Ulawulo lweenjini zedizili sele luza kufikelela esiphelweni. Imithetho yokusingqongileyo engqongqo ngokunyukayo ibeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwezi zixhobo zombane. Kwaye ukuthobela imigangatho yokusingqongileyo esekwe ngamaqumrhu aseYurophu, iibrendi ziye zanyanzeleka ukuba zibhenele kubuchwepheshe obubiza kakhulu kwiinjini zabo zedizili.
Isigqibo esiye, ngokuqinisekileyo, sinempembelelo kwixabiso lokugqibela leemoto kwaye ngoko ke nakwimarike. Kumacandelo asezantsi (A kunye no-B) umthetho awuseyiyo injini ye-Diesel, kwaye i-petroli iphinda ilawule - icandelo le-C lihamba lihamba kwelo cala. Kumacandelo e-premium, apho ixabiso lingabalulekanga kakhulu, injini ye-Diesel ihlala "inkosi nenkosi".
Ubusazi ukuba: ngaphezulu kwe I-70% yemveliso ye-premium brand yaseJamani yenziwe ngeemodeli ze-Diesel? Ibali lokwenyani…
Ke, okoko nje idabi lingahambi kwelinye ibala, kukwisizinda seDiesel apho iibrendi eziphambili zeprimiyamu zijongene nazo. Nangona, emva kweziganeko, inkqubo yokufakelwa kombane sele iqhuba. Makhe iVolvo ithi...
Abaviwa bethu kwi "superdiesel" indebe
Kobu buntshatsheli bobungangamsha kwiinjini zedizili, iBMW kunye neAudi zezona nkokeli zibalaseleyo. Ngaba uliphosile igama leMercedes-Benz kwesi sivakalisi sokugqibela? Kulungile… UMercedes-Benz okwangoku akanayo nayiphi na injini yedizili ekwaziyo ukwenza iingxoxo ngeenjini ezimbini esiza kuzinikezela kuwe.Manene namanenekazi, ukusuka e-Ingolstadt ukuya kwihlabathi, kwicala lasekunene le- «ringi» sinenjini yakwa-Audi eyi-4.0 TDI 435hp. Kwicala lasekhohlo leringi, livela eMunich kunye nokubheja kwizakhiwo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo, sine-3.0 quad-turbo injini (B57) enezisilinda ezintandathu emgceni kunye ne-400 hp esuka kwaBMW.
Sinokongeza kule "skirming" iPorsche. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini ye-Diesel enika amandla i-Panamera iphuma kwi-injini ye-TDI ye-Audi SQ7 enezisombululo ezingaqhelekanga - ngoko ishiywe ngaphandle. Kwaye sithetha "ngaphandle"... ngaphandle kweJamani, akukho brand ivelisa iinjini zedizili ezingaphezu kwe-400 hp. Ke abo baphumelele indebe yethu “yesuperdiesel” bonke baphuma e-Ingolstadt naseMunich.
Yiyiphi eya kuphumelela? Senza umboniso weenjini, sinikezela ngesigwebo sethu, kodwa isigqibo sokugqibela sesakho! Kukho ivoti eyenzekayo ekupheleni kwenqaku.
Iinkcukacha ze-Audi's 4.0 V8 TDI
Yeyona injini yedizili inamandla kuluhlu lwe-Audi, kwaye okwangoku ifumaneka kuphela kwi-Audi SQ7 entsha, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kwisizukulwana esilandelayo i-Audi A8 – esele siyiqhuba apha. Kwakhona injini yokuqala ye-diesel ye-brand ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-Valvelift, evumela ukuba ulawulo lwe-injini ye-elektroniki lulungelelanise ukuvulwa kwee-valve ngokweemfuno zokuqhuba - uhlobo lwenkqubo ye-VTEC esetyenziswe kwi-injini ye-diesel.
AKUMELE UPHOSWE: Imbali yeVolvo yeminyaka engama-90
Xa kuziwa kumanani, zilungiselele amaxabiso aphezulu. Amandla aphezulu yi-435 hp yamandla, ekhoyo phakathi kwe-3,750 kunye ne-5,000 rpm. Itorque inomtsalane ngakumbi, ndikholelwe… kukho 900 Nm ekhoyo phakathi kwe-1,000(!) kunye ne-3,250 rpm! Ukuyibeka ngokulula, i-torque ephezulu iyafumaneka ukusuka kwi-idling kwaye akukho turbo-lag. Ndakhe ndalapho ndakwenza oko.
Xa idityaniswe negigantic SUV «SQ7» kunye neetoni zayo ezimbini zobunzima, le 4.0 TDI ikwazi ukuzalisekisa i-0-100km/h kwimizuzwana eyi-4.8 nje. Ngamanye amazwi, "amanani" aqhelekileyo kubuntshatsheli beemoto zemidlalo ngokwenene. Isantya esiphezulu silinganiselwe nge-elektroniki ukuya kuma-250km/h kwaye ukusetyenziswa okupapashiweyo (umjikelo weNEDC) yi-7.4 yeelitha/100km kuphela.
Yintoni imfihlo yale njini? Amanani anjengala awawa esibhakabhakeni. Imfihlelo yale njini zii-turbos zejometri eziguquguqukayo ezimbini kunye neyesithathu ye-electric drive turbo (EPC) esebenza ngokubulela kwisixokelelwano sombane esingama-48V. Njengoko le turbo (EPC) ayixhomekeke kwiigesi zokukhupha ukusebenza, inokunyusa ngokukhawuleza ukuphuma kwamandla.
