“Impi yokuzimela” ezimotweni zikagesi iyaqhubeka… Sisanda kubika ukuthi iNorth American Lucid Air njengamanje iyimoto kagesi efinyelela kude kakhulu, enebanga elingu-837 km eliqinisekiswe yi-EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), ihlula imbangi yakhe iTesla Model S cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-200.
I-Mercedes-Benz EQS imenyezelwa ngebanga eliphakeme elingafika ku-770 km, kodwa uhlobo lwaseJalimane alugcini lapho futhi lwakha i-prototype kagesi ekwazi uhla lwangempela olungaphezu kuka-1000 km.
Futhi sibonile ezinhlelweni zemikhiqizo embalwa namaqembu ezimoto, ememezela amanani ebanga lamamodeli abo kagesi wesikhathi esizayo phakathi kuka-600 km no-800 km.
Akukhona kuphela ezingxenyeni eziphezulu ukuthi le "mpi yokuzimela" yenzeka. Futhi ezingxenyeni eziphansi nezithandwayo sibone ukwanda kokuzimela okumenyezelwe, okuyimpikiswano ebalulekile enamandla okuqinisekisa, noma cha, impumelelo yemodeli.
Futhi kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani.
Akukhona nje ukuthi ingqalasizinda eshajayo iyehluleka ukwanela, njengoba izikhathi zokushaja zisezinde, naphezu kokushintshashintsha eminyakeni yamuva kulezi zindawo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuzimela kwe-tram kwaziswa kakhulu futhi ukuthi isenzakalo "sokukhathazeka ngokuzimela" sisavame kakhulu.
Inkinga iyaqhubeka nendlela yokufeza lokhu kuzimela okukhulu, okukhethwa kukho okuzenzakalelayo, yiqiniso, ukufaka ibhethri elikhudlwana, ngakho-ke, ngezindleko eziphakeme.
Uma kumamodeli ashiwo ngenhla izindleko ezengeziwe ezibandakanya ibhethri elikhudlwana - wonke okungenani ano-100 kWh - akuyona inkinga ebucayi ngokwedlulele uma kubhekwa ukuma kwawo, izindleko zebhethri elikhudlwana ukuzuza ukuzimela okukhulu kumasegimenti aphansi ziyaqhubeka inkinga enzima ukuyinqoba ukuze uqinisekise intengo yokuncintisana.
Kukumikhiqizo ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kosayizi webhethri (ukuzuza ukuzimela), intengo nokulindelwe yikhasimende (nokwesaba).
Lokhu kuhumusheka kanjani kumakhilomitha?
Ngakho-ke umbuzo uphakama: mangaki amakhilomitha okuzimela esiwadinga ngempela ezimotweni zikagesi ukuze sibe "nokuthula kwengqondo"? Azikho izimpendulo eziqondile okwamanje, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo sezivele zinamanani athile engqondweni.
I-BMW, isibonelo, iqale ngokuthi, ngezwi lomholi wokuthuthukiswa kwe-BMW i4, uDavid Ferrufino, ezitatimendeni eziya ku-Australian Imoto Iyiphi, ukuthi leli xabiso lizoncika engxenyeni lapho imoto ifakwe khona: " Ukwenza isibonelo nje, asicabangi ukuthi ibanga elingu-600 km lilungele iBMW i3 njengemoto yasemadolobheni, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngeBMW iX noma i-i4, u-600 km uyisixazululo esijabulisa amakhasimende.”
Yize abakwaBMW Group sebekushilo ukuthi ngeke bayeke ukufuna izindlela zokwandisa ukuzimela kwezimoto zabo ezisebenza ngamabhethri kagesi, u-600 km ubukeka unamandla okuqeda noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka.
I-Groupe Renault, phakathi nengqungquthela ye-eWays (ngezinhlelo zokufaka ugesi zeqembu laseFrance) ngo-June 30 odlule, impendulo yayibheke ohlangothini olufanayo nolwe-BMW. UPhilippe Brunet, umqondisi weqembu lezitimela ezivuthayo namandla kagesi eGroupe Renault, uthe lesi sibalo sizoncika engxenyeni yezimoto.
Amamodeli afana ne-Zoe noma ikusasa likagesi elingu-5, elingaphansi kwe-B-segment, i-400 km yanele, ngokusho kocwaningo lwangaphakathi lweqembu, aludingi ngaphezu kwamabhethri phakathi kuka-40 kWh no-50 kWh womthamo wokufeza lokhu.
Kodwa ukukhuphuka ingxenye, umndeni omncane, lapho i-Mégane E-Tech Electric entsha ikhona, i-500 km yokuzimela iyinani elithuthukisiwe ukuze ikhasimende lizizwe "liphephile", lidinga amabhethri aphakathi kuka-60 kWh no-80 kWh.
Okubonakala kuqinisekile, ngisho nangenxa yobufakazi obunikezwa abalingisi abahlukahlukene embonini, ukuthi i-700, 800 noma ngisho ne-1000 km yokuzimela efiselekayo ibonakala ingekho ngempela isidingo sokuqeda "ukukhathazeka kokuzimela", ngisho ngoba ngisho izimoto ezinezinjini ezivuthayo, zingamabanga amamodeli ambalwa afika kuwo.
Kodwa ngokungafani nezimoto zikagesi, izimoto eziphehla uphethiloli ezinezinjini ezivuthayo ziyaqhubeka nokushesha kakhulu, zikhipha ukukhathazeka kobubanzi ngaphandle kwe-equation. Kuthiwani uma kwenzeka okufanayo kumathilamu?
Esikhundleni sezikhathi zokusebenza ezinde, sinezikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo
UPhilippe Brunet, wakwaRenault, wabeka phambili lo mbono futhi wathi kuyoba umthengi ukunquma ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu: ukuzimela okuphelele kwemoto, isivinini sokushaja.
Ngamanye amazwi, kungase kube njalo, esikhathini esizayo, ukuthi asidingi amabhethri amakhulu nokuzimela okunwetshiwe (isisindo esiningi nezindleko), kodwa sifinyelele ukushaja okusheshayo.
Ukuze lesi simo senzeke, uBrunet uthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokunwetshwa okukhulu kwamashaja asheshayo (amandla aqondile) kanye nokuba namabhethri ashintshwe ukuze asekele lolu hlobo lokushaja njalo, ngaphandle komphumela wokonakala kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukonga isikhathi sokushaja, okuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri angamandla amancane, kungenza ukusetshenziswa kwemoto kagesi kube lula njengemoto efakwe injini evuthayo. Lesi sixazululo, nokho, sihlanganisa nezindleko ezengeziwe emotweni, njengoba uBrunet ephetha, kodwa ingabe ingakhokhela ibhethri elikhudlwana?