Izinjini zikadizili azikaze kukhulunywe ngazo ngale ndlela. Kungaba ngenxa ye-Dieselgate, noma ngenxa yokuthi abanye abakhiqizi bakhipha isimemezelo sokuphela kwezinjini zikadizili, noma ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo imikhiqizo efana ne-Mercedes-Benz manje yethula amamodeli we-plug-in Diesel, lapho yonke into ibonakala iphikisana nokusanhlamvu - ngaphandle kwe-Mazda. , njengenjwayelo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi imithetho eqinile emelene nokungcola iye yaqinisa amandla ezinjini zikadizili, njengoba abakhiqizi kufanele bahlangane ukuze kuzuzwe, ngokwandayo, ukunciphisa intuthu engcolisayo.
Izinhlelo zokulwa nokunukubezeka - I-valve ye-EGR, izihlungi ze-particle kanye nokwehliswa kwe-catalytic okukhethiwe - bebengabambisene abakhulu ukufeza izinhloso ezifunwayo. Ubuchwepheshe obunezihibe zabo, ikakhulukazi uma singazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nazo...
Ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinkimbinkimbi nokubizayo ezinhlelweni zokulwa nokunukubezeka, ikakhulukazi kusihlungi sezinhlayiya, ukwesaba okukhulu lapho uthenga imoto yeDizili, kodwa lokhu kungagwenywa.
Lesi sihloko sibanzi, kodwa kuzofaneleka ukwelula impilo yezingxenye kanye nemoto yakho ye-diesel, futhi ulondoloze ushintsho oluthile esikhwameni sakho, ngaphezu kokwazi zonke izinhlelo.
Ivalvu ye-EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).
Njengoba igama lisho, i-valve ye-EGR (i-exhaust gas recirculation valve) - ubuchwepheshe obaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970 - ibangela ingxenye yamagesi e-exhaust akhiqizwa phakathi nokusha ukuthi abuyele ekamelweni elivuthayo ukuze ashise izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo. .
Ingenye yezindlela ezivumela ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwe-NOx (ama-nitrogen oxides), akhiqizwa ebangeni elincishisiwe lokushisa okuphezulu nezingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesilinda.
CHA x ingenye yezinto ezingcolisa umzimba eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu.
Amagesi abuyiselwa endaweni yokungena, lapho aphinde ashiswe ekamelweni elivuthayo, okuvumela izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwekamelo ukuba lehliswe ngesikhathi sokusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe isizukulwane se-NOx futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa i-NOx esevele yenziwe futhi. ekhona kulawo magesi akhipha umoya.
Izimbangela nemiphumela
I-valve ye-EGR imisiwe emkhatsini we-exhaust eningi kanye ne-multifold intake , kanti futhi inezihibe zayo. Okuyinhloko "ukubuya" kwamagesi okukhipha umoya, okubangela ukuthi umqoqi kanye nesifunda sonke sokuthatha siqongelele ukungcola, okunganciphisa amandla nokusebenza kahle kwenjini. Ngokuvamile uthola isexwayiso uma isibani senjini sikhanya.
Lokhu kungasho ukuthi i-valve ye-EGR ayisebenzi ku-100%.
Uma uqaphela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lenjini liphakeme kancane kunokuvamile, lingasho futhi ukungcola okudlulele kuvalvu ye-EGR. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangokusetshenziswa. Amanani aphezulu ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo angathethelelwa ngokuvinjwa okuthile kwe-EGR.
Ukusebenza okungazinzile kokungenzi lutho, kanye nokwehluleka ukuphendula ezimisweni eziphansi neziphakathi kungenzeka kube okunye ukwehluleka ku-EGR.
Uma kwenzeka kune-anomaly, ngaphambi kokufaka i-valve ye-EGR, kufanele uhlanze i-valve. Kulula futhi ngokuvamile kuba nemiphumela emihle, kokubili emotweni nasesikhwameni sakho.
Njengokuvimbela, futhi noma ungenazo izinkinga ezinkulu, hlanza i-EGR kuzibuyekezo. Gwema imizamo lapho injini isabanda futhi gwema ukushayela njalo nge-rpm ephansi.
Isihlungi Sezinhlayiyana (FAP)
Isihlungi se-Diesel Particulate senzelwe ukuqeda izinhlayiya ze-soot kumagesi aphumayo, futhi sitholakala ohlelweni lwe-exhaust. Iwubuchwepheshe obusha kunobuchwepheshe be-EGR, futhi yaba yisibopho kusukela ngo-2010 kuya phambili ukuze ihambisane nezindinganiso zokulwa nokungcoliswa kwe-Euro 5.
Ngokungafani ne-catalyst lapho amagesi edlula eziteshini ezivulekile nge-ceramic noma i-metallic monoliths, lokhu akwenzeki kusihlungi se-particle. Inhloso yalezi zihlungi ukucupha umule bese uwuqeda ngokuwushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Njenganoma yisiphi isihlungi, lezi zinhlelo nazo zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze zigcine umsebenzi wazo. Inqubo yokuvuselela yenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, iqalwa ngemva kokuba umule oqoqiwe ufinyelele izinga elithile. Kungenzeka ukuqeda, phakathi nale nqubo, kuze kufike ku-85% we-soot futhi kwezinye izimo cishe i-100%.
