Umjaho wokufakelwa ugesi wezimoto untshontsha zonke iziqu. Kodwa ngemuva kwezigcawu sibona ukuvela komkhuba omusha ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ngikholwe, kuze kube yilapho sifika endaweni lapho imoto kagesi iyinto evamile, sizoqhubeka sithembele enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo - sizobe silapha ukuze sibone. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, injini yomlilo iyaqhubeka nokufanele ukunakwa kwethu.
Futhi ngemva kweminyaka neminyaka yezinjini ezihlala zincane - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwehlisa - singase sibone into ehlehlayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhushulwa, okusho ukuthi, ukwanda komthamo wezinjini.
Ingabe izinjini zingakhula? Kungani?
Sibonga imijikelezo yokuhlola emisha I-WLTP futhi I-RDE eqale ukusebenza ngoSepthemba futhi lapho zonke izimoto ezintsha kuzodingeka zigunyazwe ngokuyigunya ngoSepthemba 2018. Okwamanje, zisebenza kuphela kumamodeli aqaliswe kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Septhemba 2017.I-WLTP (Inqubo Yokuhlola Izimoto Ezilula Ezihambisanayo Emhlabeni Wonke) ithathele indawo ngokuqondile i-NEDC (Umjikelezo Omusha WaseYurophu Wokushayela), ohlale ungashintshile kusukela ngo-1997. ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa okusemthethweni kuzokwanda.
Kodwa umthelela ophazamisayo we-WLTP awuqhathanisi nalowo we-RDE (Real Driving Emissions). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa emgwaqweni hhayi elabhorethri, ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela. Ngamanye amazwi, imoto kuzodingeka ikwazi ukukhombisa amanani atholwe elabhorethri emgwaqeni.
Futhi yilapho izinkinga zezinjini ezincane ziqala khona. Izinombolo zicacile: njengoba izinjini zilahlekelwe amandla, ukungezwani kuye kwanda phakathi kwezinombolo ezisemthethweni nezingokoqobo. Uma ngo-2002 umehluko ojwayelekile wawungu-5% kuphela, ngo-2015 wawudlula u-40%.
Beka eyodwa yalezi zinjini ezincane ukuthi ihlolwe ngokwemibandela ebekwe yi-WLTP kanye ne-RDE futhi cishe ngeke isithole isitifiketi ukuze idayiswe.
Asikho isidingo sokushintshwa
Isisho esijwayelekile saseMelika sisho into efana nokuthi "ayikho enye indawo yomthamo wenjini". Umongo wale nkulumo awuhlangene kancane noma awuhlangene nokufuna ukusebenza kahle okukhulu noma ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa, kodwa kunalokho ukuzuza ukusebenza. Kodwa, okuxakayo, mhlawumbe yiyona efanela kangcono umongo wesikhathi esizayo.
U-Peter Guest, umphathi wohlelo lwe-Bentley Bentayga, uyaqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nokuhlehliswa kwethrendi yeminyaka yakamuva, lapho sizobona khona izinjini ezinamandla amakhulu kanye nama-revs amancane. Futhi khumbula isibonelo esivela endlini:
kulula kakhulu ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa okusha kwekhabhoni nokusetshenziswa. Ngoba iyinjini esezingeni eliphezulu engajikezi kakhulu.
Masikhumbule ukuthi iMulsanne isebenzisa “okuphakade” 6.75 litre V8. Inama-turbos amabili, kodwa ekugcineni amandla athile angama-76 hp/l kuphela - okusho ukuthi i-513 hp ku-placid engu-4000 rpm. Naphezu kokwazi ukuvela kwezobuchwepheshe okuningana, empeleni iyibhulokhi efanayo eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50s.
NA vs Turbo
Elinye icala elibonisa ukuthi indlela ingase ilele ekwengezeni ama-cubic centimeters futhi mhlawumbe ukushiya i-turbos ivela ku-Mazda. Uhlobo lwaseJapan lwahlala “ngokuziqhenya” kuphela - sekuphele izinyanga sibhala lokho lapha - ngokuhoxa ekwehliseni phansi ukuze sivune isizukulwane esisha sezinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo (NA), ezinezinga eliphezulu lokucindezelwa kanye nokugudluzwa okungaphezu kwesilinganiso - ukugunyazwa , njengoba kubhekiselwa kulo uhlobo.
Umphumela uba ukuthi iMazda ibonakala isesimweni esingcono sokubhekana nalezi zivivinyo ezintsha. Umehluko otholakala ezinjinini zabo uhlezi uphansi kunalowo otholakala ezinjinini ezincane ze-turbo. Njengoba ubona kuthebula elingezansi:
| Imoto | Imoto | Ukusetshenziswa Okumaphakathi Okusemthethweni (NEDC) | Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela* | Ukwehluka |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Ford Focus | 1.0 Ecoboost 125 hp | 4.7 l/100 km | 6.68 l/100 km | 42.12% |
| I-Mazda 3 | 2.0 I-SKYACTIV-G 120 hp | 5.1 l/100 km | 6.60 l/100 km | 29.4% |
*Idatha: I-Spritmonitor
Naphezu kokuphindwe kabili komthamo wenjini engu-2.0 SKYACTIV-G, ibukela phansi ukusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kanye nokukhipha umoya ngaphansi komjikelezo we-NEDC, ihambisana ne-Ford 1.0 litre Ecoboost ezimeni zangempela. Ingabe injini yakwaFord 1.0 Ecoboost iyasebenzisa imali? Cha, ayisekho futhi ngiyayicela. Kodwa-ke, emjikelezweni we-NEDC iyakwazi ukuthola inzuzo engekho "emhlabeni wangempela".
Ngokungena kwe-WLTP kanye ne-RDE, zombili iziphakamiso kufanele zibone ukwanda kwamanani asemthethweni, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isixazululo sezobuchwepheshe esikhethiwe, kubonakala sengathi kusemkhulu umsebenzi onzima wokunciphisa ukungezwani kwamanje.
Ungalindeli ukuthi abakhi bazophuma ngokushesha ezinjinini zamanje. Konke ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe ngeke kulahlwe. Kodwa kufanele sibheke izinguquko: amanye amabhlogo, ikakhulukazi amancane ka-900 kanye no-1000 cm3 angase azuze enye i-100 kuya ku-200 cm3 futhi ama-turbos azobona ukucindezela kwawo kuncishisiwe noma ngisho nokushintshaniswa kwamancane.
Naphezu kokufakwa kukagesi okudlangile, lapho kufanele sibone ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-48V mild-hybrids (semi-hybrids), inhloso yalesi sixazululo kuzoba ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha ugesi njenge-Euro6C nokusiza ukufinyelela amazinga okuphuma kwe-CO2 abekwe isilinganiso kubakhi. . Ukusetshenziswa nokukhishwa kwegesi kufanele kwehle, yebo, kodwa ukuziphatha kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ngokwayo, kuzofanele kuqine kakhulu ukuze kudlulwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa okubili, i-WLTP ne-RDE. Kuphilwa izikhathi ezithakazelisayo.