Isigaba i-Autopédia da Razão Automóvel sikwethulela namuhla ngezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zokulengisa ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimoto zethu.
Kunomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula ukuwohloza nokulinganisela kwemoto, ukumiswa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni nasekunethezekeni kwemoto. Ezinye ziningiliziwe kunabanye; abanye bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokunethezeka; abanye ngokusebenza. Ngakho-ke ake sizame ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebahlukanisayo.
Ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zokumiswa:
1- I-Rigid Shaft noma I-Torsion Bar
Lolu hlelo luhlala lusetshenziswa ku-axle yangemuva. Ku-axle eqinile yokumiswa, amasondo angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla axhunywe nge-ekseli eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukunyakaza kolunye uhlangothi kuthinta olunye, okwenza kube lula ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nomgwaqo. Ama-ekseli nezisekelo zawo zinzima, okwandisa isisindo semoto esimisiwe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza futhi iqinile impela, ukumiswa kwe-ekseli okuqinile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukumiswa kwangemuva kwezimoto ezisezingeni lokungena.
2- Ukumiswa Okuzimele
Ukumiswa okuzimele kuvumela amasondo angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla ukuthi ahambe ngawodwana, okuyinto enhle ukubhekana namaqhubu nemigodi emigwaqweni kazwelonke. Uma kuyimoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva, iphinde isize ukudlulisa amandla ngendlela efanele emasondweni angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Uhlelo alusindi, luzinzile futhi luhlinzeka ngohambo olunethezekile. Kodwa-ke, kuwuhlelo olungasebenzisi amandla amathayi kanye nama- wishbones amabili.
3- Ukumiswa kweMacPherson
Uhlelo olulula lokumiswa luqukethe isiphethu, i-shock absorber kanye nengalo yokulawula ephansi. Ikholomu ibhekisela ku-shock absorber ngokwayo, ebuye isekele lolu hlobo lokumiswa. Ingxenye engenhla ye-shock absorber isekela umzimba ngokusekela irabha, futhi ingxenye engezansi isekelwa unxantathu. Ngenxa yokuthi inezingxenye ezimbalwa, isisindo siphansi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, sinokuhamba okuhle. Ukudlidliza kungamuncwa ngezinga elikhulu. Uhlelo lwaklanywa ngu-Earl S. MacPherson, yingakho igama lalo.
4- Unxantathu okabili
Idizayini esekela amasondo engalweni engaphezulu nephansi ndawonye. Izingalo zivame ukubunjwa njengo "V", njengonxantathu. Ngokuya ngokuma kwezingalo nokudonsa kwemoto, ungakwazi ukulawula izinguquko endleleni imoto eqondana ngayo nesimo lapho ishesha khona, kalula nje. Ibuye iqine kakhulu, ikwenze kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezimoto zezemidlalo ezifuna ukulawula nokuzinza. Nokho, inokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi isebenzisa izingxenye eziningi, ngaphezu kokuthatha indawo enkulu.
5 - Multilink
Kuwuhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-double wishbone, olusebenzisa phakathi kwezingalo ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ukuze lubambe indawo ye-eksisi, kunezingalo ezimbili. Lezi zihlukene futhi kunenkululeko enkulu mayelana nokubekwa. Inombolo eyengeziwe yezingalo ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe ukunyakaza ngezindlela eziningi futhi ugcine amasondo ehlangene nendawo yomgwaqo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-suspension luvame ukusetshenziswa ekumisweni okungemuva kwezimoto ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili ukuze zigcine uzinzo kanye nesivinini esikhulu, nasezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva ezinamandla amakhulu okugcina ukudonsa.