I-Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) . Isishunqulelo esisoloko sivela kwi-Autopédia da Razão Automóvel kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo. Eminye imizekelo:
- I-Mazda isebenza kwi-injini entsha engadingi zi-spark plugs
- Iza kusebenza njani injini ye-HCCI yakwaMazda ngaphandle kweeplagi zentlantsi?
- I-Mazda iguqula kwakhona. Fumana iinjini ezintsha zeSKYACTIV-X
Ngo-2018 siya kutshintsha i-acronym HCCI kwenye: SPCCI. Ngoba? Impendulo iya kuvela kamva kwisicatshulwa.
Makhe sihlolisise inqaku
Njengoko sibhale ngaphambili, itekhnoloji HCCI (ukutshisa ngokunyanzeliswa ngentlawulo elinganayo) ivumela injini yepetroli ijikeleza ukutsha ngaphandle kweeplagi zentlantsi . I-Litany edumileyo (sele ikwinkulungwane endala…): ukungena, ukucinezelwa, ugqabhuko-dubulo kunye nokuphuma.
Kanye njengenjini yedizili, iinjini zepetroli ezinobuchwepheshe beHCCI uxinzelelo kumxube kukuba ukuvutha kubangelwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweeplagi ze-spark.
Abakhi abaninzi baye bazama ukwenza iinjini zepetroli zinokwenzeka ngale teknoloji, edibanisa eyona nto ingcono ye-Diesel (i-torque, impendulo ephantsi-rev kunye noqoqosho lwamafutha) kunye neyona nto ingcono ye-Otto cycle injini yepetroli (amandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhutshwa), kodwa akukho mntu uyenzayo. .iphunyezwe ngenxa yeengxaki ezikwesi sisombululo – endiza kuzichaza kamva.
Akukho mntu, ngaphandle kwamadoda aneenkani kakhulu asebenza apho kwicala laseHiroshima. Loo manene aqhubeka etyala imali kwii-injini ze-Wankel, ala ukuthoba ii-injini kwaye athi eqinisekile ukuba phambi kokufakwa kombane kwimoto, kusekho “ijusi” eninzi ekufuneka itsalwe kwi-injini endala yokutsha. La manene (njengoko sele uqikelele…) ziinjineli zeMazda.
Yithi Molo! ukuya kwi-SPCCI (I-Spark Controled Compression Ignition)
Njengoko iindaba ziphuma, sifumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nobu buchwepheshe butsha buza kubakho kwisizukulwana sesibini seenjini ze-Mazda SKYACTIV - ukuqala ngo-2019.
Esi sizukulwana sesibini seenjini ze-Mazda ziya kubizwa ngokuba yi-SKYACTIV-X kwaye ithembisa ukunika eyona njini ye-Dizeli egqwesileyo kunye neyona njini yepetroli igqwesileyo kwinjini enye nje:
Njengoko bekusisiqhelo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinjineli zohlobo lweHiroshima zihlala ziqinisekile ngokhetho lwabo. Kwaye kolu tyalo-mali, iteknoloji yazalwa SPCCI (I-Spark Controled Compression Ignition) ngesiPhuthukezi sithetha into efana ne "inkqubo yokunyanzeliswa kwentlantsi elawulwayo".
Kodwa yayingabizwanga ngokuba yiHCCI?
Ewe, yayibizwa ngokuba yiHCCI, kodwa le teknoloji ayizange isebenze iinjongo zeMazda. Itekhnoloji yeHCCI inengxaki enkulu: isebenza kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa (i-revs ephantsi, ukushisa okuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric rhoqo). Kungenjalo, kwenzeka into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“pre-detonation”, ethi icuthe kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha kwaye ibeke esichengeni ukuthembeka kwe-injini.Yiyo loo nto i-brand iphuhlise itekhnoloji ye-SPCCI, ezahlulayo kwi-HCCI kuba iyakwazi ukujikeleza imida yayo, xa usebenzisa ii-spark plugs kunye nakwezinye iinkqubo (esiza kuthetha ngazo kamva ...) ukulawula umzuzu wokutshisa, nangona umgaqo wokusebenza ufana.
