Ƙunƙarar Ƙimar Ƙarfafa Ƙwararru (HCCI) . Gagararre wanda ke fitowa koyaushe a cikin Autopédia da Razão Automóvel a cikin ƴan watannin da suka gabata. Wasu misalai:
- Mazda tana aiki akan sabon injin da baya buƙatar tartsatsin wuta
- Ta yaya injin HCCI na Mazda ba tare da tartsatsin tartsatsi zai yi aiki ba?
- Mazda ta sake juyi. Gano sabbin injunan SKYACTIV-X
A cikin 2018 za mu canza acronym HCCI zuwa wani: Farashin SPCCI. Me yasa? Amsar za ta bayyana daga baya a cikin rubutu.
Bari mu sake duba labarin
Kamar yadda muka rubuta a baya, fasaha HCCI (kunna ta hanyar matsawa tare da cajin kama) yana ba da izini injin mai yana zagayawa konewa ba tare da tartsatsin wuta ba . Shahararren litany (wanda ya riga ya tsufa…): shigarwa, matsawa, fashewa da shayewa.
Kamar injin dizal, injinan mai tare da fasahar HCCI Matsalolin da ke cikin cakuduwar shine ta yadda konewa ke tashi ba tare da amfani da tartsatsin wuta ba.
Yawancin magina sun yi ƙoƙari su sa injunan gas ya yiwu tare da wannan fasaha, wanda ya haɗu da mafi kyawun Diesel (matsayi, ƙananan amsawa da tattalin arzikin man fetur) tare da mafi kyawun injunan gas na Otto (ikon, inganci da fitarwa), amma ba wanda ya yi. An samu saboda matsalolin da ke cikin wannan bayani - wanda zan yi bayani a gaba.
Babu kowa, sai dai wasu mutane masu taurin kai da suke aiki a can a gefen Hiroshima. Wadancan mazan da ke ci gaba da saka hannun jari a injunan Wankel, sun ki rage girman injinan kuma sun tabbatar da cewa kafin wutar lantarkin motar, har yanzu akwai sauran “ruwan 'ya'yan itace" da za a ciro daga tsohuwar injin konewa. Waɗannan mazan (kamar yadda kuka riga kuka yi tsammani…) injiniyoyin Mazda ne.
Sannu! zuwa SPCCI (Spark Control Compression Ignition)
Kamar yadda labarai ke fitowa, muna samun ƙarin sani game da wannan sabuwar fasaha da za ta kasance a cikin ƙarni na biyu na injunan Mazda SKYACTIV - farawa a cikin 2019.
Wannan ƙarni na biyu na injin Mazda za a kira shi SKYACTIV-X kuma yayi alƙawarin bayar da mafi kyawun Diesel da mafi kyawun injunan mai a cikin injin guda ɗaya:
Kamar yadda aka saba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, injiniyoyin tambarin Hiroshima sun kasance sun gamsu da zaɓin su. Kuma daga wannan zuba jari, an haifi fasaha Farashin SPCCI (Spark Controled Compression Ignition), wanda a cikin harshen Fotigal yana nufin wani abu kamar «tsarin kunna wutar lantarki mai sarrafa walƙiya».
Amma ba a kira shi HCCI ba?
Eh, an kira shi HCCI, amma wannan fasaha ba ta yi amfani da manufar Mazda ba. Fasahar HCCI tana da babbar matsala: yana aiki ne kawai a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi na amfani (ƙananan revs, ƙananan yanayin zafi da matsananciyar yanayi). In ba haka ba, wani abin al'ajabi da aka sani da "pre-detonation" yana faruwa, wanda ke rage tasirin konewa sosai kuma yana lalata amincin injin.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa alamar ta haɓaka fasahar SPCCI, wacce ta bambanta kanta da HCCI ta yadda ta iya shawo kan iyakokinta. lokacin da ake amfani da tartsatsin wuta da sauran tsarin (wanda za mu yi magana game da su daga baya…) don sarrafa lokacin kunnawa, kodayake ka'idar aiki iri ɗaya ce.
