Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule iMercedes-Benz S-Class (W116) yaba imoto yokuqala yokukhiqiza ukuhlonyiswa i-electronic anti-lock braking system (kusukela ku-German Antiblockier-Bremssystem yasekuqaleni), eyaziwa kangcono ngesifinyezo I-ABS.
Itholakala kuphela njengenketho, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1978, ngesamba esingenasizotha sika-DM 2217.60 (cishe ama-euro angu-1134), izokhula ngokushesha kulo lonke uhlobo lomkhiqizo waseJalimane - ngo-1980 njengenketho kuwo wonke amamodeli ayo. , ngo-1981 yafinyelela kwezohwebo futhi kusukela ngo-1992 yayiyingxenye yemishini evamile yazo zonke izimoto zakwaMercedes-Benz.
Kodwa yini i-ABS?
Njengoba igama lisho, le sistimu ivimbela amasondo ukuthi angakhiyki uma ebhuleka - ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingabambeki kancane - okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amandla amakhulu okubhuleka, kuyilapho ugcina isilawuli semoto esiqondisayo.
Singabona izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesistimu esithombeni esingenhla, ezingahlukani kakhulu nanamuhla: iyunithi yokulawula (ikhompyutha), izinzwa ezine zesivinini - eyodwa ngesondo ngalinye - ama-hydraulic valves (alawula ukucindezela kwebhuleki), kanye nephampu (buyisela ibhuleki ingcindezi). Kodwa konke kusebenza kanjani? Isitezi sinikeza iMercedes-Benz uqobo, ethathwe kwenye yezincwajana zayo ngaleso sikhathi:
I-anti-lock braking system isebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukuze ibone izinguquko kwisivinini sokujikeleza kwesondo ngalinye ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Uma ijubane lehla ngokushesha (njengalapho ubhuleka endaweni eshelelayo) futhi kuba sengozini yokukhiywa kwesondo, ikhompuyutha inciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucindezela kwebhuleki. Isondo liyashesha futhi futhi i-brake pressure iyakhuphuka futhi, ngaleyo ndlela ibhuleki isondo. Le nqubo iphindwe izikhathi eziningana endabeni yemizuzwana.
Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule…
Kwakuphakathi komhla zingama-22 kanye nomhla zingama-25 kuNcwaba 1978 lapho uMercedes-Benz noBosch bethula khona i-ABS e-Untertürkheim, eStuttgart, eJalimane. Kodwa bekungeke kube okokuqala ekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo.
Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-ABS kwaMercedes-Benz uhlehlela emuva, nesicelo sokuqala esaziwayo selungelo lobunikazi sohlelo ngo-1953, ngoHans Scherenberg, wabe esengumqondisi wokuklama kwaMercedes-Benz futhi kamuva waba ngumqondisi wayo wokuthuthukiswa.
Izinhlelo ezifanayo zase zaziwa kakade, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezindizeni (anti-skid) noma ezitimeleni (anti-slip), kodwa emotweni kwakuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, onezidingo ezinkulu kakhulu ezinzwa, ukucubungula idatha nokulawula. Intuthuko ejulile phakathi komnyango wezoCwaningo neNtuthuko ngokwawo kanye nabalingani abehlukene bezimboni izoba yimpumelelo ekugcineni, lapho uguquko lwenzeka ngo-1963, lapho kuqala umsebenzi, ngokwemibandela ebambekayo, ohlelweni lokulawula i-electronic-hydraulic.
Ngo-1966, uDaimler-Benz waqala ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-Teldix (kamuva eyatholwa yi-Bosch), okwaphumela ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-“Mercedes-Benz/Teldix Anti-Block System” kwabezindaba ngo-1970. , eholwa nguHans Scherenberg. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ukujikeleza kwe-analog, kodwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi bohlelo, ithimba lokuthuthukiswa libheke kumjikelezo wedijithali njengendlela eya phambili - isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa, esilula futhi esinamandla kakhulu.
UJürgen Paul, unjiniyela futhi obhekele iphrojekthi ye-ABS kwaMercedes-Benz, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzothi isinqumo sokungena kwidijithali kwakuwumzuzu obalulekile wokuthuthukiswa kwe-ABS. Kanye no-Bosch - obhekele iyunithi yokulawula yedijithali - i-Mercedes-Benz izodalula isizukulwane sesibili se-ABS endleleni yokuhlola yefekthri yayo e-Untertürkheim.
I-ABS yayiyisiqalo nje
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi i-ABS izogcina isingesinye sezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuphepha ezimotweni, iphinde yaphawula ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusiza zedijithali ezimotweni zohlobo lwaseJalimane, nangale kwalokho.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ze-ABS, phakathi kwezinye izingxenye, kuzophinde kusetshenziswe, kumkhiqizo waseJalimane, ku-ASR noma uhlelo lokulawula ukushushuluza (1985); i-ESP noma ukulawula ukuzinza (1995); i-BAS noma i-Brake Assist System (1996); kanye ne-adaptive cruise control (1998), ngokungezwa kwezinye izinzwa kanye nezingxenye.