Izinjini eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ikhwalithi engcono yamafutha

Uyawukhumbula uphethiloli onomthofu?

Ngempilo yethu futhi nangenxa yama-catalytic converters, abe yimpoqo kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha kusukela ngo-1993, ukusetshenziswa nokudayiswa kwalophethiloli kwakunqatshelwe.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele izimoto eziyisebenzisayo ukuthi zingabe zisasebenza, njengoba lesi sengezo sathathelwa indawo ukufakwa kwezinye izithasiselo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ofanayo.

Abakhiqizi bakaphethiloli 'baphoqwa' ukuthi bakhe olunye uhlobo lwezithako zokwenziwa, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwenombolo ye-octane ephezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umthofu. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalysts, ukugcina amandla okusebenzisa amazinga aphezulu okucindezela, okubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa. Lesi sibonelo esiphathekayo sibonisa indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha nezithasiselo - futhi olusaqhubeka nokudlala - ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokukhishwa kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.

Luís Serrano, umcwaningi kwa-ADAI, i-Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala ebalulekile yokukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kokungcola ukukhulisa inzuzo yenjini. Ukwazi ukuthi injini evuthayo inesilinganiso sokusebenza kahle esingaba ngu-25%, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ikhwalithi yephethiloli iphansi, injini enikeza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuphuma okukhulu kwamagesi okubangelwa ukushiswa kwe-carburetion. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uphethiloli omuhle uvumela ukusebenza kahle kangcono, njengoba ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kutholakala ngamanani amancane kaphethiloli, okukhuthaza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokukhishwa ngenxa yesigaba somlilo esisebenza kahle.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-chemical division ye-BASF (“I-Eco-Efficiency Study for Diesel Additives, November 2009) lukhombisa lokhu: izithasiselo ezikhona kumafutha ziyingxenye ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini, okungadingi inani elikhulu lezinto eziyizitha ukuthola imiphumela esimeme nehlala njalo ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa imoto.

I-Symbiosis phakathi kwabakhiqizi

Uma uqhathanisa ukusebenza kwedizili engezayo nengezona ezingeziwe, lo msebenzi weqembu lamaJalimane usho ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-diesel elula" ayikwazi ukusiza ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermodynamic, futhi ibe nomthelela omubi ekuphileni isikhathi eside kwezingxenye.

Izinjini zamanje zenziwe ngezinto ezinokubekezelela okuqinile kakhulu kokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uphethiloli uqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka okuhambisanayo futhi ukhuthaze ukupholisa okudingekayo kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lomjovo, futhi uqinisekise ukuvikelwa ngokumelene ne-oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthambisa izingxenye.

Luís Serrano, umcwaningi kwa-ADAI, i-Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Ngakho-ke, "ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini kanye nezinhlelo zokuthungela ezihambisanayo kuphoqelele ukuthuthukiswa kwamafutha anezici ezingcono, ezikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinhlelo nezinjini ezifanele", kuqhubeka lo mcwaningi.

Izinjini zamanje zokujova eziqondile, lapho uphethiloli umelana nokucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu namazinga okushisa, zidinga ama-injection namaphampu asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi zizwela kakhulu izici nezakhiwo zamafutha asetshenzisiwe.

Lokhu kufakazela isidingo se-symbiosis phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye nezinjini kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza uphethiloli eziya ziba nzima, kuqiniswe uphenyo lwezithasiselo ezikwazi ukusabela ezidingweni ezibekwe abakhiqizi bezinjini.

Ukuthola umbono obambekayo wokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha kanye nezithasiselo zawo kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ekuthembekeni kwezinjini (...) uma uphethiloli ovela eminyakeni eyi-15 noma engu-20 edlule wasetshenziswa injini yamanje, ngesikhathi esifushane ukusetshenziswa, leyo injini izoba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza.

Luís Serrano, umcwaningi kwa-ADAI, i-Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

Gxila ekusebenzeni kahle kwemvelo

Njengoba imigomo yokukhipha umoya iqina kakhulu ohlangothini lwabakhiqizi bezimoto - kusukela ngo-2021, izinhlobo ziphoqelekile ukwehlisa izinga elimaphakathi lokukhishwa kwe-CO2 yemikhumbi ukuya ku-95 g/km, ngaphansi kwesijeziso sezinhlawulo ezinzima -, Udoti kanye nezinhlayiyana. amasistimu okugcina kanye nokwelapha aya ngokuya eba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ayazwela.

Futhi kubiza kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwalobu buchwepheshe (okuyinto abakhiqizi bezimoto okufanele baqinisekise amakhilomitha afinyelela ku-160 000, ngokusho kwezincomo zaseYurophu) ukuthi amafutha abamba indima ebaluleke kakhulu futhi athuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi athuthukiswe umsebenzi wawo.

SILANDELE KU-YOUTUBE Bhalisela isiteshi sethu

Kulo msebenzi we-BASF, uphethiloli owengeziwe uzuza imiphumela engcono mayelana namandla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, namaqondana nekhabhoni.

Kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu kunalesi siphetho, ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwe-additive fuel kukhulu kanjani njengoba injini ithwala kakhulu. Okuqinisa ukubaluleka kukaphethiloli othembekile ezimotweni zentengiso noma amamodeli akwazi ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo okuphezulu.

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha kanye nezithasiselo kuyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokukhishwa kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Isibonelo, mayelana nodizili, ukuncishiswa kwesibabule kuyagqama, okuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwezinhlanganisela zesulfure, ezingcolisa kakhulu futhi ezitholwe ngokuphelele ngabakhiqizi bamafutha. Isibabule siyinto evamile ekubunjweni kwamafutha ayisisekelo (okungahluziwe) futhi kubonakala kaningi ku-diesel, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukususa lesi sici ekucwengeni. Ngale ndlela kwakungenzeka ukuqeda le nto, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhishwa okungcolile ezingeni le-sulfur compounds manje sekusele ngokuphelele. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni aluseyona inkinga.

Luís Serrano, umcwaningi kwa-ADAI, i-Association for the Development of Industrial Aerodynamics

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