I-alternator yemoto ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zezimoto ezinenjini evuthayo—nakuba izimoto zikagesi nazo zinengxenye yenjongo efanayo.
Sekushiwo lokho, i-alternator yenjini iyisakhi esiguqula amandla e-kinetic - akhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwenjini - abe amandla kagesi. Ugesi osetshenziselwa ukunika amandla isistimu kagesi yemoto kanye nawo wonke amasistimu ahlobene. Amanye ala mandla kagesi asetshenziselwa ukushaja noma ukugcina ukushajwa kwebhethri.
Ngobunzima be-elekthronikhi bezimoto zesimanje, i-alternator isiyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwezimoto. Ngaphandle kwakhe, awuyi ndawo. Uzoqonda ukuthi kungani.
Isebenza kanjani i-alternator?
Njengoba kushiwo, i-alternator ingumshini kagesi oguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi.
I-alternator yenjini iqukethe i-rotor enamazibuthe baphakade (bheka isithombe), exhunywe ku-crankshaft yenjini ngebhande.
Le rotor izungezwe i-stator, insimu yayo kazibuthe isabela ekunyakazeni okujikelezayo kwe-rotor okubangelwa i-crankshaft, ekhiqiza amandla kagesi kule nqubo. Njengoba kuncike ekujikelezeni kwe-crankshaft, i-alternator ikhiqiza ugesi kuphela uma injini isebenza.
Ku-rotor shaft kukhona amabhulashi athumela ugesi owenziwe ku-rectifier kanye nomlawuli we-voltage. Isilungisisi siyingxenye eguqula i-alternating current (AC) ibe yamanje eqondile (DC) — i-current ehambisana namasistimu kagesi wemoto. I-voltage regulator ilungisa i-voltage ephumayo kanye neyamanje, iqinisekisa ukuthi awekho ama-spikes.
Uyini umsebenzi we-alternator?
Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zisebenza ngamandla angu-12 V (Volts). Izibani, umsakazo, isistimu yokukhipha umoya, amabhulashi, njll.
Uma imoto icishiwe, yibhethri elinika zonke lezi zingxenye amandla. Uma siqala injini, i-alternator eqala ukwenza lo msebenzi futhi igcwalise kabusha ukushaja ebhethrini.
Izimoto ezinohlelo lwe-48 V
Izimoto zesimanjemanje - eziqanjwe ngokuthi i-mild-hybrid, noma uma uthanda, i-semi-hybrid - zisebenzisa amasistimu kagesi ahambisanayo angu-48 V. Azifakelwe i-alternator evamile.
Kulezi zimoto, i-alternator ivumela umshini kagesi, omgomo wayo wokusebenza ufana, kodwa uthatha eminye imisebenzi:
- Ukukhiqiza ibhethri ye-high-voltage - ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezimoto zesimanje kuphezulu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bazo;
- Siza injini evuthayo ekusheshiseni nasekululameni — amandla agcinwe ebhethrini lamandla kagesi aphezulu asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amandla;
- Isebenza njengenjini yokuqalisa — njengoba inenjini ekabili/umsebenzi wejeneretha, ithatha indawo yenjini yokuqalisa;
- Ikhulula injini yomlilo — ezimotweni ezinesistimu engu-48 V, izakhi ezifana nesiteringi samandla, isimo somoya, noma amasistimu okusekela okushayela zincike ngokuqondile kulolu hlelo ukuze kukhululwe injini ngomsebenzi wayo oyinhloko: ukuhambisa imoto.
Ezimotweni zikagesi, i-alternator evamile ayiwenzi umqondo ngoba sinamabhethri - ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhiqiza amandla kagesi ukunika amandla amasistimu emoto. Kodwa-ke, izinjini zokubhuleka nokwehlisa izinga lezimoto zikagesi nazo zisebenza ngomgomo ofanayo njengama-alternator: ziguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi.
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