla okukhulu kwama-sedans (amavolumu amathathu womzimba), ukuthengiswa kwawo okunenkontileka unyaka nonyaka, okubangele ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi (ikakhulukazi ama-generalist) ayeke ngawo.
Ama-coupes (angempela) noma imizimba enezicabha ezintathu ezinamakhonsathi ezemidlalo nawo abone indawo yawo ithathwa ngokwengxenye ama-hybrids esitayela okuyi-“SUV-Coupé” kanye ne-European bastion eyayingamaveni (namanje namanje), okuningi kakhulu ngempumelelo kunama-hatchbacks/sedans aphuma kuwo, nawo ahlukumezekile.
Yize singabathatha njengabanduleli be-SUV enguqulweni yabo “yebhulukwe eligoqekile”, muva nje amaveni abenganakwa yilabo abafuna isiphakamiso esithinta umndeni. Futhi manje, ngisho nemikhiqizo enesiko eliqinile kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi womzimba, njengeVolvo, "ibafulathela" - amamodeli amathathu athengiswa kakhulu ohlobo lwaseSweden namuhla amaSUV awo.
Okokugcina, namuhla kubonakala sengathi i-hatchback evamile (i-double-volume bodywork), eyake yabusa futhi ingafinyeleleki, ukuba isengozini, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziphansi zemakethe, lapho imodeli ngayinye yezingxenye ze-B no-C isivele ingenzeka. ukubala okunye noma okubili okuhlukile “ngefomethi yemfashini”.
Kwezinye izimo, iSUV/Crossover eqinisekisa inani elikhulu lokuthengisa maqondana nemoto “ejwayelekile” ephuma kuyo.
I-B-SUV, injini yokukhula
Kusesigabeni B, e-Europe, lapho “singabalula” ingxenye enkulu yesibopho sokukhula kwesabelo semakethe ye-SUV/Crossover. Uma eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ama-B-SUV emakethe abalwa cishe eminwe yesandla esisodwa, namuhla kuneziphakamiso ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili.
"I-trigger" yayiyimpumelelo engalindelekile ye-Nissan Juke futhi, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, "yomzala" wayo waseFrance, i-Renault Captur. Eyokuqala, eyethulwe ngo-2010, yakha ingxenyena lapho wonke amabhrendi ayeyifuna noma okwakudingeka abambelele kuyo ngemva kokubona impumelelo yayo enkulu kakhulu; kanti owesibili, owazalwa ngo-2013 ngokubukeka okujwayelekile, waphakama waba ubuholi esigabeni futhi wafika wakhombisa ukuthi ikusasa le-B segment lilele kuma-B-SUV.
Esigabeni esingenhla, iQashqai yayisivele isizibekile isisekelo sokukhuphuka kweSUV/Crossover futhi, iqiniso lithi, eshumini leminyaka elalandela yaqhubeka “ibeka umthetho”, cishe ngaphandle kokuphikiswa. Kuzomele silinde cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi eyaphela ukuze sibone amanye amaSUV/Crossover esigabeni elwa nokukhonya kwezentengiselwano, eza ngeVolkswagen Tiguan, “yethu” T-Roc kanye nesizukulwane sesibili iPeugeot. 3008.
Ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu, bekukhona izinhlobo ezimbalwa "ezilethe" izinga eliphezulu kakhulu e-Europe kwiSUV, njengeSouth Korean Kia neHyundai ngeSorento neSanta Fe, noma iVolkswagen neTouareg, ephumelele. lapho iPhaeton yendabuko yehluleka khona.
Izizathu zempumelelo
Yize bebaningi abathanda uphethroli namasondo amane abangabalandeli beSUV/Crossover, iqiniso lithi bayinqobile imakethe. Futhi kunezimpikiswano eziningi ezisiza ukuqaphela impumelelo yayo, kusukela kokunengqondo kakhulu kuya kwengokwengqondo.
Okokuqala, singaqala ngokubukeka kwayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto eziphuma kuzo, kunomehluko ocacile endleleni esizibona ngayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu, amasondo amakhulu, noma "izihlangu" zepulasitiki ezihambisana nazo njengezikhali, zibonakala ziqine kakhulu futhi zikwazi ukusivikela kangcono - "kubukeka sengathi" igama elingukhiye...
Futhi sisahlobanisa i-SUV/Crossover nemizwa ethile yokubalekela noma yokuphunyuka, nakuba abaningi bengalishiyi “ihlathi” lasemadolobheni. Abaningi bethu bayakwazi ukubhekana nale mizwa, ngisho noma singalokothi senze ngokuvumelana nayo.
Okwesibili, ukuba mude (imvume enkulu yomhlabathi kanye nomsebenzi omude womzimba) kunikeza indawo yokugibela ephakeme, abaningi abayibona njengephephile. Indawo yokushayela ephakeme iphinde ivumele ukubuka okungcono komgwaqo, okwenza kube lula ukuwubona ukude.
Okwesithathu, futhi njengoba sishilo esihlokweni esiyishicilele eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kunenkinga ebalulekile yokuphila ngemuva kwempumelelo yeSUV/Crossover: kulula ukungena nokuphuma emotweni . Nakuba lokho kungelona iqiniso kubo bonke, abashayeli abaningi bayalijabulela iqiniso lokuthi akudingeki “bagobe” kakhulu noma “badonse” imisipha yemilenze ukuze baphume emotweni. Isiqubulo sibonakala sithi… “ukungena nokuphuma” ngaphandle kokuncisha isithunzi somuntu, njengoba kwenzeka ezimotweni eziphansi.