Ngoko ke, ngokuchasene noko kuye kwaxelwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ngathi, Iinjini ze-SKYACTIV-X ziya kuba nee-spark plugs. Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-SPCCI kuboniswe kakuhle kule vidiyo:
Njengoko ubona, umgaqo wokusebenza ulula. Nangona kunjalo, ukubulawa kunzima ngakumbi kunokuba kubonakala.
Ngamafutshane, itekhnoloji ye-SPCCI isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umoya wokuqala ombi womoya/ipetroli utofwa xa wamkelwa, ukuze ube phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kuneenjini eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokutshisa kwangaphambili (xa umxube uqhuma phambi kwendawo efanelekileyo).
Ngomzuzwana wesibini, igagasi lesibini lepetroli elinomxube otyebileyo litofwa ecaleni kweplagi yentlantsi, kwaye i-ECU inika i-spark plug. ngeeparamitha eziqinisekisiweyo ngelo xesha (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, umoya / umxube wepetroli, njl.). Ngeli xesha, umxube womoya / wepetroli uphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kangangokuba umxube uvutha, kungekhona nje kufuphi ne-spark plug, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke igumbi lokutsha.
Nanku apho umahluko. Oku kulandelelana kweziganeko kubangela ukutsha okulinganayo, ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komxube wonke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukutsha okukhawulezayo kufezekiswa, apho umsebenzi omningi wenziwa nge-fuel encinci, kunye nokwakheka okuncinci kweegesi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-NOx (i-nitrogen oxides).
Kwi-injini yepetroli exhomekeke kuphela kwi-spark plug, ugqabhuko-dubulo lucotha, lwenzeka kufutshane ne-spark plug, kunye nedangatye elisasazeka kwigumbi eliseleyo lokutsha.
Kubonakala ngathi ilula, kodwa yonke le nkqubo ibangele uphando olunzulu lokuziphatha kweegesi kwigumbi lokutsha kunye nophuhliso lwe-electronics ephezulu kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kweziganeko ngexesha lokutsha kukhulu kangangokuba i-Mazda iyakwazi ukuguquguquka umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-injini ngokuxhomekeke kumzuzu wokuvutha kweplagi ye-spark. Uyathanda? Ukudala amaza oxinzelelo kwicala elichasene nepiston ngomzuzu wokuvutha kwentlantsi.
Ilungise ingxaki ngolawulo lomlilo...
… I-Mazda kwakufuneka ifumane isisombululo ukuze igcine umoya/umxube wamafutha enjini ungaguquguquki kwaye wanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lunjani na uxinzelelo lomoya ongaphandle. Le yindlela kuphela apho iteknoloji ye-SPCCI, ngokungafaniyo nento eyenzekayo nge-HCCI iteknoloji, inokusebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokujikeleza kunye nobuninzi beendawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuyicombulula le ngxaki, i-Mazda iya kuxhobisa iinjini ze-SKYACTIV-X nge-compressor "i-lean" (i-Roots-type) yevolumetric compressor eya kugcina uxinzelelo lwe-inlet rhoqo. Emva koko, ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa kwigumbi lokutsha kuya kwenziwa nge-valve ye-EGR elawulwa ngombane. Ngale ndlela, i-Mazda iyakwazi ukulawula zonke iiparameters eziphazamisana nexesha lokuvutha kwe-injini ngokusebenzisa iyunithi yokulawula elawula ezi kunye nezinye iiperipherals ze-injini (i-sensors, i-injector, njl.).
Olona lawulo lomlilo lokugqibela?
Ngalo mthombo wezobuchwepheshe, i-Mazda iyakwazi ukulawula njani, nini kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko kukuba ukutsha (amandla e-thermal) aguqulwa abe yintshukumo (amandla e-kinetic). Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ngumsebenzi omangalisayo wobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kwe-6000 revolutions ngomzuzu! Kwaye apha, ndiziva ngathi ndikwi-3000 BC, ndisenengxaki yokukhanyisa iziko...
Sijonge phambili ekuzameni iimodeli zokuqala ezineenjini zeSKYACTIV-X. Umgqatswa wokuqalwa kwale njini ngobuchwepheshe be-SPCCI yi isizukulwana esizayo Mazda3 , eya kubetha imarike kwi-2019.
