Mulkin injinan diesel ya kusa kawo karshe. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli suna ƙara matsananciyar wahala akan waɗannan jiragen sama masu ƙarfi. Kuma don bin ƙa'idodin muhalli waɗanda ƙungiyoyin Turai suka kafa, an tilasta wa samfuran yin amfani da fasahar da ke ƙara tsada a injinan dizal ɗin su.
Shawarar da ke da, ba shakka, tana da tasiri a kan farashin karshe na motoci don haka kuma a kasuwa. A cikin ƙananan sassa (A da B) mulkin ba shine injin Diesel ba, kuma man fetur ya sake mamayewa - sashin C kuma yana motsawa a wannan hanya. A cikin premium segments, inda farashin ne na m muhimmancin, da Diesel engine zauna «Sarki da Ubangiji».
Ko kun san cewa: fiye na Kashi 70% na samar da samfuran ƙima na Jamus an yi su ne da samfuran Diesel? Labari na gaskiya…
Don haka, muddin yaƙin bai ƙaura zuwa wani filin ba, a cikin yankin Diesel ne ake fuskantar manyan samfuran ƙima. Ko da yake, a bayan fage, an riga an fara aikin samar da wutar lantarki. Bari Volvo ya ce…
Our 'yan takara ga «superdiesel» ganima
A cikin wannan gasa na samun fifiko a injinan dizal, BMW da Audi sune fitattun shugabanni. Shin kun rasa sunan Mercedes-Benz a cikin wannan jumla ta ƙarshe? To… A halin yanzu Mercedes-Benz ba shi da injin dizal da zai iya yin jayayya da injunan guda biyu da za mu gabatar muku.Mata da maza, kai tsaye daga Ingolstadt zuwa duniya, a gefen dama na «zobe» muna da injin Audi 4.0 TDI 435hp. A gefen hagu na zoben, yana fitowa daga Munich da yin fare a kan gine-gine daban-daban, muna da injin quad-turbo (B57) mai nauyin 3.0 tare da silinda shida a layi da 400 hp daga BMW.
Hakanan za mu iya ƙara zuwa wannan "skirmish" da Porsche. Koyaya, injin Diesel wanda ke ba da iko da Panamera ya samo asali ne daga injin TDI na Audi SQ7 tare da mafi ƙarancin mafita - don haka an bar shi. Kuma yana magana akan «waje»… a wajen Jamus, babu wata alama da ke samar da injunan diesel sama da 400 hp. Don haka 'yan wasanmu na karshe na kofin "superdiesel" duk sun fito ne daga Ingolstadt da Munich.
Wanne ne zai yi nasara? Muna gabatar da injunan, muna ba da hukuncinmu, amma yanke shawara na ƙarshe shine naku! Akwai kuri'a da ke gudana a ƙarshen labarin.
Cikakken bayani na Audi's 4.0 V8 TDI
Ita ce injin dizal mafi ƙarfi a cikin kewayon Audi, kuma a halin yanzu ana samun shi a cikin sabon Audi SQ7, kuma ana sa ran za a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙarni na gaba na Audi A8 - wanda muka riga muka tura a nan. Hakanan shine injin dizal na farko na alamar don amfani da tsarin Valvelift, wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa injin lantarki don daidaita buɗaɗɗen bawuloli bisa ga buƙatun tuki - nau'in tsarin VTEC da ake amfani da injin dizal.
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Idan ya zo ga lambobi, a shirya don ƙimar ƙima. Matsakaicin iko shine 435 hp na iko, akwai tsakanin 3,750 da 5,000 rpm. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya fi ban sha'awa, yi imani da ni… akwai 900 Nm tsakanin 1,000 (!) da 3,250 rpm! Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, matsakaicin juzu'i yana samuwa daidai daga rashin aiki kuma babu turbo-lag. Da can, yi haka.
Lokacin da aka haɗa tare da gigantic SUV «SQ7» da ton biyu na nauyi, wannan 4.0 TDI yana iya cika 0-100km / h a cikin kawai 4.8 seconds. A wasu kalmomi, "lambobi" na hali na gasar wasan motsa jiki na gaske. Babban gudun yana iyakance ta hanyar lantarki zuwa 250km/h kuma tallan tallan (zagayowar NEDC) shine kawai lita 7.4/100km.
Menene sirrin wannan injin? Lambobi irin wannan ba sa fadowa daga sama. Asiri na wannan engine ne biyu m lissafi turbos da kuma na uku lantarki drive turbo (EPC) cewa aiki godiya ga wani 48V lantarki tsarin. Kamar yadda wannan turbo (EPC) ba ya dogara da iskar gas don aiki, zai iya ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki nan da nan.
