Ake sibuyele emuva kuJune 1924. Indawo iStockholm futhi yisikhathi sonyaka lapho inhloko-dolobha yaseSweden iba mnandi kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo adlula u-21°C futhi izinsuku zithatha amahora angaphezu kwangu-12 – umehluko nobusika besolstice ngeke ube mkhulu.
Kwakungenxa yalokhu okwasemuva lapho abangani ababili asebenesikhathi eside, u-Assar Gabrielsson noGustav Larson, bekhuluma okokuqala ngqa mayelana nokwenzeka kokusungulwa kohlobo lwezimoto. Mhlawumbe igama elithi “khuluma” alinacala kakhulu lapho kubhekwe umgomo wokuvelela… kodwa siyaqhubeka.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemva kwaleyo ngxoxo yokuqala, ngo-August 24, u-Assar noLarson baphinde bahlangana. Indawo yomhlangano? Indawo yokudlela yokudla kwasolwandle eStockholm.
Kwakukwelinye lamatafula kule ndawo yokudlela, ephakelwa amalobster, lapho kwasayinwa khona esinye sezibopho ezibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimoto - njengoba sizothola ithuba lokubona kule Special 90 years yeVolvo.
ukuqala kobungani
Ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke, ake sikhumbule ukuthi indaba yala madoda amabili yaphambana kanjani. U-Assar Gabrielsson noGustav Larson bahlangana enkampanini ethwala impahla, i-Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF).
UGabrielsson, owaphothula eStockholm School of Economics, ube nomsebenzi omude e-SKF, lapho abambe khona isikhundla sokuba uMqondisi Jikelele Wezokuthengisa.
U-Larson naye wasebenza kwa-SKF kodwa njengonjiniyela, lapho asuka khona ngo-1919 waya kosebenzela u-AB GALCO - naye ozinze eStockholm.
UGabrielsson noLarson babengebona nje abantu abajwayelene nabo, kwakukhona ukuzwelana komuntu siqu kwangempela phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babenamakhono ochwepheshe ahambisanayo. UGabrielsson wayenolwazi lwezomnotho nobuchule bokuthola imali yokuthola iVolvo, kuyilapho uLarson ekwazi ukuklama nokwakha imoto.
Izinhloso zika-Assar Gabrielsson (ezinhle).
Ukwazi lokhu kuphelelisana ngokwemibandela yobungcweti nozwela ngokomuntu siqu, njengoba ungase ucabange kakade, akubanga ngenhlanhla ukuthi u-Assar Gabrielsson akhethe uGustav Larson ukuba adle “lobster” edume kangaka.
Ngemva kwaleyo ndlela yokuqala, u-Assar wayefuna ukwazi ukuthi u-Gustav angavuma yini (noma cha) ukwamukela iphrojekthi eyayinesifiso sokuvelela njengoba yayiyingozi: ithole uhlobo lokuqala lwemoto yaseSweden (i-SAAB yavela kuphela ngo-1949).
Kuthiwa ukushona komkakhe engozini yemoto kwaba yinhlansi elahlekile ku-Assar Gabrielsson ukuthi aqhubekele phambili nomsebenzi. UGustav Larson wayamukele inselele.
OKUPHATHELENE: I-Special Car Ledger. Iminyaka engu-90 yeVolvo.
Kwakukulowo mhlangano phakathi kwalaba bangane ababili lapho kwasungulwa khona izimiso zekusasa lomkhiqizo (owayengakabi nalo igama). Namuhla, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-90 kamuva, iVolvo isalandela izimiso ezifanayo.
"Insimbi yaseSweden yinhle, kodwa imigwaqo yaseSweden mibi." | U-Assar Gabrielsson encwadini ethi Thirty years of Volvo
Izimoto zakho bekufanele zithembeke . Amamodeli akhiqizwa ama-brand aseJalimane, amaNgisi naseMelika awazange aklanyelwe noma alungiselelwe izimo zezulu ezinzima zaseScandinavia kanye nemigwaqo esabekayo yaseSweden.
Ngaphezu kokwethembeka, izimoto zabo kwakufanele ziphephe. . Izinga eliphezulu lezingozi emigwaqweni yaseSweden ngeminyaka yawo-1920 kwaba okunye okukhathaza kakhulu uGabrielsson noLarson - njengoba sibona, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha bekukhona kusukela ekuqaleni kweVolvo.
