Ngesikhathi lapho cishe yonke imboni ibonakala izimisele ukufaka injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ezincwadini zomlando, i-Mazda iphikisana… Ngenjabulo.
Akukhona okokuqala iMazda ikwenza, futhi okokugcina yayilungile. Ingabe okufanayo kuzokwenzeka futhi? AmaJapane akholelwa kanjalo.
Isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokubheja ezinjinini ezivuthayo samenyezelwa ngonyaka odlule, ngesizukulwane esisha sezinjini ze-SKYACTIV-X. Futhi sibe nethuba lokuthola le njini entsha ye-SKYACTIV-X, ebukhoma futhi enemibala, ngaphambi kokufika kwayo ngokusemthethweni emakethe ngo-2019.
Kungakho uvakashela i-Reason Automotive nsuku zonke, akunjalo?
Lungela! I-athikili izoba yinde futhi ibe yezobuchwepheshe. Uma ufika ekugcineni uzoba nesinxephezelo...
Injini yomlilo? Futhi ezikagesi?
Ikusasa lisebenza ngogesi, futhi izikhulu zakwaMazda nazo ziyavumelana naleso sitatimende. Kodwa abavumelani nezibikezelo ezinikeza injini evuthayo ngokuthi “ifile”… izolo!
Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi “ikusasa”. Kuze kube yilapho imoto kagesi engu-100% iyona entsha "evamile", ukushintshela ekuhambeni kukagesi emhlabeni wonke kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo nakho kuzofanele kukhule, ukuze isithembiso sokuthi akukho kukhishwa kwesisi esiphuma ezimotweni zikagesi kungabi inkohliso.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuzoba injini yomlilo yangaphakathi "endala" ukuba ibe omunye wabashayeli abayinhloko bokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi - izoqhubeka ibe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwenjini emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Futhi yingakho kufanele siqhubeke nokuyithuthukisa. I-Mazda isithathe umsebenzi wayo wokukhipha ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka enjinini evuthayo ukuze iphishekele ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi.
"Uzibophezele esimisweni sesixazululo esifanele ngesikhathi esifanele", njengoba i-Mazda ibeka, ishayela umkhiqizo ekufuneni njalo isisombululo esingcono kakhulu - hhayi leso esibukeka kahle kakhulu ephepheni, kodwa leso esisebenza emhlabeni wangempela. . Kukulo mongo lapho kuvela khona i-SKYACTIV-X, injini yayo evuthayo eshintshayo futhi eshintshayo yangaphakathi.
Kungani amavukelambuso?
Ngoba nje i-SKYACTIV-X iyinjini yokuqala kaphethiloli ekwazi ukucisha umlilo - njengezinjini zikaDizili… kuhle, cishe njengezinjini zikaDizili, kodwa sesihambile.
Ukucisha umlilo ngokucindezela - okungukuthi, ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli isho khona manjalo, ngaphandle kwe-spark plug, lapho icindezelwa ipiston - ezinjinini zikaphethiloli kube enye "yezinhlamvu ezingcwele" ezilandelwa onjiniyela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushiswa kokucindezela kufiseleka kakhulu: iyashesha kakhulu, ishisa ngokushesha wonke uphethiloli egumbini elivuthayo, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze umsebenzi owengeziwe ngenani elifanayo lamandla, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu.
Ukushiswa okusheshayo nakho kuvumela ingxube yomoya/iphethiloli ezondile egunjini lomlilo, okungukuthi, inani lomoya elikhulu kakhulu kunophethiloli. Izinzuzo ziqondakala kalula: ukusha kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuholela ku-NOx encane (ama-nitrogen oxides), futhi kukhona amandla amancane amoshayo ngesikhathi sokufudumala kwenjini.
