Umthwalo wentela ophakeme kuphethiloli awanele ukuchaza ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinyangeni zokuqala zalo nyaka, kodwa kusesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani iPortugal (njalo) iphezulu ohlwini lwamanani kaphethiloli e-European Union.
Phakathi kweNtela Yemikhiqizo Kaphethiloli (ISP), izinkokhelo kanye Nentela Yenani Elingeziwe (VAT), izwe lase-Portuguese liqoqa cishe u-60% yenani lokugcina elikhokhelwa amaPutukezi ngophethiloli.
Endabeni kaphethiloli, futhi ngokolwazi lwakamuva kakhulu oluvela kwa-Apetro, bangaphansi kwesilinganiso se-VAT esingu-23% kanye no-0.526 €/l Wentela Yemikhiqizo Kaphethiloli, okungezwe kuyo u-0.087 €/l kubhekiselwe Emnikelo Womgwaqo. Isevisi kanye no-0.054 €/l ebhekisela kuNtela Yekhabhoni. Udizili ungaphansi kwenani le-VAT elingu-23% kanye no-0.343 €/l Wentela Yemikhiqizo Kaphethiloli, lapho kwengezwa khona u-0.111 €/l Wentela Yesevisi Yomgwaqo kanye no-0.059 €/l weNtela Yekhabhoni.
Imali eyengeziwe ye-ISP idalwe ngo-2016
Kulokhu kusadingeka sengeze izimali ezengeziwe ze-ISP, inani elingu-€0.007/l likaphethiloli kanye ne-€0.0035/l likadizili womgwaqo.
Uhulumeni wethula le mali eyengeziwe ngowezi-2016, eyamenyezelwa njengeyesikhashana, ukuze ibhekane namanani kawoyela, ngaleso sikhathi afinyelela emazingeni aphansi ngokomlando (nokho, aphinde akhuphuka…), ukuze kubuyiselwe imali eyayilahleka ku-VAT. Okwakufanele kube yisilinganiso sesikhashana, kugcine sekuhlala unomphela, ngakho le mali eyengeziwe iyagcinwa.
Le ntela kaphethiloli eyengeziwe, ekhokhwa abathengi isikhathi ngasinye lapho begcwalisa idiphozithi yemoto yabo, ithunyelwa ku-Permanent Forest Fund kuze kufike umkhawulo omkhulu wama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-30.
Izinga Lekhabhoni Liyaqhubeka Likhula
Elinye izinga elikhona kusukela ngo-2015 njalo uma sima egalaji yiCarbon Tax, eyethulwa ngenhloso yokusiza “ukucekela phansi umnotho, kugqugquzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla engcolisa kancane”.
Inani layo liyahlukahluka kuye ngenani elimaphakathi elenziwa unyaka ngamunye ezindalini zamalayisense akhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi ichazwa kanjalo minyaka yonke. Ngo-2021, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imelela ama-euro angu-0.054 ngelitha ngalinye likaphethiloli kanye nama-euro angu-0.059 ngelitha ngalinye likadizili.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo zango-2020, ukunyuka bekuyinsalela: kuphela ngu-0.01 €/l kuzo zombili izinhlobo zikaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, uma sibuyela emuva ngomunye unyaka, sibona ukuthi amanani ngo-2020 aphindeke kabili uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, enikeza izinkomba mayelana nohlobo lokuvela kwaleli zinga eminyakeni yamuva.
Lapho iqala ukusebenza ngo-2015, leli zinga “kuphela” lalingu-0.0126 €/l likaphethiloli nodizili. Manje, eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, leli zinga seliphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kane. Futhi amathemba ka-2022 ukuthi izokwanda futhi.