Kulaba bangane ababili, izimoto, njengophawu lwenqubekelaphambili nenkululeko, zazinesibopho sokuphepha.
Kusukela emagameni ukuya ekuzilolongeni
Ngokuvumelana nezinhloso zalo msebenzi, ngosuku olufanayo badla amalobster adumile, uGabrielsson noLarson basayina isivumelwano somlomo. Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka kamuva, isivumelwano sasayinwa ngokuphumelelayo, ngo-December 16, 1925. Isenzo sokuqala esinesizotha.
Le nkontileka ikhombise, phakathi kokunye, indima umuntu ngamunye azoyibamba kulo msebenzi.
UGustav wayebhekelele ingxenye yobunjiniyela. Wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuklama imodeli yokuqala, kanye nokuhlela uhlelo lokutshala izimali lwemboni entsha. Nge-caveat eyodwa: izobuyiselwa kuphela uma uhlelo luphumelele. Futhi ngempumelelo kuhloswe ngayo ukukhiqiza okungenani izimoto eziyi-100 ngo-January 1, 1928. Ubungozi avuma ukubuthatha ngoba ukwazile ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe kwa-AB Galco ngokuhambisana.
Ngokulandelayo, u-Assar Gabrielsson wathatha izingozi zezezimali zephrojekthi, lapho abeka khona zonke izimali zakhe ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sempumelelo.
Ebhekene nalezi zingozi (eziphezulu), u-Assar uphinde waqhubeka nokusebenza kwa-SKF. UBjörn Prytz, umqondisi ophethe we-SKF, akazange aphikisane nalo msebenzi inqobo nje uma ungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwakhe enkampanini.
Kwakungewona umfutho. Konke kwakucatshangwa
Abangane nokudla kwasolwandle ngesidlo sasemini esimnandi sasehlobo. Sekushiwo lokho, kuncane noma akukho lutho olukhomba kuphrojekthi yochwepheshe. Umbono ongalungile ngokuphelele.
Njengoba sesibonile, mayelana nomkhiqizo wakwa-Volvo wacatshangelwa kahle (ukwethembeka nokuphepha ngaphezu kwakho konke), kwakunjalo nangohlelo lwebhizinisi (umbono namasu).
Ngesikhathi ehlala eParis ngo-1921, uGabrielsson, esebenzela i-SKF njengomqondisi wezohwebo, wabona ukuthi kunezinkampani ezikhiqizayo ezitshala imali ngqo embonini yezimoto ngokutholwa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto. Ngale ndlela, bakwazi ukuthonya ukukhethwa kwabahlinzeki futhi baqinisekise umthamo omkhulu wama-oda.
Esikhathini esithile phakathi kuka-1922 no-1923, uGabrielsson wahlongoza imodeli yebhizinisi efana ne-SKF kodwa ibhodi yabaqondisi benkampani yaseSweden yenqaba.
Konke noma lutho
Ingoma ye-SKF ethi 'ngiyabonga kodwa cha' ayizange iwuthene amandla uGabrielsson noma izifiso zakhe. Kangangokuthi uGabrielsson, ngo-1924, wenza isiphakamiso sokuthi sasisanda kuxoxa noGustav Larson - lowo mhlangano endaweni yokudlela yokudla kwasolwandle.
Encwadini yakhe ethi “The Thirty Years of Volvo History”, uGabrielsson uveza kahle ubunzima bokuhlela ukuxhasa ngezimali iphrojekthi yakhe.
Abadlali bemboni yezimoto bebenentshisekelo ethile kuphrojekthi yethu, kodwa bekuyintshisekelo yothando. Akekho owaba nesibindi sokutshala imali enkampanini yezimoto zaseSweden.
Noma kunjalo, iphrojekthi yaqhubekela phambili. UGabrielsson kanye no-Larson banquma ukuqhubekela phambili ekukhiqizeni ama-prototypes angu-10, ukuze kamuva bayethule futhi ku-SKF. Kwaba konke noma lutho.