Don haka sabanin yadda aka ruwaito cikin ‘yan watannin da suka gabata, da mu. Injunan SKYACTIV-X za su kasance da matosai. An kwatanta aikin fasahar SPCCI da kyau a wannan bidiyon:
Kamar yadda kake gani, tsarin aiki yana da sauƙi. Duk da haka, kisa ya fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda ya bayyana.
A takaice, fasahar SPCCI tana aiki kamar haka: Ana allurar da iskar gas/gasoline na farko a lokacin shiga, domin a fuskanci mafi girma matsawa fiye da na al'ada injuna ba tare da pre-cirewa (lokacin da cakuda fashe a gaban manufa batu).
A cikin dakika na biyu, ana allurar man fetur na biyu tare da gauraya mafi kyau kusa da walƙiya, kuma ECU tana ba da walƙiyar walƙiya. ta hanyar sigogi da aka tabbatar a daidai lokacin (zazzabi, matsa lamba, cakuda iska / man fetur, da sauransu). A wannan lokacin, cakuda iska / man yana fuskantar matsanancin matsin lamba wanda ke kunna cakuda, ba kawai kusa da filogi ba, amma nan take a ko'ina cikin ɗakin konewa.
Anan ne bambanci ya ta'allaka ne. Wannan juzu'i na abubuwan da suka faru suna haifar da ƙarin kamanni, sauri da ingantaccen konewar gabaɗayan cakuda. A wasu kalmomi, ana samun saurin konewa, inda ake yin ƙarin aiki tare da ƙarancin man fetur, kuma tare da ƙarancin samuwar iskar gas mai cutarwa kamar NOx (nitrogen oxides).
A cikin injin mai wanda kawai ya dogara da toshewar tartsatsin, fashewar yana raguwa a hankali, yana faruwa kusa da filogi, tare da yaɗa harshen wuta ta sauran ɗakin konewa.
Yana da alama mai sauƙi, amma duk wannan tsari ya samo asali ne daga wani bincike mai zurfi game da halayen iskar gas a cikin ɗakin konewa da haɓaka na'urorin lantarki masu mahimmanci. Gudanar da abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin konewa yana da girma sosai cewa Mazda yana iya bambanta ma'aunin matsi na injin dangane da lokacin kunna walƙiya. Kamar? Ƙirƙirar raƙuman matsa lamba a kishiyar shugabanci zuwa fistan ta lokacin kunna wuta.
An gyara matsalar tare da sarrafa kunna wuta...
…Mazda na buƙatar nemo mafita don kiyaye cakudawar iska/man fetur a cikin injina akai-akai kuma ya wadatar, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin yanayin waje ba. Wannan ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo da fasahar SPCCI, ba kamar abin da ke faruwa da fasahar HCCI ba, za ta iya aiki a duk tsarin jujjuyawa kuma a cikin mahalli daban-daban.
Don magance wannan matsala, Mazda zai ba da injunan SKYACTIV-X tare da na'ura mai mahimmanci na "tushen" (Tushen-type) wanda zai ci gaba da matsa lamba. Hakanan, sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin konewa za a gudanar da shi ta hanyar bawul ɗin EGR mai sarrafa ta lantarki. Ta wannan hanyar, Mazda yana iya sarrafa duk ma'aunin da ke kawo cikas ga lokacin kunna wutan injin ta hanyar na'ura mai sarrafawa da ke sarrafa waɗannan da sauran sassan injin (sensors, injectors, da sauransu).
Ƙarshen sarrafa wuta?
Tare da wannan tushen fasaha, Mazda yana iya sarrafawa ta yaya, lokacin da kuma a cikin wane yanayi shine konewa (makamashi na thermal) ya zama motsi (kinetic energy). Ba tare da wata shakka ba wani babban abin fasaha ne na fasaha, a sama da juyi 6000 a minti daya! Kuma a nan, ina jin kamar ina cikin 3000 BC, har yanzu ina fuskantar matsalar kunna murhu...
Muna sa ido don gwada samfuran farko tare da injunan SKYACTIV-X. Dan takarar farkon wannan injin tare da fasahar SPCCI shine Zaman gaba Mazda3 , wanda zai shiga kasuwa a shekarar 2019.
