Ugqatso lokufakelwa kombane kwiimoto luba zonke izihloko. Kodwa emva kwemiboniso sibona ukuvela kwendlela entsha kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Ndikholelwe, de sifike kwindawo apho imoto yombane iyinto eqhelekileyo, siya kuqhubeka sithembele kwi-injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo - siya kuba apha ukuze sibone. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, i-injini yokutsha iyaqhubeka nokufuna ingqalelo yethu.
Kwaye emva kweminyaka kunye neminyaka yee-injini ezihlala zincinci - okubizwa ngokuba kukuthoba - sinokubona into eguqukayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunyuka, oko kukuthi, ukwanda kwamandla eenjini.
Ngaba iinjini ziyakhula? Ngoba?
Enkosi kwimijikelo emitsha yovavanyo WLTP kwaye RDE eyaqala ukusebenza ngoSeptemba kwaye zonke iimoto ezintsha ziya kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni ngoSeptemba 2018. Okwangoku, zisebenza kuphela kwiimodeli eziqaliswe ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, 2017.I-WLTP (iNkqubo yoVavanyo lweZithuthi eziKhanya eziLungeleleneyo kwiHlabathi liphela) ithathe indawo ngokuthe ngqo i-NEDC (i-New European Driving Cycle), ehleli ingatshintshi ukususela ngo-1997. ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhutshwa okusemthethweni kuya kunyuka.
Kodwa impembelelo ephazamisayo ye-WLTP ayithelekiseki naleyo ye-RDE (Izinto ezikhutshwayo zokuqhuba ngokwenene). Oku kungenxa yokuba uvavanyo lwenziwa kwisitrato kwaye kungekhona kwibhubhoratri, phantsi kweemeko zangempela. Ngamanye amazwi, imoto iya kufuneka ikwazi ukubonisa amaxabiso afunyenwe elabhoratri endleleni.
Kwaye kulapho iingxaki zeenjini ezincinci ziqala khona. Amanani acacile: njengoko ii-injini ziphulukene nomthamo, ukungafani kuye kwanda phakathi kwamanani asemthethweni kunye nawona manani. Ukuba ngo-2002 i-avareji yokungafani yayiyi-5% kuphela, ngo-2015 idlule i-40%.
Beka enye yezi njini zincinci ukuba zivavanywe ngokwemigaqo ebekwe yi-WLTP kunye ne-RDE kwaye mhlawumbi ayinakufumana isatifikethi sokurhweba.
Akukho nto itshintshileyo yokufuduka
Ibinzana eliqhelekileyo laseMelika lithetha into efana nokuthi "akukho nto ithatha indawo yomthamo we-injini". Umxholo wale ntetho unento encinci okanye ayinanto yakwenza nokufuna ukusebenza kakuhle okanye ukuphumelela uvavanyo, kodwa kunokuphumeza umsebenzi. Kodwa, okuxakayo, mhlawumbi yeyona iwufaneleyo ngakumbi umxholo wekamva.
UPeter Guest, umphathi wenkqubo yeBentley Bentayga, uyaqaphela ukuba kunokubakho ukuguqulwa kwendlela yakutshanje, apho siya kubona iinjini ezinomthamo omkhulu kunye ne-revs encinci. Kwaye khumbula umzekelo ovela endlwini:
yeyona nto ilula ukuphumelela ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye novavanyo lokusetyenziswa. Kuba yinjini yomthamo ophezulu ongajikiyo kakhulu.
Masikhumbule ukuba iMulsanne isebenzisa “onaphakade” 6.75 litre V8. Ine-turbos ezimbini, kodwa ekugqibeleni amandla athile angama-76 hp / l kuphela - oku kuthetha ukuba i-513 hp kwi-placid 4000 rpm. Ngaphandle kokwazi iinguqulelo ezininzi zetekhnoloji, ngokusisiseko ibhloko efanayo eyaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50.
NA vs Turbo
Enye imeko ebonisa ukuba indlela inokulala ekongezeni i-cubic centimeters kwaye mhlawumbi ukulahla i-turbos ivela kwi-Mazda. Uphawu lwaseJapan lwahlala "lunebhongo" kuphela - kudala sibhala oko apha iinyanga - ngokuphuma ekunciphiseni sithande isizukulwana esitsha seenjini ezinqwenelekayo ngokwendalo (NA), ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo kwaye ngaphezulu komndilili wokufuduswa - ukubekwa kwamalungelo. , njengoko kubhekiselwa kulo luphawu.
Isiphumo kukuba kubonakala ngathi iMazda ikwimeko engcono yokujongana novavanyo olutsha. Umahluko ofunyenwe kwiinjini zabo ngokubanzi uhlala usezantsi kunoko kufumaneka kwiinjini ezincinci ze-turbo. Njengoko ubona kwitheyibhile engezantsi:
| Imoto | Imoto | USetyenziso olusemthethweni olusemthethweni (NEDC) | Ukusetyenziswa okwenene* | Ukungangqinelani |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ford Focus | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 l/100 km | 6.68 l/100 km | 42.12% |
| Mazda 3 | 2.0 SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 l/100 km | 6.60 l/100 km | 29.4% |
*Idatha: Spritmonitor
Ngaphandle komthamo ophindwe kabini we-injini ye-2.0 SKYACTIV-G, ejongela phantsi ukusetyenziswa okusemthethweni kunye nokukhutshwa phantsi komjikelezo we-NEDC, ihambelana ne-Ford ye-1.0 ilitha ye-Ecoboost kwiimeko zangempela. Ngaba injini yakwaFord 1.0 Ecoboost iyachitha? Hayi, igcinwe kwaye ndiyayicela. Nangona kunjalo, kumjikelo weNEDC ilawula ukufumana inzuzo engekho "kwilizwe lokwenyani".
Ngokungena kwe-WLTP kunye ne-RDE, zombini iziphakamiso kufuneka zibone ukunyuka kwamaxabiso asemthethweni, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba isisombululo sezobuchwepheshe esikhethiweyo, kubonakala ngathi kusekho umsebenzi onzima wokunciphisa ukungafani kwangoku.
Ungalindeli ukuba abakhi baphume ngokukhawuleza kwiinjini zangoku. Lonke utyalo-mali olwenziweyo alunakulahlwa. Kodwa kufuneka sijonge utshintsho: ezinye iibhloko, ngakumbi ezincinci ze-900 kunye ne-1000 cm3 zingafumana enye i-100 ukuya kwi-200 cm3 kwaye i-turbos iya kubona uxinzelelo lwazo luncitshisiwe okanye lutshintshelwe ezincinci.
Ngaphandle kokufakelwa kombane okuxhaphakileyo, apho kufuneka sibone ukwanda okukhawulezayo kwe-48V mild-hybrids (semi-hybrids), injongo yesi sisombululo iya kuba kukuthobela imigangatho yokukhutshwa engqongqo efana ne-Euro6C kunye nokunceda ukufikelela kumndilili omiselweyo wokukhupha i-CO2 kubakhi. . Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kufuneka ziwe, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ukuziphatha kwe-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, ngokwayo, kuya kufuneka ibe ngqongqo ngakumbi ukuze iziphumo zovavanyo ezimbini, i-WLTP kunye ne-RDE, zigqitywe. Kuphilwa amaxesha anomdla.