Kuzwakala njengokusho okuthile, kodwa akunjalo. Inani labantu emazweni asentshonalanga liyaguga futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi bayanda abantu abanobunzima obukhulu bokunyakaza nokuhamba. Imoto ende enendawo yokushayela ephakeme ingasiza kakhulu, nakuba ukukhuphuka kwemvume yaphansi kwama-SUV nakho kungaba imbangela yobunzima - inkinga ama-MPV ayengenayo...
Ukusebenzisa isibonelo esidlulele, kulula kakhulu ukungena ku-Nissan Qashqai kune-Alpine A110. Ngisho noma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezilinganayo, kulula impela ukungena nokuphuma kwiCaptur kuneClio, noma iT-Roc kuneGolf.
Kodwa kukhona okwengeziwe. Ama-B-SUV, isibonelo, manje anezabelo zezindlu ezincintisana nalezo zamalungu omndeni omncane esigabeni C. -SUV ebiza kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziphuma kuzo.
Ekugcineni, inzuzo. Ngasohlangothini lwemboni (kulabo abazenzayo) amaSUV/Crossovers nawo agcine ethakaselwe kakhulu, njengoba eqinisekisa amamaki enzuzo ephezulu. Uma emgqeni wokukhiqiza zibiza kakhulu noma ngaphezulu kancane kunezimoto ezivela kuzo, intengo yekhasimende, nokho, iphakeme kakhulu—kodwa amakhasimende azimisele ukunikeza lelo nani—eqinisekisa umkhawulo wenzuzo ephakeme ngeyunithi ngayinye ethengisiwe.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule nakuleli esiqalayo manje, i-SUV/Crossover ibonwa abahlaziyi abaningi njengebhaluni lomoya-mpilo embonini yezimoto. Intengo yayo ephezulu kanye nokwenza inzuzo enkulu kuvumele abakhiqizi ukuthi babhekane kangcono futhi babambe izindleko ezikhulayo zentuthuko nokukhiqiza (okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe nokuphikisana nokukhishwa kwegesi ezimotweni kuyaqhubeka nokukhula), kanye nokubhekana nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okudingekayo ukuze kuguqukele kugesi kanye nedijithali. ukuhamba.
“Izinhlungu” zokukhula
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into "engama roses". Impumelelo ye-SUV/Crossover nayo ibe nemiphumela ebingahlosiwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule lapho okuningi sekushiwo mayelana nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Aziyona neze imoto ekahle yokufeza lo mgomo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezivamile ezivela kuzo, zinendawo enkulu yangaphambili kanye ne-aerodynamic drag coefficient, futhi zisinda, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukaphethiloli futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuhlale kuphezulu.
Ngo-2019, i-JATO Dynamics yaxwayisa ngokuthi impumelelo yama-SUV (ngaleso sikhathi eyayibalelwa ku-38% wezimoto ezibhalisiwe eYurophu) kwakungenye yezinto ezibe nomthelela ekwenyukeni kokukhishwa kwegesi okumaphakathi kwezinhloso ezifunwa kakhulu yi-European Union.
Kodwa-ke, "ukuqhuma" kwama-plug-in nama-hybrids kagesi, amaningi awo ngefomethi ye-SUV/Crossover, kwasiza ekudambiseni le nkinga - ngo-2020, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kwehle cishe ngo-12% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, ukwehla okukhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo. , babengaphezu komgomo ka-95 g/km.
Ngaphandle kosizo lokufakwa kukagesi, kuqinisekile ukuthi lolu hlobo lomshini luyohlale lungasebenzi kahle kunezinye zendabuko, lapho izimoto ziphansi futhi zisondele phansi. Ngisho nasesikhathini esizayo esikhulayo sikagesi futhi kucatshangelwa amabhethri anamuhla (naseminyakeni ezayo), kusadingeka ukuthi sithole izindlela ezisebenza kahle zokunciphisa isisindo sezimoto esizithengayo, ukuze "sicindezele" wonke amakhilomitha angeziwe. ngenkokhiso eyodwa.
Ikusasa
Uma lokhu Okukhethekile "Okuhle kakhulu kweshumi leminyaka ka-2011-2020" kuyithuba lokuma futhi sizindle ngokwenzekile embonini yezimoto kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule, asikwazi ukumelana, kulokhu, ukubheka ukuthi leli shumi leminyaka elisha liyini. isiqalile manje.bekelwe ikusasa le-SUV/Crossover.
Kukhona abakhiqizi abaningana, ngezwi labaphathi babo abakhulu nabaqambi, asebevele bekhuluma emhlabeni we-post-SUV. Kusho ukuthini lokho? Kuzodingeka silinde isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze sithole izimpendulo ezibambekayo, kodwa izimpawu zokuqala zikhombisa ukusuka kufomula ye-SUV evamile, ukuya kufomula elula, namanje ecacile i-Crossover, uhlobo lwe-hybrid yemoto: i-crossover saloon.
Kusukela ku-Citroën C5 X entsha kuya ku-Ford Evos, nge-Polestar 2, Hyundai Ioniq 5 kanye ne-Kia EV6 noma ngisho nekusasa le-Mégane E-Tech Electric, kungenzeka ukubona kusengaphambili ukuphela kwesaluni yendabuko kanye neveni, ngohlobo lwe ukuhlangana okuvela endaweni yakho yezinhlobo ezahlukene emotweni eyodwa, okunzima ukukuhlukanisa ngezigaba.