Ukushayela okuzimele kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zezimoto ezinengqalasizinda (i-Car-to-X) kuzoba yingxenye yemboni yezimoto, kanye nokuqhutshwa kukagesi, noma ngabe izimoto zamarobhothi sekwephuzile kuze kube yiqiniso.
Kodwa lokho kuzokwenzeka… futhi yingakho minyaka yonke abacwaningi abavela ku-Volkswagen Group behlangana nozakwethu namanyuvesi ukuze bacobelelane ngolwazi e-Autodromo do Algarve. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu lesibili lithuthukisa isipiliyoni sokushayela esizimele esihlala njalo endaweni yemvelo yasemadolobheni edolobheni laseHamburg, eJalimane.
U-Walter ubambelela ku-trajectory yokujikela kwesokudla, aphinde asheshise ukuya kuqondile, abese elungiselela futhi ukuthinta i-apex, acishe akhuphukele ku-corrector. U-Paul Hochrein, umqondisi wephrojekthi, uhlezi ebukeka ezolile ngemuva kwesondo, uzibophezele…angenzi lutho ngaphandle kokubuka. Ukuthi nje uWalter uyakwazi ukwenza yonke into eyedwa lapha kusekethe ye-Portimão.
Ubani uWalter?
UWalter uyi-Audi RS 7 , enye yezimoto zamarobhothi ezimbalwa, elayishwe izinto zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namakhompyutha esiqwini. Ayigcini ngokulandela umkhondo oqinile futhi ohleliwe ethangeni ngalinye lepherimitha ecishe ibe ngu-4.7 km womzila we-Algarve, kodwa ithola indlela yayo ngendlela eguquguqukayo nangesikhathi sangempela.
Esebenzisa isignali ye-GPS, u-Walter uyakwazi ukwazi indawo yakhe ukuya kusentimitha eliseduze kumzila wezindiza ngoba i-arsenal yesofthiwe ibala umzila ongcono kakhulu njalo ngekhulu lesekhondi, echazwe imigqa emibili ohlelweni lokuzulazula. U-Hochrein unesandla sakhe sokudla emshinini ovala uhlelo uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma lokho kwenzeka, u-Walter uzoshintshela ngokushesha kumodi yokushayela mathupha.
Futhi kungani i-RS 7 ibizwa nge-Walter? Amahlaya kaHochrein:
"Sichitha isikhathi esiningi kulezi zimoto ezivivinyayo kangangokuthi sigcina siziqambe amagama."
Ungumholi wohlelo kula masonto amabili e-Algarve, osekungeyesihlanu kuleli qembu lakwaVolkswagen. Uma ethi "thina" ubhekisela eqenjini labaphenyi abangaba ngu-20, onjiniyela - "abahlakaniphile", njengoba uHochrein ebabiza kanjalo - nabashayeli bokuhlola abafike lapha nezimoto zeVolkswagen Group eziyishumi nambili.
Amabhokisi agcwaliswa ngamabhukwana lapho idatha yokulinganisa esanda kuqoqwa ihlolwa futhi ikhishwe ikhodi ngesofthiwe. “Simatasa sihlanganisa o-zero nabanye,” echaza emamatheka.
Onjiniyela nososayensi ndawonye
Inhloso yalo mkhankaso ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile lwezinhlaka ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yakwaVolkswagen Group mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva yezinhlelo zokushayela ezizimele kanye nosizo. Futhi akubona kuphela abasebenzi benkampani yakwaVolkswagen Group ababamba iqhaza kuyo, kodwa futhi nabalingani abavela emanyuvesi ahamba phambili, njengeStanford, eCalifornia, noma iTU Darmstadt, eJalimane.