Kuthiwa isinqumo sokukhiqiza ama-prototypes angu-10 esikhundleni sowodwa sasiwuhlobo “lwepulani B”. Uma iphrojekthi ingahambanga kahle, uGabrielsson angazama ukuthengisa izingxenye ze-prototype - izinkampani zithenga ngobuningi. Ukudayisa u-gearbox, injini, ama-suspension akubanga namandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba ababili abaphambili babeqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi i-SKF izokwenza iphrojekthi isebenze lapho ibona ama-prototypes okuqala e-ÖV 4 (osesithombeni).
Inkolelo yayiwukuthi yonke imibhalo, izinhlelo kanye neminye imibhalo yangaphakathi ilandela izinqubo zangaphakathi ze-SKF, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka isivumelwano sifezeka, ukuhlanganiswa kwephrojekthi kwakuzoshesha.
Ngena emsebenzini!
Izibonelo zokuqala eziyi-10 ze-ÖV 4 zakhiwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Gustav Larson, emagcekeni akwa-AB Galco - inkampani lapho lo njiniyela ayesebenza khona futhi eyamqinisekisa amandla ezezimali okuqhubeka nokusebenza kuphrojekthi.
Isitudiyo sokuthuthukisa sasikwenye yezigaba zendlu yakhe. Kulapho u-Larson, ngemva kosuku e-AB Galco, ahlangana nabanye onjiniyela abanesibindi ukuze bakhe ama-prototypes okuqala.
“Isihlalo sezimali” kwakungenye indlu yangasese, kuleli cala indlu kaGabrielsson. Bekuyindlela yokudlulisa ukuphepha kubahlinzeki. UGabrielsson wayengumuntu ohlonishwa kakhulu embonini. Njengoba sibona, kwakunesimo sezulu sangempela sokuqala.
Inhloso ifeziwe
I-prototype yokuqala yayilungile ngo-June 1926. Futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka u-Larson noGabrielsson bagibela i-ÖV 4 futhi bashayela baya e-Gothenburg kuyo ukuze bethule uhlelo lokutshala izimali kwa-SKF. Ukungena okunqobayo, ukufika ngemoto yakho. Brilliant, awucabangi?
Ngo-August 10, 1926 ibhodi yabaqondisi be-SKF yanquma ukunikeza ukukhanya okuluhlaza kuphrojekthi kaGabrielsson noLarson. "Bala kithi!"
Ezinsukwini ezimbili nje kamuva, kwasayinwa inkontileka phakathi kwe-SKF no-Assaf Gabrielsson, ebeka ukudluliselwa kwama-prototypes angu-10 nawo wonke amaphepha asekelayo alo msebenzi. Lesi sabelo sizokwenziwa enkampanini ebizwa ngeVolvo AB.
Ubukwazi lokho? Igama elithi Volvo lisuselwa olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho ukuthi “Ngiyagingqa” (Ngiyagingqa), kubhekiselwa ekunyakazeni okujikelezayo kwamabheringi. Yabhaliswa ngo-1915, uhlobo lweVolvo ekuqaleni bekungokwenkampani ye-SKF futhi yadalelwa ukusho uhla lwama-bearings akhethekile ase-USA.
Le nkontileka iphinde yabeka inkokhelo yakho konke ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-Assar kuphrojekthi. UGustav Larson naye wakhokhelwa ngawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Babekwenzile.
NgoJanuwari 1, 1927, nangemva kweminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi onzima, u-Assar Gabrielsson waqanjwa njengomongameli weVolvo. Ngokulandelayo, uGustav Larson waqokwa njengephini likamongameli womkhiqizo futhi wavalelisa ku-AB Galco.
Indaba iqala lapha
Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kamuva, ngo-10 ekuseni, u-Hilmer Johansson, umqondisi wezokuthengisa womkhiqizo waseSweden, wathatha umgwaqo wokuqala wokukhiqiza iVolvo ÖV4.
Imodeli ezokwaziwa nge-“Jakob”, eshintshwayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama enama-mudguards amnyama, efakwe injini engu-4-cylinder - bheka lapha.
Indaba yakwaVolvo iqala lapha ngempela futhi kusekuningi okumele sikuxoxe. Sineminye iminyaka engama-90 yezigigaba nezigigaba zakwaVolvo, ubunzima kanye nokunqoba esingabelana ngakho kule nyanga lapha e-Razão Automóvel.
Silandele ukuze ungaphuthelwa yizahluko ezilandelayo zale Volvo 90th Anniversary Special.
