"Imfazwe yokuzimela" kwiimoto zombane iyaqhubeka… igcwele umphunga. Kutshanje siye saxela ukuba iNorth American Lucid Air okwangoku iyona moto yombane ehamba phambili, kunye ne-837 km eqinisekisiwe yi-EPA (i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US), ibetha imbangi yeTesla Model S malunga ne-200 km.
I-Mercedes-Benz EQS ibhengezwe ngoluhlu oluphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-770 km, kodwa uphawu lwaseJamani aluyi kumisa apho kwaye luphuhlisa iprototype yombane ekwaziyo uluhlu lwangempela olungaphezu kwe-1000 km.
Kwaye sibonile kwiiplani zeempawu ezininzi kunye namaqela eemoto, ebhengeza amaxabiso ahlukeneyo kwiimodeli zabo zombane ezizayo phakathi kwe-600 km kunye ne-800 km.
Akukhona kuphela kumacandelo aphezulu ukuba le "mfazwe yokuzimela" yenzeke. Kwakhona kumacandelo asezantsi kunye athandwayo siye sabona ukwanda kokuzimela okubhengezwayo, okuyingxabano ebalulekileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuqinisekisa, okanye hayi, impumelelo yomzekelo.
Kwaye kulula ukuqonda ukuba kutheni.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela iziseko zokutshaja ezisilelayo ukungonelanga, njengoko amaxesha okutshaja esemade, ngaphandle kwenguquko kule minyaka yakutsha nje kwezi ndawo. Akumangalisi ukuba ukuzimela kwetram kuxabiswa kakhulu kwaye into ethi "ixhala lokuzimela" isaxhaphake kakhulu.
Ingxaki iyaqhubeka nendlela yokufezekisa oku kuzimela okukhulu, okukhethwa kukho okungagqibekanga, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubeka ibhetri enkulu, ngoko ke, ngeendleko eziphezulu.
Ukuba kwiimodeli ezikhankanywe ngasentla iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezibandakanya ibhetri enkulu - bonke ubuncinane be-100 kWh - ayisiyongxaki enzima kakhulu ngokunikezelwa kwabo, ixabiso lebhetri enkulu ukuphumeza ukuzimela okukhulu kumacandelo aphantsi ingxaki enzima ukoyisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ixabiso elikhuphisanayo.
Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zokufumana ibhalansi phakathi kobungakanani bebhetri (ukufezekisa ukuzimela), ixabiso kunye nokulindela kwabathengi (kunye noloyiko).
Ingaba oku kuguqulelwa njani kwiikhilomitha?
Ngoko umbuzo uvela: zingaphi iikhilomitha zokuzimela esizifuna ngokwenene kwiimoto zombane ukuze sibe "noxolo lwengqondo"? Akukho zimpendulo ziqinisekileyo okwangoku, kodwa ezinye iibrendi sele zinexabiso elithile engqondweni.
Ngokomzekelo, i-BMW yaqala ngokuthi, ngelizwi lenkokeli yophuhliso lwe-BMW i4, uDavid Ferrufino, kwiingxelo kwi-Australia yeyiphi imoto, ukuba eli xabiso liya kuxhomekeka kwicandelo apho isithuthi sifakwe khona: " Umzekelo, asicingi ukuba umgama oyi-600 km uyifanele i-BMW i3 njengemoto yasezidolophini, kodwa xa sibhekisa kwi-BMW iX okanye i-i4, i-600 km sisisombululo esimkholisayo umthengi.”
Nangona i-BMW Group sele ibhengeze ukuba ayisayi kuyeka ukukhangela iindlela zokwandisa ukuzimela kweemoto zayo zombane ezisebenza ngebhetri, i-600 km ibonakala iyinto ekwazi ukuthothisa nayiphi na inkxalabo.
I-Groupe Renault, ngexesha lenkomfa ye-eWays (kwizicwangciso zokufakelwa kombane zeqela laseFransi) nge-30 kaJuni ophelileyo, impendulo yayikwicala elinye ne-BMW. UPhilippe Brunet, umlawuli weqela likaloliwe wokutsha kunye namandla ombane kwi-Group Renault, uthe eli nani liya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesithuthi.
Iimodeli ezifana neZoe okanye ikamva le-5 yombane, i-B-segment, i-400 km yanele, ngokutsho kophando lwangaphakathi lweqela, ayifuni ngaphezu kweebhetri phakathi kwe-40 kWh kunye ne-50 kWh yamandla okufezekisa oku.
Kodwa ukunyuka kwecandelo, intsapho encinci, apho i-Mégane E-Tech Electric entsha ikhona, i-500 km yokuzimela lixabiso eliphezulu lokuba umthengi azive "ekhuselekile", efuna iibhetri phakathi kwe-60 kWh kunye ne-80 kWh.
Into ebonakala iqinisekile, nangenxa yobungqina obunikwe ngabadlali abahlukeneyo kwishishini, kukuba i-700, 800 okanye i-1000 km enqwenelekayo yokuzimela ayibonakali iyimfuneko ngokwenene ukuphelisa "ixhala lokuzimela", nokuba nangaphakathi. iimoto ezineenjini zokutsha, yimigama efikelelwa yimizekelo embalwa.
Kodwa ngokungafaniyo neemoto zombane, iimoto ezivuthayo ezineenjini zokutsha ziyaqhubeka zikhawuleza kakhulu, zithatha ixhala lokuphuma kwi-equation. Kuthekani ukuba kwenzeke okufanayo kwiitram?
Esikhundleni samaxesha okuqhuba amade, sinamaxesha akhawulezayo okutshaja
UPhilippe Brunet, ovela kwaRenault, wabeka phambili le ngcamango kwaye wathi kuya kuba ngumthengi ukugqiba oko kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu: ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo kwesithuthi, isantya sokutshaja.
Ngamanye amazwi, kunokuba njalo, kwixesha elizayo, ukuba asifuni iibhetri ezinkulu kunye nokuzimela okwandisiweyo (ubunzima obuninzi kunye neendleko), kodwa sifikelele ekutshajweni ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuze le meko ibe yenzeke, uBrunet uthi kuyimfuneko ukuba kubekho ukwanda okukhulu kweetshaja ezikhawulezayo (ezangoku ngqo) kunye nokuba neebhetri ezilungiselelwe ukuxhasa olu hlobo lwentlawulo rhoqo, ngaphandle kokubangela ukuthotywa kwazo kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Ukonga ixesha lokutshaja, ukonyuswa kukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezinomthamo omncinci, kunokwenza ukusetyenziswa kwesithuthi sombane kube lula njengemoto exhotywe ngenjini yokutsha. Esi sisombululo, nangona kunjalo, sikwabandakanya iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwisithuthi, njengoko iBrunet iqukumbele, kodwa ngaba inokuhlawula ibhetri enkulu?