Bhalisela iphephandaba lethu
"Silapha ukuze senze ukuthi ozakwethu bethu bathole ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe esikuphakamisa kulezi zikhathi zokuhlola", kuchaza u-Hochrein. Futhi inkundla yomjaho i-Algarve yakhethwa ngenxa ye-roller coaster topography, ngoba lapha bonke ubuchwepheshe bungahlolwa ngokuphephile ngenxa yezintuba ezibanzi futhi ngenxa yokuthi kunengozi ephansi kakhulu yokuchayeka ezibukelini “ezingafunwa”:
“Sikwazile ukuhlola amasistimu endaweni enamazinga aphezulu okuphepha kanye nezinselelo ezinzima ezidinga kakhulu, ukuze sikwazi ukuzithuthukisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu esingakhona ngayo. Lo msebenzi uphinde usinike ithuba lokubheka izici ezifanele zokushayela ezingeke zihlolwe ngazodwana emigwaqeni yomphakathi.”
Kunengqondo. Kwa-Walter, isibonelo, amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene okushayela okuzenzakalelayo ayahlolwa.
Bazizwa kanjani abagibeli lapho amathayi kaWalter ekhala emakhoneni ngesivinini esikhulu? Kuthiwani uma i-suspension isendaweni enethezeke kakhudlwana futhi imoto ihamba njalo ngesivinini esiphansi phakathi nomzila? Kungachazwa kanjani ukuhlobana phakathi kwamasondo nokushayela ukuzimela? Iyiphi ibhalansi efanelekile phakathi kokunemba kokuziphatha namandla ekhompyutha adingekayo? Ungayisetha kanjani ishejuli ukuze u-Walter ayonga ngangokunokwenzeka? Ingabe imodi yokushayela lapho u-Walter ekwazi ukusheshisa ngokufutheka emakhoneni ingaba nolaka kangangokuthi yenze abagibeli babuyisele ukudla kwasemini lapho besuka khona? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi uzuze ulwazi oluthe xaxa lokugingqika lokwakheka noma imodeli emotweni yerobhothi? Ingabe umgibeli wePorsche 911 ufuna ukushayelwa ngendlela ehlukile kuneSkoda Superb?
I-PlayStation izokuqondisa
“I-wire steering” — i-steer-by-wire, okukwazi ngayo ukunqamula ukunyakaza kwesiteringi ekunyakazeni kwesondo lokuqondisa—kungobunye ubuchwepheshe obubuye buhlolwe lapha, bufakwe kuVolkswagen Tiguan engilindile emnyango. amabhokisi. Kule moto isiteringi asixhunywanga ngamasondo angaphambili ngomshini, kodwa sixhunywe ngogesi ku-electromechanical control unit, ezungeza isiteringi.
Le Tiguan yokuhlola isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokulungisa izilungiselelo ezihlukile zokuqondisa: eqondile futhi esheshayo ekushayeleni kwezemidlalo noma ngokungaqondile ekuhambeni komgwaqo onguthelawayeka (kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ukushintsha umuzwa wesiteringi nesilinganiso segiya).
Kodwa njengoba izimoto zamarobhothi ezizayo ngeke zize zibe nesiteringi endaweni enkulu yohambo, lapha sinesilawuli se-PlayStation noma i-smartphone eguqulwe yaba yisondo lokuqondisa , okudinga ukuzijwayeza. Yiqiniso, onjiniyela baseJalimane basebenzisa izigaxa ukuze bathuthukise ithrekhi ye-slalom emzileni womgodi futhi, ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, ngicishe ngakwazi ukuqeda isifundo ngaphandle kokuthumela noma yiziphi izimpawu eziwumbala osawolintshi phansi.
U-Dieter no-Norbert, ama-Golf GTI ahamba wodwa
Sesibuyile endleleni, izivivinyo eziholwa u-Gamze Kabil zikhuluma ngamasu ahlukene okushayela okuzihambela ku-Golf GTI ebomvu, “ebizwa” i-dieter . Uma isiteringi singanyakazi lapho imoto iphenduka noma ishintsha imizila kuyilapho izihambela, ingabe lokho kungase kubethuse abagibeli bemoto? Kufanele kube bushelelezi kangakanani ukuguquka ukusuka ekuzilawuleni ukuya ekushayeleni komuntu?
