I-Toyota, eyayihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni nasekuguquleni izimoto ukuze ifinyelele esimweni esivumelana nemvelo nesimeme - kwakungo-1997 lapho iToyota Prius yaqala khona ukuthengisa, uhlobo lokuqala olukhiqizwa uchungechunge -, kufanele futhi "ihlanganise imikhono”.
Isiteji somhlaba wonke lapho uhlobo lwase-Japan olusebenza khona luyashintsha ngokushesha futhi izinselelo zemvelo esibhekene nazo kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo - ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Hybrid bubodwa abubonakali banele, naphezu komthelela wenombolo ephezulu yezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ezikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1997 - ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12, ezihambisana nokunciphisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-90 we-CO2 ekhishwe. Inombolo okulindeleke ukuthi ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo, ngokunwetshwa kobuchwepheshe kumamodeli amaningi - umgomo wokuthengisa izimoto ezifakwe ugesi eziyizigidi ezingu-1.5 ngonyaka ngo-2020 ufinyelelwe kakade ngo-2017, ngakho-ke ukufunwa akulindelekile ukuba kwehle.
Ngabe iToyota izosheshisa kanjani ukufakwa kukagesi kwezinhlobo zayo?
I-Toyota Hybrid System II (THS II)
I-THS II isaqhubeka nokuba wuchungechunge/isistimu ye-parallel hybrid, ngamanye amazwi, kokubili injini evuthayo nenjini kagesi kusetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imoto, nenjini eshisayo ikwazi ukusebenza njengejeneretha kagesi ukuze isebenze motor kagesi. Izinjini zingasebenza ngokwehlukana noma ndawonye, kuye ngezimo, njalo zibheke ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Uhlelo seluvele seludwetshiwe kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo (2020-2030) futhi inhloso icacile. Ngo-2030 u-Toyota uhlose ukudayisa izimoto ezifakelwe ugesi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5.5 ngonyaka, kuzo isigidi esisodwa kuzokuba izimoto zikagesi ezingu-100% - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisebenza ngamabhethri noma i-fuel cell.
Isu lisekelwe ekusheshisweni okusheshayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqalisweni kwezimoto eziningi eziyingxubevange (i-HEV, imoto esebenza ngogesi eyi-hybrid), izimoto ezihlanganisiwe eziyi-plug-in (i-PHEV, imoto esebenza ngogesi eyi-plug-in), izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zebhethri (BEV, imoto esebenza ngogesi yebhethri ) kanye nezimoto zikagesi zama-fuel cell (FCEV, i-fuel cell electric car).
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2025, wonke amamodeli ku-Toyota range (kuhlanganise ne-Lexus) azoba nokuhluka okufakwe ugesi noma imodeli enokunikezwa kukagesi kuphela, ukunciphisa amamodeli athuthukisiwe abe zero ngaphandle kokucabangela ukufakwa kukagesi.
Okugqamile ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zikagesi eziyi-10 100% eminyakeni ezayo, okuqale eShayina ngohlelo lukagesi lwe-C-HR edumile ngo-2020. Kamuva iToyota kagesi engu-100% izokwethulwa kancane kancane e-Japan, e-India, e-United States United of America. , futhi kunjalo, eYurophu.
Uma sibhekisela kugesi, ngokushesha sihlobanisa amabhethri, kodwa kwaToyota kusho futhi i-fuel cell . Ngo-2014 iToyota yethula iMirai, okuyisaluni yokuqala kaphethiloli ekhiqizwa ngochungechunge, futhi okwamanje idayiswa eJapan, e-USA naseYurophu. Njengoba singena eshumini leminyaka elizayo, uhla lwezimoto zikagesi zama-fuel cell luzonwetshwa hhayi ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli kuphela kodwa nasezimotweni ezithengiswayo.
Ukubheja okuhlanganisiwe okuqinisiwe
Ukubheja kuma-hybrids ukuqhubeka nokugcizelela. Kwakungu-1997 lapho sahlangana khona nehybrid yokuqala ekhiqizwa uchungechunge, iToyota Prius, kodwa namuhla i-hybrid range isukela kwencane kakhulu iYaris kuya kwenkulu iRAV4.
IToyota Hybrid System II, esivele ikhona kwiPrius neC-HR yakamuva, izonwetshwa ibe yizinhlobo ezintsha esezisondele emakethe, njengeCorolla ebuyile (nentsha). Kodwa i-122 hp 1.8 HEV eyaziwayo maduze izojoyinwa yi-hybrid enamandla kakhulu. Kuzomele iToyota Corolla entsha ukuthi iqale i-2.0 HEV entsha, enamandla angu-180 hp.
Lokhu okuhlukile okusha kwe-hybrid yakhela phezu kwamandla esistimu ye-hybrid yesizukulwane sesine, njengokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuqinisekisiwe, nokuphendula okuthuthukisiwe kanye nomugqa, kodwa iyengeza. amandla engeziwe, ukusheshisa kanye nesimo sengqondo esishukumisayo. Ngokusho kwabakwaToyota, lesi yisiphakamiso esiyingqayizivele, ayikho enye injini evamile ekwazi ukunikeza inhlanganisela efanayo yokusebenza nokukhipha umoya omncane.
Injini evuthayo engu-2.0 Dynamic Force, naphezu kokuzinikela okucace kakhudlwana ekusebenzeni, ayikhohlwanga ukusebenza kahle, enezinga eliphezulu lokuminyanisa elingu-14:1, futhi ifinyelela izinga elingu-40% lokusebenza kahle kokushisa, noma u-41% uma ihlanganiswe nesistimu ye-hybrid , ngenxa ukuncishiswa kokulahlekelwa kwamandla okuhambisana ne-exhaust kanye nesistimu yokupholisa. Le njini ihlangabezana nemithetho yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo yokukhipha umoya.
Lesi siphakamiso esisha sizokhonjiswa okokuqala yiToyota Corolla entsha, kodwa sizofinyelela izinhlobo eziningi, njenge-C-HR.
Njengoba singena eshumini leminyaka elizayo, ukwanda kobuchwepheshe be-hybrid kumamodeli engeziwe kuzoqhubeka, kokubili ngale 2.0 entsha, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum, sizobona ukwethulwa kwesistimu ye-hybrid elula, ukumboza zonke izinhlobo amakhasimende.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kuxhaswe ngabakwa-