Izinkinga
Kodwa ukucindezelwa ukuthungela kuphethiloli akulula - hhayi ukuthi akuzange kuzanywe abanye abakhi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kodwa abekho abaqhamuke nesixazululo esisebenzayo esingadayiswa.I-Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charging (HCCI), umqondo oyisisekelo wokushisa kokucindezela, kuze kube manje kufinyelelwe kuphela ngesivinini esiphansi senjini futhi ngomthwalo ophansi ngakho, ngenxa yezizathu ezingokoqobo, ukuthungela kwenhlansi (spark plug) kusadingeka. . Enye inkinga enkulu lawula lapho ukushiswa kokucindezela kwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke inselele iwukukwazi ukushintsha phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokushisa ngendlela evumelanayo, okwaphoqa i-Mazda ukuthi ithuthukise futhi ilawule izici ezihlukahlukene ezivumela ukuthungela kokucindezela kukaphethiloli kanye nengxube ethambile.
Isixazululo
Umzuzu othi “eureka”—noma ingabe yisikhathi lapho kwaba khona inhlansi? ba dum tss… — okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kwenzeka lapho onjiniyela bakwaMazda bebekela inselele umbono ovamile wokuthi ukushiswa ngokucindezela akudingi ama-spark plug: “uma uguquko phakathi kwezindlela ezihlukene zokuvutha kunzima, okokuqala nje, sidinga ngempela ukwenza lolo shintsho?” Lapha kulele isisekelo sohlelo lwe-SPCCI - I-Spark-Controlled Compression Ignition.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho nasekushiseni ngokucindezelwa, i-Mazda isebenzisa ama-spark plug, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okushelelayo phakathi kokuvutha ngokucindezelwa nokuvutha kwenhlansi. Kodwa uma usebenzisa i-spark plug ingabe isengabizwa ngokuthi i-compression combustion?
Kunjalo! Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-spark plug isebenza, ngaphezu kwakho konke, njengendlela yokulawula lapho ukusha ngokucindezelwa kwenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuhle be-SPCCI ukuthi isebenzisa indlela yokuvutha yenjini kadizili nge-timing methodology yenjini kaphethiloli ene-spark plug. Singakwazi yini ukushaya izandla? Singakwazi!
Umgomo
Injini yaklanywa ngendlela yokuthi idale izimo ezidingekayo zokushisa nokucindezela ekamelweni elivuthayo, kuze kube yilapho ingxube yomoya/yamafutha - incike kakhulu, 37:1, cishe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 ngaphezu kukaphethiloli ovamile wenjini. - hlala onqenqemeni lokuthungela endaweni efile ephezulu. Kodwa yinhlansi evela ku-spark plug eqala inqubo.
Lokhu kusho ingxube encane, enothe kakhulu yomoya/isiphethiloli (29:1), ejovwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza kube nebhola lomlilo. Lokhu kuqhubeke kwandisa ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa ekamelweni elivuthayo, ukuze ingxube ethambile, kakade iseduze nendawo lapho isilungele ukuqhunyiswa khona, ingamelani futhi ivutha cishe ngokushesha.
Lokhu kulawula ukuthungela kungiphoxa. I-Mazda iyakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngaphezu kuka-5000 rpm futhi angikwazi ngisho nokukhanyisa izoso ekuqaleni…
Isixazululo manje esibonakala sisobala, kodwa esidinga "amaqhinga" amasha:
- uphethiloli kufanele ujovwe izikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene, enye ingeyengxube ezondile ezocindezelwa futhi enye ibe ngeyengxube ecebe kancane ezothuthwa yi-spark plug.
- uhlelo lomjovo kaphethiloli kumele lube nomfutho ophakeme kakhulu, ukuvumela ukuhwamuka okusheshayo kanye ne-atomization kaphethiloli, ukuhlakaza ngokushesha kulo lonke isilinda, kuncishiswe isikhathi sokucindezela.
- wonke amasilinda anenzwa yokucindezela, ehlala iqapha izilawuli ezishiwo ngenhla, inxephezela, ngesikhathi sangempela, nganoma yikuphi ukuphambuka emiphumeleni ehlosiwe.
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-compressor - iyisithako esibalulekile ukugcina ukuminyanisa kuphezulu, njengoba i-SKYACTIV-X isebenzisa umjikelezo we-Miller, owehlisa ukucindezelwa, okuvumela ukuxubana okufiselekayo. Amandla engeziwe kanye netorque kuwumphumela owamukelekayo.