Wannan tsarin 48V ana ɗaukarsa azaman babban yanayin gaba a cikin masana'antar kera motoci. Godiya ga wannan fasaha, a nan gaba duk tsarin lantarki wanda a yau ya dogara kai tsaye kan injin konewa (rage yawan ingancinsa) za a yi amfani da wannan tsarin na 48V (kwandishan iska, dakatarwar daidaitawa, tuƙi, birki, tsarin kewayawa, tuki mai sarrafa kansa, da sauransu). .
Cikakken bayani na 3.0 quad-turbo daga BMW
Duk da yake Audi fare a kan cubic iya aiki da kuma yawan cylinders, BMW fare a kan gargajiya dabara: 3.0 lita, shida cylinders da turbos à la carte!
Alamar Munich ta kasance alama ta farko da ta samar da injin samarwa da turbo guda uku kuma a yanzu ita ce ta farko da ta samar da injin dizal mai turbo hudu. Daya, biyu, uku, hudu turbo!
Dangane da ainihin lambobi, wannan injin a cikin BMW 750d yana haɓaka 400 hp na wutar lantarki da 760 Nm na matsakaicin ƙarfi. Ƙarfin mafi girma ya kai 4400 rpm, yayin da matsakaicin karfin juyi yana samuwa tsakanin 2000 da 3000 rpm. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan inji yana tasowa 450 Nm na karfin juyi a farkon 1,000 rpm. Lambobi masu ban mamaki, amma har yanzu nesa da 900 Nm na injin Audi.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, dangane da mafi girman ƙarfin waɗannan injunan guda biyu suna da kusanci sosai, amma yadda suke isar da wutar lantarki da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya bambanta. BMW ya cimma waɗannan lambobi tare da ƙasa da 1,000cc da silinda biyu ƙasa da Audi. Idan muka kimanta takamaiman ƙarfin kowace lita, injin BMW yana haskakawa.
Saitin turbo huɗu yana aiki da kyau sosai, tare da ƙananan turbos masu canzawa guda biyu da manyan turbo biyu. Godiya ga hadadden tsarin "butterflies" cewa tsarin lantarki na BMW - ta hanyar saurin mota, matsayi na pedal na hanzari, jujjuyawar injin da kayan aiki - tashoshi turbos wanda dole ne gas mai shayewa ya tafi.
Misali, lokacin tuki a cikin ƙananan gudu kuma a ƙananan revs, tsarin yana ba da fifiko ga ƙananan turbos don amsawa ya fi sauri. Kodayake a mafi yawan yanayi wannan 3.0 quad-turbo yana aiki tare da turbo uku a lokaci guda. Matsala da wannan tsarin? Yana da hadaddun kawai kwatankwacinsa da Bugatti Chiron.
Mu je ga lambobi? A cikin BMW 750d wannan injin yana iya kaiwa 0-100 km/h a cikin daƙiƙa 4.6 kacal kuma ya kai 250km/h (iyakan lantarki). Daga ra'ayi na amfani, BMW yana sanar da lita 5.7 kawai/100km (zagayen NEDC). Kuna son ƙarin bayanai masu ban sha'awa? Idan aka kwatanta da injin mai daidai da (750i), wannan 750d yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa 0.2 kawai daga 0-100 km/h.
Wanne ya fi kyau?
Idan aka yi la’akari da gardama, yana da wuya a danganta cikakkiyar nasara ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan injuna. Na farko, saboda har yanzu ba a iya kwatanta waɗannan injunan guda biyu akan nau'ikan makamantan su ba. Na biyu kuma saboda ya dogara da ma'aunin da aka ɗauka.
BMW yana samun takamaiman ƙarfin kowace lita sama da injin Audi - haka BMW zai yi nasara. Koyaya, injin Audi yana ba da juzu'i sau biyu (!) karfin juzu'i a daidai gwargwado, tare da fa'idodin tuƙi don jin daɗin tuƙi - haka Audi zai yi nasara.
Duban batun fasaha kawai, ma'auni ya sake karkata zuwa Audi. Yayin da BMW ya ƙara wani turbo zuwa sanannen injinsa mai nauyin lita 3.0, Audi ya ci gaba da ƙara wani tsari mai kama da 48V da turbo mai juyi tare da kunna wutar lantarki. Amma kamar yadda muka gani, a ƙarshe waɗannan injuna suna daidai.
Akwai yuwuwar cewa waɗannan injunan guda biyu sune "super diesel" na ƙarshe a tarihi. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, yanayin kasuwa a halin yanzu yana zuwa ga ƙarewar injunan diesel. Muna jin tausayi? Tabbas muna yi. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, injunan dizal sun samo asali sosai kuma sun daina zama dangin matalauta na injunan «Otto».
Wannan ya ce, "ball" yana gefen ku. Wanne daga cikin waɗannan samfuran ke samar da injin dizal mafi kyau a yau?