Ngemuva kokuthi i-Dieselgate igubuzele i-Diesel efwini elimnyama - sithi "impela", ngoba empeleni, ukuphela kwayo bekukade kudingidwa kuyo ngesizotha ngaphambili - manje sekudingeka ukushintshwa okufanelekile. Uthanda ungathandi, iqiniso liwukuthi izinjini zikadizili bezikhona futhi zisaqhubeka nokuba yisinqumo seningi labathengi. Futhi cha, akukhona e-Portugal kuphela… Thatha lesi sibonelo.
Sbambela: funa!
Kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi ukufakwa kukagesi kube “okujwayelekile” okusha embonini yezimoto - kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2025 isabelo sezimoto zikagesi ezingu-100% sisazungeze i-10%, engeningi.Ngakho-ke, kuze kufike lokhu "okuvamile" okusha, isisombululo esidingekayo esinikeza umnotho wokusetshenziswa kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kwe-Diesel ngezindleko zokuthenga izinjini zikaphethiloli.
Iyiphi enye indlela lena?
Okuxakayo ukuthi iVolkswagen, uhlobo olube yisizinda sokuzamazama komhlaba, oluqhamuke nenye esikhundleni sikaDizili. Ngokusho komkhiqizo waseJalimane, enye kungaba injini yakho entsha ye-B-cycle. Ngakho-ke wengeza olunye uhlobo lomjikelezo kulezo ezivele zikhona ezinjinini zikaphethiloli: i-Otto, i-Atkinson ne-Miller.
Imijikelezo nemijikelezo eyengeziwe
Okwaziwa kakhulu umjikelezo we-Otto, isisombululo esiphindaphindeka kakhulu embonini yezimoto. Imijikelezo ye-Atkinson ne-Miller ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ngezindleko zokusebenza okuthile.
Inzuzo (ngokusebenza kahle) nokulahlekelwa (ekusebenzeni) ngenxa yesikhathi sokuvula i-valve yokungena esigabeni sokucindezela. Lesi sikhathi sokuvula sibangela isigaba sokucindezela esifushane kunesigaba sokunweba.
Ingxenye yomthwalo esigabeni sokucindezela ixoshwa yi-valve yokungena esavuliwe. Ngakho-ke i-piston ithola ukumelana okuncane kokucindezelwa kwamagesi - isizathu sokuthi kungani ukusebenza kahle okuqondile kwehle, okungukuthi, kubangela amandla amancane amahhashi kanye ne-Nm. Yilapho umjikelezo weMiller, owaziwa nangokuthi injini ye-«five-stroke», iyangena. okuthi, lapho isebenzisa ukushaja okuphezulu, ibuyisele le shaji elahlekile ekamelweni lokushisa.
Namuhla, ngenxa yokulawulwa okwandayo kwayo yonke inqubo yokuvutha, ngisho nezinjini zomjikelezo we-Otto sezivele zikwazi ukulingisa imijikelezo ye-Atkinson lapho imithwalo iphansi (ngaleyo ndlela yandisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo).
Pho usebenza kanjani umjikelezo B?
Ngokuyisisekelo, umjikelezo B wukuvela komjikelezo weMiller. Umjikelezo weMiller uvala ama-valve okuphuza ngaphambi nje kokuphela kwe-stroke yokuthatha. Umjikelezo we-B uhlukile kumjikelezo weMiller ngoba uvala ama-valve angenayo kusenesikhathi. Umphumela uba ukuvutha okude, okusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokugeleza komoya okusheshayo kumagesi athathayo, okuthuthukisa ingxube kaphethiloli/yomoya.
Enye yezinzuzo zalo mjikelezo we-B omusha ukukwazi ukushintshela kumjikelezo we-Otto lapho kudingeka amandla amakhulu, kubuyele kumjikelezo ka-B osebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi nezimo zokusetshenziswa ezivamile. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokugudluzwa kwe-axial ye-camshaft - enamakhamera amabili ku-valve ngayinye - okuvumela izikhathi zokuvula zama-valve okungena ukuze zishintshwe emjikelezweni ngamunye.
Iphuzu lokuqala
Injini ye-EA888 bekuyisiqalo salesi sixazululo. Eseyaziwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eqenjini laseJalimane, iyinjini engu-2.0 l turbo enamasilinda amane emgqeni. Le njini yashintshwa ngokuyinhloko ezingeni lekhanda (ithole ama-camshaft amasha nama-valve) ukuze isebenze ngokuvumelana nemingcele yalo mjikelezo omusha. Lezi zinguquko ziphinde zaphoqa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwama-pistons, izingxenye kanye negumbi elivuthayo.Ukuze kunxeshezelwe isigaba sokucindezela esifushane, iVolkswagen inyuse isilinganiso sokuminyanisa saba ngu-11.7:1, inani elingakaze libonwe lenjini eshajwe kakhulu, okufakazela ukuqiniswa kwezinye izingxenye. Ngisho ne-EA888 ekhona ayidluli ku-9.6:1. Umjovo oqondile ubuye wabona umfutho wayo ukhuphuka, manje usufinyelela kumabha angama-250.
Njengokuvela kwe-EA888, isizukulwane sesithathu salo mndeni wenjini saziwa ngokuthi I-EA888 Gen. 3B.
asiye ezinombolweni
I-EA888 B igcina wonke amasilinda amane emugqeni kanye no-2.0 l womthamo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-turbo. Ilethela cishe i-184 hp phakathi kuka-4400 no-6000 rpm kanye ne-torque engu-300 Nm phakathi kuka-1600 no-3940 rpm. . Le njini izoqale ihlose ukukhipha i-1.8 TSI ehlomisa izinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lwaseJalimane ezidayiswa emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika.
Ukwehlisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu? Futhi ungamboni.
Kuzofika kokusha IVolkswagen Tiguan yaqala injini entsha e-USA. Ngokusho komkhiqizo, i-2.0 entsha izovumela ukusebenza okungcono kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi nokukhipha umoya uma kuqhathaniswa ne-1.8 eyeka ukusebenza.
Okwamanje, ayikho idatha esemthethweni mayelana nokusetshenziswa. Kodwa umkhiqizo ulinganisela ukwehla kokusetshenziswa okungaba ngu-8%, okuyisibalo esingathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokuthuthukiswa kwalo mjikelezo omusha we-B.