Umphakathi wososayensi nawo uzibandakanye kakhulu kulobu buchwepheshe bezimoto ezizayo. UChris Gerdes, uprofesa eYunivesithi yaseStanford, naye weza ePortimão nabanye babafundi bakhe abafundela ubudokotela ahlala nabo esikoleni. UNorbert , enye iRed Golf GTI.
Akukho okusha kuyena, oseCalifornia, one Golf efana nayo aqhuba ngayo izifundo zeVolkswagen. Inhloso eyinhloko ukulawula ukuguquguquka kokusebenza emikhawulweni kanye nokuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi e-neural lapho amamodeli afanelekile angenziwa imephu futhi kusetshenziswa "ukufunda ngomshini" (ukufunda ngomshini) ngamamodeli okulawula okubikezela. Futhi, ngenqubo efanayo, ithimba libheka imikhondo emisha yokuphendula umbuzo wesigidi samadola: ingabe ama-algorithms asekelwe ku-Artificial Intelligence angavikeleka kunabaqondisi babantu?
Akekho noyedwa wonjiniyela nososayensi abakhona lapha abakholelwa ukuthi, ngokuphambene nalokho ezinye izinhlobo ezivele zikuthembisile, ngo-2022 kuzoba nezimoto zamarobhothi ezizungeza ngokukhululeka emigwaqweni yomphakathi. . Kungenzeka ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi izimoto zokuqala ezishayela ngokuzimele ezindaweni ezilawulwayo njengezikhumulo zezindiza namapaki ezimboni zizobe sezitholakala, nokuthi ezinye izimoto zamarobhothi zizokwazi ukwenza inani elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi isikhathi esifushane emigwaqweni yomphakathi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba..
Asibhekani nentuthuko elula yobuchwepheshe lapha, kodwa akuyona isayensi ye-aerospace, kodwa mhlawumbe sisendaweni ethile phakathi ngokwemibandela yobunkimbinkimbi. Kungakho uma isikhathi sokuhlola salo nyaka siphela eningizimu ye-Portugal, akekho othi “sala kahle”, vele “sibonane maduze”.
Indawo yemithwalo iyanyamalala ukuze yenze amakhompyutha, amakhompyutha amaningi.
Izindawo zasemadolobheni: inselele enkulu
Inselele ehluke ngokuphelele kodwa enzima nakakhulu ukuthi izimoto zamarobhothi kuzodingeka zibhekane nazo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Kungakho iVolkswagen Group ineqembu elizinikele ekusebenzeni kulesi simo, elizinze eHamburg, futhi engijoyine nalo ukuze ngithole umbono wenqubo yentuthuko. Njengoba u-Alexander Hitzinger, iphini likamongameli omkhulu womnyango we-Autonomous Driving eVolkswagen Group kanye neChief Brand Officer yakwaVolkswagen ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe bezimoto zentengiso kwaVolkswagen echaza:
“Leli thimba liwumgogodla womnyango osanda kwakhiwa iVolkswagen Autonomy GmbH, isikhungo samakhono sokushayela ngokuzihambela ku-level 4, ngenhloso enkulu yokuletha lobu buchwepheshe ekuvuthweni ukuze kwethulwe izimakethe. Sisebenza ngohlelo oluzimele lwemakethe esifuna ukulwethula ngokwentengiso maphakathi naleli shumi leminyaka”.
Ukuze kwenziwe zonke lezi zivivinyo, iVolkswagen kanye nohulumeni wobumbano waseJalimane basebenzisana lapha ngokufakwa kwengxenye ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha amathathu ubude enkabeni yeHamburg, lapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo ezimbalwa, ngayinye ethatha isonto futhi yenziwa njalo ngemva kwamabili. kuya emavikini amathathu.
Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukuqoqa ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezinselelo ezijwayelekile zokuminyana kwezimoto zasemadolobheni:
- Maqondana nabanye abashayeli abedlula kude isivinini esisemthethweni;
- Izimoto zipake eduze kakhulu noma ngisho nasemgwaqeni;
- Abahamba ngezinyawo abangalinaki irobhothi elibomvu;
- Abagibeli bamabhayisikili abagibele ngokumelene nokusanhlamvu;
- Noma ngisho nasezimpambanweni zomgwaqo lapho izinzwa ziphuphuthekiswe yimisebenzi noma izimoto ezipakwe ngokungafanele.
Ukuhlolwa kwezimoto zerobhothi edolobheni
Imikhumbi yokuhlola yalezi zimoto zamarobhothi yenziwe ngamaGalofu kagesi amahlanu (okwamanje angakaqanjwa) "azimele" ngokugcwele, akwazi ukubikezela isimo sethrafikhi esingaba khona cishe imizuzwana eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba senzeke - ngosizo lwedatha ebanzi etholwe phakathi nesishiyagalolunye- isigaba sokuhlola inyanga kulo mzila. Futhi yile ndlela izimoto ezishayelwa ngokuzimele zizokwazi ukusabela ngayo kunoma iyiphi ingozi kusenesikhathi.
Lawa ma-Golf kagesi angama-laboratories eqiniso ngamasondo, afakwe izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ophahleni, emaceleni angaphambili nasezindaweni zangaphambili nangemuva, ukuze ahlaziye yonke into ewazungezile ngosizo lwamalaser ayishumi nanye, ama-radar ayisikhombisa, amakhamera angu-14 kanye ne-ultrasound. Futhi esiqwini ngasinye, onjiniyela bahlanganisa amandla okwenza ikhompuyutha angama-laptops angu-15 adlulisa noma amukela kufika kumagigabhayithi amahlanu edatha ngomzuzu.
Lapha, njengasenkundleni yomjaho i-Portimão - kodwa ngokuzwela nakakhulu, njengoba isimo sethrafikhi singashintsha izikhathi eziningana ngomzuzwana - okubalulekile ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo nangesikhathi esisodwa kwamasethi edatha asinda kakhulu njenge-Hitzinger (okuhlanganisa ulwazi ku-motorsport, ukubala ngokunqoba emahoreni angama-24 e-Le Mans, nesikhathi esichithwe eSilicon Valley njengomqondisi wezobuchwepheshe kuphrojekthi yemoto kagesi yakwa-Apple) wazi kahle:
“Sizosebenzisa le datha ukuze siqinisekise futhi siqinisekise uhlelo nje jikelele. Futhi sizokwandisa kakhulu isibalo sezimo ukuze sikwazi ukulungiselela izimoto kuzo zonke izimo ezingaba khona.”
Le phrojekthi izoba nomfutho kuleli dolobha elikhulayo, elinokwanda komnotho okuphawulekayo, kodwa ngenani labantu asebekhulile elibuye libonakale ngokwanda kokugeleza kwezimoto (kokubili abagibeli bansuku zonke nabavakashi) nawo wonke umthelela wemvelo kanye nokuhamba okuhambisana nalokhu.
Lesi sifunda sasemadolobheni sizobona umjikelezo walo welulwa wafinyelela ku-9 km ekupheleni kuka-2020 - ngesikhathi sokuba iNgqungquthela Yomhlaba izobanjelwa kuleli dolobha ngo-2021 - futhi izoba namarobhothi angama-37 anobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bezimoto (cishe inani eliphindwe kabili njengoba zisebenza namuhla).
Njengoba afunda emahoreni angama-24 eLe Mans awina ngayo njengomqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wePorsche ngo-2015, u-Alexander Hitzinger uthi “lona umjaho webanga elide, hhayi umjaho wokugijima, futhi sifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sifika entanjeni ngendlela esifuna ngayo.” .
Ababhali: Joaquim Oliveira/Press Inform.
Ithimba likaRazão Automóvel lizoqhubeka ku-inthanethi, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, ngesikhathi sokugqashuka kwe-COVID-19. Landela izincomo zoMqondisi Jikelele Wezempilo, gwema ukuhamba okungenasidingo. Ngokubambisana sizokwazi ukunqoba lesi sigaba esinzima.