Izimbangela nemiphumela
Indlela yokwenza lokhu kuvuselelwa kwesihlungi iyahlukahluka kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa abakhiqizi bezimoto, kodwa bahlala bethatha izinga lokushisa elithile lenjini kanye namagesi okukhipha umoya (phakathi kuka-650 no-1000 ° C) kanye nesikhathi esithile. Ngakho indlela esisebenzisa ngayo imoto inquma kakhulu impilo nokuphila isikhathi eside kwalesi sici.Imizila yasemadolobheni evamisile (imvamisa emifushane) noma ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemoto kusho ukuthi izihlungi azifinyeleli ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvuselelwa nokushiswa kwezinhlayiya.
Lawa anqwabelene esihlungini, okwandisa umfutho wangemuva ku-exhaust, okwenza imoto ilahlekelwe ukusebenza nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Uma ukuvuselelwa kungenzeki, ukukhanya kokungasebenzi kahle kwephaneli yensimbi kungase kuvele, sikwazise ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngesihlungi se-particle.
Kungenzeka ukuqalisa inqubo yokuvuselela uma sishayela cishe imizuzu eyi-10, ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-70 km/h, okuphoqa injini ukuthi ihambe ngesivinini esithe ukudlula esijwayelekile.
Ukunganaki isixwayiso, ezinye izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle zingase ziphakame. Imoto ingangena kumodi ephephile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isinqumo singase vele sidinge uhambo oluya endaweni yokusebenzela ukuze kwenziwe ukuvuselelwa.
Uma ukuvuselelwa kungasekho, njengoba izinga lezinhlayiya kusihlungi liphezulu kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwaso kuyodingeka, okuhlanganisa izindleko ezinkulu.
Impilo ewusizo yezihlungi zezinhlayiyana incike kakhulu, kokubili emotweni nasendleleni eshayelwa ngayo, futhi ingasukela Amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80, kuya kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 (ngisho nangaphezulu) . Ukushintshwa kungenziwa futhi uma kutholwa ukuthi ayisakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha, noma ngenxa yesimo esithile enjinini noma izinzwa esilimaze ngokungenakulungiseka isihlungi.
Ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa
Gwema uhambo olufushane nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwemoto yakho, kanye nokushayela njalo ngama-revs aphansi. Izinguquko ku-ECU kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kungase kungabi nemiphumela enenzuzo kusihlungi sezinhlayiyana.
I-SCR ne-AdBlue
Lesi sengezo - akusona isithasiselo sikaphethiloli, njengoba abanye besho - beza kithi kamuva nje, ku-2015, futhi saphinde sadalwa ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga adingekayo okukhishwa, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) esimweni se-Diesel, kakade ngaphansi kwe-Euro. 6. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi ibisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisindayo kuphela.
Isixazululo sidlula ku- Isistimu ye-SCR - Ukuncishiswa Okukhethiwe Kwe-Catalytic - okusebenza kwayo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa uketshezi lwe-AdBlue. Uhlelo lwe-SCR ngokuyisisekelo luwuhlobo lwe-catalyst, olufakwe ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, oluphula amagesi avela ekushiseni, luhlukanise ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) kwamanye.
I-AdBlue iyisisombululo esinamanzi se-urea (32.5% i-urea ehlanzekile, i-67.5% yamanzi angcolile) ejojowe ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya, okubangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho uthintana namagesi. , ukuhlukanisa i-NOx kumagesi asele futhi uwanciphise, uwaguqule abe amagesi angenabungozi - umhwamuko wamanzi ne-nitrogen.
Isixazululo asinabo ubuthi, kodwa siyagqwala kakhulu, yingakho ukugcwalisa i-refueling kuvame ukwenziwa endaweni yokusebenzela, futhi abakhiqizi bathuthukisa uhlelo ukuze ukuzimela kwethangi lanele ukumboza amakhilomitha phakathi kokulungiswa kabusha.
Isistimu izimele ngokuphelele futhi ayiphazamisi ukuvutha ngaphakathi kwenjini, ikwazi ukuqeda kuze kufike ku-80% wokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa.
Izimbangela nemiphumela
Amaphutha aziwayo kulesi simiso awavamile, noma kunjalo, njengezihlungi ze-particle, izinkinga ezifanayo zingenzeka, njengokunciphisa amandla ngisho nokungenakwenzeka kokuqala imoto. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-AdBlue "i-additive", okwenza ngisho nokuba imoto ingakwazi ukuhamba, noma olunye uhlobo lwe-anomaly ohlelweni, futhi okwenza inqubo yesistimu ye-SCR ingenzeki.
Bona izincomo zokusebenza kahle kwesistimu ye-AdBlue kule galari:
Kulesi simo, imizila yasemadolobheni kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwemoto kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-AdBlue, ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle. Akuzona zonke izimoto ezisebenzisa lolu hlelo ezinenkomba yezinga le-AdBlue, kodwa zonke zilungele ukuxwayisa umshayeli uma izinga le-AdBlue liphansi, ngaleso sikhathi kusengenzeka ukuthi uhambe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ukuze ugcwalise.
Amathangi e-AdBlue mancane, njengoba ukusetshenziswa cishe kungamalitha amabili kumakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, futhi intengo yelitha ngalinye cishe i-euro eyodwa.
Lapha, ukuvimbela kwenziwa ngokuqaphela ukuthi ungavumeli uketshezi lwe-AdBlue luphele. Amakhilomitha amahle!