Sekuzophela ukubusa kwezinjini zikadizili. Imithetho eqinile yezemvelo ifaka ubunzima obukhulu kulawa ma-powertrain. Futhi ukuze bahambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo ezisungulwe izinhlangano zaseYurophu, izinhlobo ziphoqelekile ukuthi ziphendukele kubuchwepheshe obumba eqolo ezinjinini zabo zikadizili.
Isinqumo esibe nomthelela emananini wokugcina wezimoto ngakho-ke nasemakethe. Ezigabeni ezingezansi (A kanye no-B) umthetho awuseyona injini ye-Diesel, futhi uphethiloli uphinda ukhonya - ingxenye ye-C nayo ihamba ngaleyo ndlela. Ezingxenyeni ze-premium, lapho intengo ingabalulekile kangako, injini ye-Diesel ihlala "inkosi nenkosi".
Ubuwazi ukuthi: okuningi kwe U-70% wokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-premium yaseJalimane yenziwa amamodeli eDizili? Indaba yangempela…
Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma impi ingadluleli kwenye inkambu, kusizinda seDizili lapho amabhrendi aphambili abhekana nawo. Nakuba, ngemuva kwezigcawu, uhlelo lokufakwa kukagesi seluyaqhubeka. IVolvo ithi...
Amakhandidethi ethu endondo ye-"superdiesel".
Kulo mqhudelwano wokuba phezulu ezinjinini zikadizili, iBMW ne-Audi yibona abahamba phambili. Ingabe uphuthelwe igama le-Mercedes-Benz kulo musho wokugcina? Hhayi-ke… I-Mercedes-Benz okwamanje ayinayo injini kadizili ekwazi ukwenza izingxabano ngezinjini ezimbili esizokwethulela zona.Madoda namanenekazi, sisuka ngqo e-Ingolstadt siya emhlabeni, ngakwesokudla se-«ring» sinenjini yakwa-Audi engu-4.0 TDI 435hp. Ngakwesokunxele seringi, sivela eMunich futhi sibhejela isakhiwo esihluke ngokuphelele, sinenjini engu-3.0 quad-turbo (B57) enamasilinda ayisithupha kulayini kanye nama-hp angu-400 avela kwaBMW.
Singengeza futhi kulokhu "ukulwa" kwePorsche. Kodwa-ke, injini yeDizili enika iPanamera amandla iphuma enjini ye-Audi SQ7's TDI enezixazululo ezingavamile - ngakho ishiywe ngaphandle. Futhi ukukhuluma «ngaphandle»… ngaphandle kweJalimane, alukho uhlobo olukhiqiza izinjini zikadizili ezingaphezu kuka-400 hp. Ngakho abaphumelele indebe yethu “ye-superdiesel” bonke baphuma e-Ingolstadt naseMunich.
Iyiphi ezowina? Senza isethulo sezinjini, sinikeza isinqumo sethu, kodwa isinqumo sokugcina ngesakho! Kukhona ivoti elenzekayo ekupheleni kwesihloko.
Imininingwane ye-Audi's 4.0 V8 TDI
Yinjini esebenza ngodizili enamandla kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ze-Audi, kanti okwamanje isitholakala kuphela kwi-Audi SQ7 entsha, kanti kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo i-Audi A8 – esesivele siyishayela lapha. Futhi iyinjini yokuqala kadizili yomkhiqizo ukusebenzisa uhlelo lweValvelift, oluvumela abaphathi benjini kagesi ukuthi balungise ukuvulwa kwamavalvu ngokuya ngezidingo zokushayela - uhlobo lwesistimu ye-VTEC esetshenziswa enjinini kadizili.
AKUMELE UPHUTHELWE: Umlando weminyaka engu-90 weVolvo
Uma kuziwa ezinombolweni, zilungiselele amanani amakhulu. Amandla aphezulu angamandla angama-435 hp, atholakala phakathi kuka-3,750 no-5,000 rpm. I-torque ihlaba umxhwele nakakhulu, ngikholelwe… kukhona u-900 Nm otholakala phakathi kuka-1,000(!) no-3,250 rpm! Ukuyibeka kalula, i-torque ephezulu iyatholakala ukusuka lapho ungenzi lutho futhi ayikho i-turbo-lag. Ubekhona, wenze lokho.
Uma ihambisana ne-SUV «SQ7» enkulu kanye nesisindo esingamathani amabili, le 4.0 TDI ikwazi ukugijima ku-0-100km/h ngemizuzwana engu-4.8 kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi, "izinombolo" ezijwayelekile zobuqhawe bezimoto zezemidlalo ngempela. Ijubane layo eliphezulu ligcina ku-250km/h kanti ukusetshenziswa okukhangiswayo (NEDC cycle) kungu-7.4 litres/100km kuphela.
Iyini imfihlo yale njini? Izinombolo ezinjengalezi aziwi esibhakabhakeni. Imfihlo yale njini ama-turbos amabili ejiyometri aguquguqukayo kanye neyesithathu ye-electric drive turbo (EPC) esebenza ngenxa yesistimu kagesi engu-48V. Njengoba le turbo (EPC) ingancikile kumagesi aphumayo ukuze isebenze, ingakhuphula ngokushesha ukuphuma kwamandla.