Ingxenye engemuva
Izinzuzo
Uhlelo lwe-SPCCI luvumela ukunwetshwa kokuvutha ngokucindezelwa phezu kohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwemithetho, ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SKYACTIV-G yamanje, uhlobo ithembisa ukusetshenziswa okuphansi phakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-30% kuye ngokusetshenziswa . Lo mkhiqizo uthi i-SKYACTIV-X ikwazi ukumesha ngisho nokudlula ukonga kukaphethiloli kweyayo injini kadizili i-SKYACTIV-D.
I-compressor ivumela ingcindezi ephezulu yokuthatha, iqinisekise ukusebenza okungcono kwenjini nokuphendula. Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ohlotsheni olubanzi lwamarev kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ama-rev aphezulu, lapho kunamandla engeziwe atholakalayo futhi nokusabela kwenjini kuphakeme.
Naphezu kobunzima bokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwekhandlela kuye, ngokuthakazelisayo, kuvunyelwe ukuklama okulula - akukho ukusabalalisa okuguquguqukayo noma izinga lokucindezela eliguquguqukayo elidingekayo - futhi okungcono, le njini isebenzisa uphethiloli ongu-95 , njengoba i-octane encane ingcono ekuthuthweni kokucindezelwa.
Ekugcineni, ngemuva kwesondo
Umbhalo usuvele umude kakhulu, kodwa uyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani "buzz" ezungeze le njini - kuyinqubekela phambili emangalisayo uma kuziwa ezinjinini ezivuthayo. Kuzodingeka silinde kuze kube u-2019 ukuze siqinisekise zonke izimangalo ze-Mazda ngakho, kodwa uma sicabangela lokho okuthenjisiwe futhi kwaboniswa nge-SKYACTIV-G, okulindelekile ku-SKYACTIV-X kukhulu ukuletha konke ethembisa ukukwenza.
Ngenhlanhla, bese silitholile ithuba lokuhlolwa kusenesikhathi. Ukuxhumana okunamandla nama-prototypes ane-SKYACTIV-X-equipped, afihlwe ngaphansi komsebenzi womzimba we-Mazda3 ojwayelekile, kwabonwa kusengaphambili, nakuba yayinokuncane noma yayingahlangene nhlobo ne-Mazda3 ejwayelekile - futhi isakhiwo esiyisisekelo ngaphansi komsebenzi womzimba manje sesiyisizukulwane sesibili.
I-SKYACTIV iphinde ifane nezixazululo ezintsha zeplathifomu/isakhiwo/somzimba. Lesi sizukulwane esisha sithembisa ukuqina okukhulu kwe-torsional, amazinga aphansi omsindo, ukudlidliza kanye nobukhali (i-NVH - umsindo, ukudlidliza nokhahlo) ngisho nezihlalo ezintsha zathuthukiswa, zithembisa ukuma kwemvelo okwengeziwe, okuzovumela amazinga amakhulu okududuza.
Sishayele izinhlobo ezimbili zama-prototypes - eyodwa ino-gearbox oshintshwayo kanti enye ino-gearbox ozishintshayo, womabili anesivinini ayisithupha - futhi sakwazi ukuqhathanisa umehluko ne-165hp Mazda3 2.0 yamanje eno gearbox oshintshwayo, ukuze sikwazi ukubona kangcono umehluko. Ngenhlanhla bekuyimoto yokuqala engahamba ngayo, okungivumele ukuthi ngihlole isethi yenjini/ibhokisi (ngesandla).
Umehluko phakathi kwe-SKYACTIV-X (injini yesikhathi esizayo) ne-SKYACTIV-G (injini yanamuhla) awukwazanga ukucaca kangcono. Injini entsha yakwaMazda inamandla kakhulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-rev range - itorque eyengeziwe etholakalayo isobala kakhulu. Njengo-“G”, i-“X” iyiyunithi engu-2.0 litre, kodwa enezinombolo ezinoju. IMazda ihlose amandla acishe abe ngu-190 hp - eziphawulekayo, futhi kahle, endleleni.
Imangazwe ukusabela kwayo, kusukela emibusweni ephansi kakhulu, kodwa ukuncoma okungcono kakhulu ongayikhokha enjinini, ukuthi nakuba iyiyunithi ekuthuthukisweni, isivele ikholiseka ngaphezu kwezinjini eziningi emakethe.