Le nkqubo ye-48V ide igqalwe njengeyona ndlela ilandelayo enkulu kushishino lweemoto. Ngombulelo kule teknoloji, kwixesha elizayo zonke iinkqubo zombane ezixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-injini yokutshisa (ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo) ziya kunikwa amandla yile nkqubo ye-48V (i-air conditioning, i-adaptive suspensions, i-steering, iziqhoboshi, inkqubo yokuhamba, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, njl. .
Iinkcukacha ze-3.0 quad-turbo esuka kwaBMW
Ngoxa Audi babheje cubic umthamo kunye nenani leesilinda, BMW babheje kwifomula yayo yemveli: 3.0 iilitha, iisilinda ezintandathu kunye turbos à la carte!
I-brand yaseMunich yayisele iluphawu lokuqala lokuxhobisa injini yemveliso ngee-turbos ezintathu kwaye ngoku iphinda ibe yeyokuqala ukuxhobisa injini yedizili ene-turbos ezine. Inye, zimbini, zintathu, zine turbos!
Ngokubhekiselele kumanani okwenene, le njini kwi-BMW 750d iphuhlisa amandla angama-400 hp kunye ne-760 Nm ye-torque ephezulu. Amandla aphezulu afikelela kwi-4400 rpm, ngelixa i-torque ephezulu ifumaneka phakathi kwe-2000 kunye ne-3000 rpm. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le njini iphuhlisa 450 Nm torque kwangoko 1,000 rpm. Amanani amangalisayo, kodwa kusekude kwi-900 Nm yenjini ye-Audi.
Njengoko ubona, ngokwamandla aphezulu ezi njini zimbini zisondele kakhulu, kodwa indlela ezihambisa ngayo amandla kunye netorque yahluke ngokupheleleyo. I-BMW ifezekisa la manani nge-1,000cc ngaphantsi kunye neesilinda ezimbini ngaphantsi kwe-Audi. Ukuba sixabisa amandla athile ilitha nganye, injini ye-BMW ikhazimla ngakumbi.
Ukuseta ii-turbo ezine kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu, kunye neeturbos zejometri ezimbini ezincinci kunye neeturbos ezimbini ezinkulu. Kungumbulelo wenkqubo entsonkothileyo “yamabhabhathane” ukuba inkqubo ye-elektroniki ye-BMW – ngesantya semoto, indawo yokunyathela i-accelerator, ukujikeleza kwe-injini kunye ne-gearshift – itshayile ii-turbos apho iirhasi zokuphuma kufuneka ziye kuzo.
Umzekelo, xa uqhuba ngezantya eziphantsi kunye ne-revs ephantsi, inkqubo inika kuqala ii-turbos ezincinci ukwenzela ukuba impendulo ikhawuleze. Nangona kwiimeko ezininzi le 3.0 quad-turbo isebenza ngeeturbos ezintathu ngexesha elinye. Ingxaki ngale nkqubo? Inobunzima obunokuthelekiswa kuphela neBugatti Chiron.
Masiye kumanani? Kwi-BMW 750d le njini ikwazi ukufikelela ku-0-100 km/h kwimizuzwana eyi-4.6 nje kwaye ifike ku-250km/h (ilinganiselwe nge-elektroniki). Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa, iBMW ibhengeza kuphela iilitha ezi-5.7/100km (umjikelo weNEDC). Ngaba ufuna idatha enomdla ngakumbi? Xa kuthelekiswa nenjini yepetroli elinganayo (750i), le 750d ithatha kuphela imizuzwana eyi-0.2 ubude ukusuka ku-0-100 km/h.
Yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo?
Xa kujongwe iingxoxo, kunzima ukubala uloyiso olupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na enye yezi njini. Okokuqala, kuba akukabikho kwenzeka ukuthelekisa ezi njini zimbini kwiimodeli ezifanayo. Kwaye okwesibini kuba kuxhomekeke kwikhrayitheriya eyamkelweyo.
I-BMW ifumana amandla athile ilitha nganye ngaphezulu kwe-injini ye-Audi – yindlela abaza kuphumelela ngayo i-BMW. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini ye-Audi inikezela kabini (!) I-torque kwiinkqubo ezilinganayo, kunye neenzuzo ezicacileyo zokuqhuba ubumnandi - yindlela i-Audi eya kuphumelela ngayo.
Ukujonga kuphela umba wetekhnoloji, ibhalansi iphinda ijonge kwi-Audi. Ngelixa i-BMW yongeza enye i-turbo kwi-injini yayo ye-litha ye-3.0 eyaziwayo, i-Audi yaya phambili kwaye yongeza inkqubo ye-48V ehambelanayo kunye ne-turbo eguquguqukayo esebenzayo yombane. Kodwa njengoko sesibonile, ekugqibeleni ezi njini ziyalingana.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi njini zimbini zezokugqibela "superdiesel" kwimbali. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, imeko yentengiso yangoku ibhekisele ekutshabalaleni ngokupheleleyo kweenjini zedizili. Ngaba siyazisola? Ewe senza njalo. Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, iinjini zedizili ziye zavela kakhulu kwaye azisezozihlobo ezihluphekayo zeenjini zeOtto.
Oko kwathiwa, "ibhola" isecaleni lakho. Yeyiphi kwezi mpawu ivelisa eyona njini yedizili ingcono namhlanje?