Lolu hlelo lwe-48V luze luthathwe njengomkhuba omkhulu olandelayo embonini yezimoto. Ngenxa yalobu buchwepheshe, esikhathini esizayo zonke izinhlelo zikagesi namuhla ezincike ngokuqondile enjinini evuthayo (ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo) zizonikwa amandla yilolu hlelo lwe-48V (i-air conditioning, ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo, isiteringi, amabhuleki, uhlelo lokuzulazula, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo , njll) .
Imininingwane ye-3.0 quad-turbo evela kwaBMW
Ngenkathi i-Audi ibheja ngomthamo wama-cubic kanye nenani lamasilinda, i-BMW ibheje ngendlela yayo evamile: amalitha angu-3.0, amasilinda ayisithupha nama-turbos à la carte!
Umkhiqizo waseMunich besewuvele uwuphawu lokuqala ukuhlomisa injini yokukhiqiza ngama-turbo amathathu futhi manje usuphinde waba ngowokuqala ukuhlomisa injini yedizili ngama-turbo amane. One, ezimbili, ezintathu, ezine turbos!
Mayelana nezinombolo zangempela, le njini eku-BMW 750d ikhiqiza amandla angu-400 hp kanye ne-torque engu-760 Nm ephezulu. Amandla aphezulu afinyelelwa ku-4400 rpm, kuyilapho i-torque ephezulu itholakala phakathi kuka-2000 no-3000 rpm. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le njini ikhiqiza i-torque engu-450 Nm ngaphambi kuka-1 000 rpm. Izinombolo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa kusekude ne-900 Nm yenjini ye-Audi.
Njengoba ubona, ngokwamandla amakhulu lezi zinjini ezimbili zisondelene kakhulu, kodwa indlela eziletha ngayo amandla netorque ihluke ngokuphelele. I-BMW ifinyelela lezi zinombolo ngamasilinda amancane ngo-1,000cc namasilinda amabili ngaphansi kwe-Audi. Uma siwazisa amandla athile ilitha, injini ye-BMW ikhanya kakhulu.
Ukusethwa kwama-turbo amane kusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngama-turbos amabili ejiyomethri amancane nama-turbo amabili amakhulu. Kungenxa yohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi “lwezimvemvane” lapho i-BMW electronic system – ngokusebenzisa isivinini semoto, ukuma kwe-accelerator pedal, ukuzungezisa injini kanye ne-gearshift – ishayela ama-turbos lapho igesi yokukhipha umoya kufanele iye khona.
Isibonelo, uma ushayela ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nama-revs aphansi, isistimu inika kuqala ama-turbos amancane ukuze impendulo ibe ngokushesha kakhulu. Nakuba ezimeni eziningi le 3.0 quad-turbo isebenza nama-turbos amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Inkinga ngaleli sistimu? Inobunzima obuqhathaniswa neBugatti Chiron kuphela.
Ake siye izinombolo? Kwi-BMW 750d le njini ikwazi ukusuka ku-0-100 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-4.6 bese ifinyelela ku-250km/h (electronically limited). Uma ubheka ukusetshenziswa, iBMW imemezela amalitha angu-5.7 kuphela/100km (umjikelezo weNEDC). Ufuna idatha enentshisekelo enkulu? Uma uyiqhathanisa nenjini elinganayo kaphethroli (750i), le 750d ithatha imizuzwana engu-0.2 kuphela ukusuka ku-0-100 km/h.
Iyiphi ehamba phambili?
Uma kubhekwa izimpikiswano, kunzima ukusho ukunqoba okuphelele kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinjini. Okokuqala, ngoba akukakakwazi ukuqhathanisa lezi zinjini ezimbili kumamodeli alinganayo. Okwesibili ngoba kuncike kumbandela owamukelwe.
I-BMW ithola amandla athile ilitha ngalinye ngaphezu kwenjini ye-Audi – kungaleyo ndlela iBMW engawina ngayo. Kodwa-ke, injini ye-Audi iletha kabili (!) I-torque emibusweni efanayo, enezinzuzo ezicacile zokushayela ubumnandi - yile ndlela i-Audi engawina ngayo.
Uma sibheka udaba lwezobuchwepheshe kuphela, ibhalansi iphinde ibheke kwa-Audi. Ngenkathi abakwaBMW bengeze enye i-turbo enjinini yabo eyaziwayo engu-3.0 litre, i-Audi iqhubekile yengeza isistimu ye-48V ehambisanayo kanye ne-turbo eguquguqukayo esebenza ngogesi. Kodwa njengoba sesibonile, ekugcineni lezi zinjini ziyalingana.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lezi zinjini ezimbili ziyi-"superdiesel" yokugcina emlandweni. Njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, inkambiso yamanje yemakethe ibheke ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele kwezinjini zikadizili. Ingabe siyazisola? Yebo senza. Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, izinjini zikadizili ziye zashintsha kakhulu futhi azisezona izihlobo ezimpofu zezinjini ze-"Otto".
Sekushiwo, "ibhola" liseceleni kwakho. Iyiphi kulezi zinhlobo ekhiqiza injini kadizili ehamba phambili namuhla?