Ukwesaba ukuthi, njengoba kunokushisa okucindezelwayo njengodizili, kuzoletha ezinye zezici zalolu hlobo lwenjini, njengokungabi nazinzwa okukhulu, ububanzi obufushane bokusebenzisa, noma ngisho nomsindo, bekungenasisekelo ngokuphelele. Uma leli kuyikusasa lezinjini ezivuthayo, woza!
Ingaphakathi le-prototype - ngokusobala ingaphakathi lemoto esathuthuka - ifike nesikrini esibekwe ngaphezu kwe-centre console esineziyingi ezinezinombolo ezintathu. Lokhu kucime noma kuqhubeke, kuye ngohlobo lokubasa noma ingxube evele:
- 1 - ukuvutha kwenhlansi
- 2 - ukucisha umlilo
- 3 — Ingxube yomoya/iphethiloli engenawo amandla lapho kutholakala khona ukusebenza kahle okukhulu
Izinjini "ezincane" zasePortugal?
Intela ye-Aberrant Portuguese izokwenza le njini ibe yisinqumo esiphansi. Umthamo we-2.0 litre ufanelekile ngezizathu ezimbalwa, hhayi okungenani ngoba ungamandla amukelwa kahle ezimakethe eziningi zomhlaba. Onjiniyela ababhekele i-SKYACTIV-X baveze ukuthi amanye amakhono angenzeka, kepha okwamanje akukho ezinhlelweni zomkhiqizo wokuthuthukisa izinjini ezinamandla angaphansi kuka-2.0 amalitha.
Izimo ezihlukahlukene lapho ukucindezelwa-ukuthungela kwenzeke khona - cishe ukushintshela ekuthungeleni kwenhlansi, lapho sihlola isivinini esiphezulu senjini noma lapho sihlahlela phansi - bekumangalisa.
Mayelana ne-mode 3, bekucaca ukuthi idinga ukushayela okulawulwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngo-gearbox oshintshwayo, lapho kube nzima khona - noma ukungezwani onyaweni lwangakwesokudla - ukuze ibonakale esikrinini. Umshini wokukhipha imali othomathikhi - ukukala imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika -, nakuba kungajabulisi ukusebenzisa, kube lula kakhulu "ukukhanyisa" inombolo yesiyingi 3.
Ukusetshenziswa? Asazi!
Ngike ngabuza kodwa akekho oqhamuke nezinombolo ezibambekayo. Ikhompuyutha esebhodini “yayibekwe ngendlela efanele” ngetheyiphu yokunamathela, ngakho-ke okwamanje singathembela kuphela kuzitatimende zomkhiqizo.Inothi lokugcina lama-prototypes asevele ayingxenye yesakhiwo esisha - esiqinile futhi esivumela amazinga amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi bekungama-prototypes entuthuko, ngakho-ke bekumangaza ukuthi lezi bezicwengisiswe kakhulu futhi zingenamsindo kunokukhiqizwa kwamanje i-Mazda3 - isizukulwane esilandelayo siyathembisa…
I-Mazda3 entsha izoba ngeye-SKYACTIV-X yokuqala
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Mazda3 izoba yimodeli yokuqala ukuthola i-SKYACTIV-X entsha, ngakho-ke ngeke kube yisikhathi esithile ngo-2019 lapho sizokwazi khona ukubona izinzuzo zenjini.
Mayelana nomklamo, uKevin Rice, inhloko yesikhungo sokuklama saseYurophu sakwaMazda, usitshele ukuthi ukubukeka kweKai Concept kuyakhiqizwa, okusho ukuthi ayikude kakhulu nenguqulo yokugcina yeMazda3 yesikhathi esizayo — khohlwa ukuthi ngamasondo ama-mega, mini- izibuko zangemuva noma izimboni eziveziwe...
U-85-90% wezixazululo zedizayini ze-Kai Concept zingangena ekukhiqizweni.
Ufinyelele ekupheleni kwesihloko... ekugcineni!
Isithembiso kufanele, kusho uRui Veloso. Ngakho nalu uhlobo lwesinxephezelo. I-kamehameha eyingqophamlando ekhumbula izehlakalo ngaphakathi kwamagumbi avuthayo enjini ye-SKYACTIV-X.